Divided-Attention and Directed-Attention Listening Modes in Children with Dichotic Deficits: An Event-Related Potential Study

2007 ◽  
Vol 18 (01) ◽  
pp. 034-053 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Martin ◽  
James Jerger ◽  
Jyutika Mehta

Dichotic listening (DL) procedures are commonly employed in the evaluation of auditory processing in children. Review of the various clinical tests reveals considerable diversity in both the signals employed and their mode of administration. The extent to which other non auditory-specific factors influence the test outcome is often difficult to determine. Individual differences in memory, attention, facility with test stimuli, and report strategy are always of potential concern in the interpretation of results.In the present study, we examined behavioral and electrophysiological (ERP) responses for 20 children during two DL tasks. Two groups of children were evaluated. One group was comprised of children who showed substantial ear differences on clinical measures of DL; the other group showed no such deficits and served as age-matched controls. In one of the DL tasks, participants monitored dichotic stimuli using the divided-attention (unfocused) mode. In the other DL task, a directed-attention (focused) mode was employed. Both tasks involved simple "same-different" judgments for real words presented in a basic reference-probe paradigm. We purposefully sought an easy DL task in order to minimize the number of extra-auditory factors influencing their performance. For control purposes, a diotic procedure involving the same stimuli was also included.Results showed that the amplitude of the elicited late-positive component (LPC) was smaller and prolonged in latency for the group of poor listeners as compared to the control group. This finding occurred only when dichotic stimuli were presented in the divided-attention mode. When participants directed their attention to a single side, or when listening in a diotic mode, the LPC for both groups was more similar. Group differences in the N400 component were apparent for both listening tasks. Results are discussed in relation to an inability of some children to inhibit processing of unattended auditory information. Implications for the clinical administration of dichotic listening tests are also discussed. Los procedimientos de Audición Dicótica (DL) son comúnmente empleados en la evaluación del procesamiento auditivo en niños. La revisión de varias pruebas clínicas revela una diversidad considerable tanto en las señales empleadas como en su modo de administración. En qué grado otros factores no específicos de la audición influyen en los resultados de las pruebas es a menudo difícil de determinar. Las diferencias individuales en memoria, atención, facilidad con los estímulos de la prueba y la estrategia de reporte, tienen siempre influencia potencial en la interpretación de los resultados. En el presente estudio, examinamos respuestas conductuales y electrofisiológicas (ERP) en 20 niños con dos tareas de DL. Se evaluaron dos grupos de niños. Un grupo estaba constituido por niños que mostraban diferencias sustanciales entre los oídos en las mediciones clínicas de la DL; el otro grupo no mostró tal déficit y sirvieron como controles pareados por edad. En una de las tareas de DL, los participantes monitorearon estímulos dicóticos utilizando el modo de atención dividida (no concentrada). En la otra tarea de DL, se empleó un modo de atención dirigida (concentrada). Ambas tareas involucraron juicios simples de "igual-diferente" para palabras reales presentadas en un paradigma de sondeo de diferencia básica. A propósito, buscamos una tarea de DL fácil, para minimizar el número de factores extra-auditivos que influían en el desempeño. Para propósitos de control, se incluyó también un procedimiento diótico que utilizara los mismos estímulos. Los resultados muestran que la amplitud del componente positivo tardío (LPC) generado era más pequeña y más prolongada en latencia para el grupo de oyentes pobres comparado con el grupo control. Este hallazgo tuvo lugar sólo cuando se presentaron estímulos dicóticos en el modo de atención dividida. Cuando los participantes dirigieron su atención a un sólo lado, o cuando escucharon en un modo diótico, el LPC para ambos grupos fue similar. Las diferencias de grupo en el componente N400 fueron aparentes para ambas tareas de audición. Se discuten los resultados en relación con la incapacidad de algunos niños de inhibir el procesamiento de información auditiva a la que no se le está prestando atención. Se discuten las implicaciones para la administración clínicas de pruebas de audición dicótica.

2021 ◽  
pp. 174702182199003
Author(s):  
Andy J Kim ◽  
David S Lee ◽  
Brian A Anderson

Previously reward-associated stimuli have consistently been shown to involuntarily capture attention in the visual domain. Although previously reward-associated but currently task-irrelevant sounds have also been shown to interfere with visual processing, it remains unclear whether such stimuli can interfere with the processing of task-relevant auditory information. To address this question, we modified a dichotic listening task to measure interference from task-irrelevant but previously reward-associated sounds. In a training phase, participants were simultaneously presented with a spoken letter and number in different auditory streams and learned to associate the correct identification of each of three letters with high, low, and no monetary reward, respectively. In a subsequent test phase, participants were again presented with the same auditory stimuli but were instead instructed to report the number while ignoring spoken letters. In both the training and test phases, response time measures demonstrated that attention was biased in favour of the auditory stimulus associated with high value. Our findings demonstrate that attention can be biased towards learned reward cues in the auditory domain, interfering with goal-directed auditory processing.


Author(s):  
Wessam Mostafa Essawy

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Amblyaudia is a weakness in the listener’s binaural processing of auditory information. Subjects with amblyaudia also demonstrate binaural integration deficits and may display similar patterns in their evoked responses in terms of latency and amplitude of these responses. The purpose of this study was to identify the presence of amblyaudia in a population of young children subjects and to measure mismatch negativity (MMN), P300 and cortical auditory evoked potentials (CAEPs) for those individuals.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> Subjects included in this study were divided into 2 groups control group that consisted of 20 normal hearing subjects with normal developmental milestones and normal speech development. The study group (GII) consisted of 50 subjects with central auditory processing disorders (CAPDs) diagnosed by central auditory screening tests. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> With using dichotic tests including dichotic digits test (DDT) and competing sentence test (CST), we could classify these cases into normal, dichotic dysaudia, amblyaudia, and amblyaudia plus with percentages (40%, 14%, 38%, 8% respectively). Using event related potentials, we found that P300 and MMN are more specific in detecting neurocognitive dysfunction related to allocation of attentional resources and immediate memory in these cases.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> The presence of amblyaudia in cases of central auditory processing disorders (CAPDs) and event related potentials is an objective tool for diagnosis, prognosis and follow up after rehabilitation.</p>


2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3.22) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Tai Yan Shan ◽  
Faruque Reza ◽  
Tahamina Begum ◽  
Nasir Yusoff

Background: The other-race categorisation advantage (ORCA) is a well-established phenomenon, whereby other-race faces are categorised faster than own race faces. Objectives: This study investigated whether extraverts would demonstrate an ORCA-like effect toward unfamiliar other-race faces and familiar other-race faces in a modified oddball and choice reaction paradigm.  Methods: This event-related potential (ERP) study employed a repeated measures experimental design with one independent variable (racial familiarity) and three levels (familiar other-race/Malay faces, unfamiliar other-race/African faces, control group/furniture photos). In the oddball task, African faces and Malay faces were the target stimuli and furniture photos were the standard stimuli. Electroencephalography data (EEG) was collected during the oddball task, from which ERP components were derived. Results: The reaction time (RT) for African and Malay faces were not significantly different.  Significant effect of racial familiarity on P300 latencies at all electrode sites was not observed.  However, there was a significant effect of racial familiarity on P300 amplitudes at midline electrodes (Cz).  It was also observed that the P300 amplitude was larger for African faces than Malay faces at midline electrodes (Cz). Conclusion: An ORCA-like effect was not found in categorisation tasks involving faces from a familiar and an unfamiliar other-race, but a larger P300 amplitude was evoked by African faces. This dissociation between RT and P300 amplitude provided important theoretical implications with regard to models associated with ORCA. Specifically, the current findings lent support to the social cognition model and the Categorisation-Individuation Model (CIM).


1997 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 792-808 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura L. Murray ◽  
Audrey L. Holland ◽  
Pelagie M. Beeson

This study examined the effects of lesion location (frontal vs. posterior) and nature of distraction (nonverbal vs. verbal secondary, competing task) on mildly aphasic individuals’ performances of listening tasks that required semantic judgments and lexical decisions under isolation, focused attention, and divided attention conditions. Despite comparable accuracy among all groups during isolation conditions, the aphasic groups responded less accurately and more slowly than the normal control group during focused and divided attention conditions. Generally, the two aphasic groups performed similarly, quantitatively and qualitatively. Demographic characteristics such as time post stroke did not correlate with performance decrements. Independent of group, all individuals showed greater disruption of auditory processing skills when the secondary task was verbal rather than nonverbal. Within a limited-capacity model of attention, the results suggest that aphasic individuals display impairments of attention and resource allocation and that these impairments negatively interact with their auditory processing abilities.


2005 ◽  
Vol 16 (04) ◽  
pp. 205-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer B. Shinn ◽  
Jane A. Baran ◽  
Deborah W. Moncrieff ◽  
Frank E. Musiek

The role of attention in the differentiation of auditory processing disorders from attention deficit disorders is gaining considerable interest in both the clinical and research arenas. It has been well established that when attention is directed to one ear or the other on traditional dichotic tests, performance can be altered. However, preliminary studies in our laboratory have shown that dichotic fusion paradigms are resistant to shifts in ear performance associated with changes in attention. The purpose of this study was to assess the performance of normal listeners on a dichotic consonant-vowel and a dichotic rhyme (fusion) test. Both test procedures were administered to 20 young adults in three different listening conditions (free recall, attention directed to the left ear, and attention directed to the right ear). Results from this study supported the hypothesis that dichotic rhyme tests are resistant to alterations in the laterality of attention and have implications for the development of test paradigms that can be used to segregate attention from pure auditory deficits in the clinical domain.


CoDAS ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 506-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Dal Piva Gresele ◽  
Michele Vargas Garcia ◽  
Enma Mariángel Ortiz Torres ◽  
Sinéia Neujahr dos Santos Santos ◽  
Maristela Julio Costa

Purpose: To evaluate and compare the dichotic listening abilities in non-hearing-impaired adults monolingual speakers of the Brazilian Portuguese language (CG) and simultaneous Brazilian Portuguese-German (GG) bilingual speakers or successive Brazilian Portuguese-Italian bilingual speakers (IG). Methods: This is about an observational, descriptive, transverse and quantitative research. The sample consisted of 87 subjects aged between 18 and 55 years, divided into: Control Group (CG), of 30 monolingual speakers of Brazilian Portuguese; Study Group A (SGA), of 31 simultaneous Brazilian Portuguese-German bilingual speakers; and Study Group I (SGI), of 26 successive Brazilian Portuguese-Italian speakers. The individuals were submitted to the Dichotic digits test (DDT) and to Staggered Spondaic Words (SSW). Results: The DTT results showed difference in right ear and total scores when comparing SGA to CG. Comparing the CG and the SGI, it was observed difference in right and left ears and total scores. Comparing the SGA and the SGI, no difference was observed between the groups. Results of SSW showed that both bilingual groups were significantly better in the right and left ears scores and even in total one when compared to CG. Comparing the SGA and the SGI, the SGI showed better significant scores in the right ear and total. Conclusion: Bilingual experiences seem to influence positively the ability of high predictability dichotic listening, evaluated by DDT, and the low predictability dichotic listening, evaluated by SSW test. The SSW results also showed statistically significantly better results for successive Brazilian Portuguese-Italian bilingual speakers when compared to simultaneous Brazilian Portuguese-German speakers.


Author(s):  
Jamileh Chupani ◽  
Mohanna Javanbakht ◽  
Yones Lotfi

Background and Aim: The majority of the world’s population is bilingual. Bilingualism is a form of sensory enrichment that translates to gains in cognitive abilities; these cognitive gains in attention and memory are known to modulate subcortical processing of auditory stimuli. Sec­ond language acquisition has a broad impact on various psychological, cognitive, memory, and linguistic processes. Central auditory processing (CAP) is the perceptual processing of auditory information. Due to its importance in bilingu­alism, this study aimed to review the CAP of bilinguals. Recent Findings: The CAP was studied in three areas: dichotic listening, temporal processing, and speech in noise perception. Regarding dicho­tic listening, studies have shown that bilinguals have better performance in staggered spondaic word (SSW) test, consonant-vowel dichotic test, dichotic digits test (DDT), and disyllable dichotic test than monolinguals, although similar results have also been reported in SSW and DDT. Reg­arding temporal processing, the results of bilin­guals do not differ from those of monolinguals, although in some cases, it is better in bilinguals. Regarding speech in noise perception, the results between bilinguals and monolinguals are varied depending on the amount of linguistic infor­mation available in the stimuli. Conclusion: Bilingualism has a positive effect on dichotic processing, no effect on temporal processing, and varied effect on speech in noise perception. Bilinguals have poor performance using meaningful speech and better performance using meaningless speech. Keywords: Central auditory processing; bilingual; dichotic listening; temporal processing; speech in noise perception


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter E Clayson ◽  
Juan L Molina ◽  
Yash B. Joshi ◽  
Michael L. Thomas ◽  
Joyce Sprock ◽  
...  

Neurophysiological biomarkers of auditory processing show promise predicting outcomes following auditory-based targeted cognitive training (TCT) interventions in patients with schizophrenia, but the viability of the early frequency following response (FFR) as a biomarker has yet to be examined, despite its ecological and face validity for auditory-based interventions. FFR is an event-related potential (ERP) that reflects the earliest stages of auditory processing. We predicted that schizophrenia patients would show acute- and longer-term FFR malleability in the context of auditory-based TCT. Fifty-two schizophrenia patients were randomized to either TCT (n = 30) or treatment as usual (TAU; n = 22), and electroencephalography was recorded during rapid presentation of an auditory speech stimulus before treatment, after one hour of training, and after 30 hours of training. Patients in the TCT group did not show changes in FFR after training, but FFR measurements in the TAU group diminished over time. FFR was positively associated with performance on a measure of single word-in-noise perception in the TCT group, and with performance on a measure of sentence-in-noise perception in both TCT and TAU groups. Psychometric reliability analyses of FFR scores indicated high internal consistency but low test-rest reliability between sessions one hour and 12 weeks apart. While the present study did not find evidence of FFR malleability or utility in predicting response to auditory-based TCT, significant associations were observed between FFR measures and behavioral measures of speech discriminability. These findings support the dissociation between measures of speech discriminability along the hierarchy of cortical and subcortical early auditory information processing in schizophrenia.


Author(s):  
Mahsa Habibi ◽  
Saeid Farahani ◽  
Nematollah Rouhbakhsh ◽  
Farzaneh Zamiri Abdollahi ◽  
Shohreh Jalaie

Background and Aim: Dichotic listening dis­orders occur secondary to interhemispheric tran­sfer dysfunction. Central processing tests such as staggered spondaic words (SSW) and dich­otic digits test (DDT) are recommended for the evaluation of dichotic listening in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). The present study aim­ed to evaluate dichotic listening in subjects with MS by SSW and DDT. Methods: This cross-sectional study was con­ducted on 45 patients with MS, including 20 males (mean ± SD age: 35.95 ± 5.73 y) and 25 females (mean ± SD age: 37.40 ± 6.1 y) and their data were collected by the Persian version of SSW (P-SSW) and DDT. The results com­pared to 45 normal subjects age- and gender-matched as the control group. Results: In patients with MS, P-SSW quanti­tative and qualitative errors (except for Sm2 and reversals), errors were significantly more than the control group (p ≤ 0.001). Right and left ear scores in DDT for the patients with MS were significantly lower, and right ear advantage was significantly higher than that in the control group (p ≤ 0.001). The results also showed a significant correlation between the test of P-SSW and DDT in the left ear. Conclusion: The present study showed that patients with MS hav * Corresponding author: Department of Audiology, School of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Piche-Shemiran, Enghelab Ave., Tehran, 1148965141, Iran. Tel: 009821-77530636, E-mail: [email protected] e lower performance in dichotic listening and binaural processing than normal peers. Identification of binaural proce­ssing deficit in patients with MS may lead to early rehabilitation and improving their function by facilitating auditory processing.  


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter E Clayson ◽  
Yash B. Joshi ◽  
Michael L. Thomas ◽  
Melissa Tarasenko ◽  
Andrew Bismark ◽  
...  

Deficits in early auditory information processing contribute to cognitive and psychosocial disability; this has prompted development of interventions that target low-level auditory processing, which may alleviate these disabilities. The frequency following response (FFR) is a constellation of event-related potential and frequency characteristics that reflect the processing of simple acoustic stimuli at the level of the brainstem and ascending portions of the auditory pathway. While FFR is a promising candidate biomarker of response to auditory-based cognitive training interventions, the psychometric properties of FFR in schizophrenia patients have not been studied. Here we assessed the internal consistency characteristics and magnitude of group differences across 18 different FFR parameters to determine which, if any, of these parameters demonstrate adequate internal consistency for use in intervention studies. Electroencephalography from 40 schizophrenia patients and 40 nonpsychiatric comparison subjects was recorded during rapid presentation of an auditory speech stimulus (6,000 trials). Patients showed normal response amplitudes but longer latencies for most FFR peaks and lower signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) than healthy subjects. Analysis of amplitude and latency estimates of peaks, however, indicated a need for a substantial increase in task length to obtain internal consistency estimates above .80. In contrast, excellent internal consistency (&gt; .95) was shown for FFR sustained responses. Only SNR scores reflecting the FFR sustained response yielded significant group differences and excellent internal consistency, suggesting that this measure is a viable candidate for use in clinical treatment studies. The present study highlights the use of internal consistency estimates of FFR to guide future intervention studies interested in individual differences among patients.


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