scholarly journals Assessment of the mental fatigue state of an operator influenced by electromagnetic noise radiation

Informatics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 26-39
Author(s):  
A. V. Sidorenko ◽  
M. A. Saladukha
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Mental Fatigue ◽  
Confidential Information ◽  
Electromagnetic Noise ◽  
Noise Radiation ◽  
Power Spectral ◽  
Analysis Theory ◽  
Gamma Rhythms ◽  
The Military

Objectives. The problem of determining the mental fatigue of the operator, which is processing the confidential information under the influence of electromagnetic noise radiation, is solved. The relevance of the problem is associated with the need to process the confidential information by the operator located in the limited space of a mobile technical system.Methods. The methods of spectral analysis theory of the results, received in the process of experimental studies the electroencephalograms, are used.Results. The results of experimental studies were obtained based on the processing and analysis of electroencephalograms recorded in standard leads Fp1, Fp2, F3, F4, C3, C4, P3, P4, O1, O2, F7, F8, T3, T4, T5, T6. The following quantitative parameters have been analyzed: power spectral density of delta-, theta-, alpha-, beta-, gamma-rhythms under the influence of electromagnetic noise radiation.Conclusion. The presence of mental fatigue of the operator is based on a comparative analysis of the obtained results and the data described in the scientific literature related to the occurrence of chronic mental fatigue; the fatigue caused by the military performing simulation tasks; mental fatigue caused by performing an RVP test.

scholarly journals The Difficult alliance. Military cooperation between the ruthenian king Daniel and the Piasts of Mazovia

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-112
Author(s):  
Michał Skoczyński
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Armed Conflicts ◽  
The Other ◽  
Political Strategy ◽  
Military Cooperation ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Historical Methodology ◽  
The Military

Abstract The article presents the military cooperation between the King of Galician-Volhynian Ruthenia, Daniel Romanowicz, and the Dukes of Mazovia, Konrad and his son Siemowit. The alliance, based as a counterweight for the cooperation between the King of Hungary and the Piast princes of Lesser Poland, who were trying to conquer Ruthenia and dominate all Piast principalities in then fragmented Poland. It lasted for several decades from the 1220’s to the 1260’s and was primarly aimed at mutual protection against the invasions of the pagan Yotvingians and supporting each other in armed conflicts. The text contains an analysis of war expeditions, tactics and ways of support that were given by both sides of the allianace. It is a new point of view on this aspect of political strategy of both sides that in some ways defined the regional situation. Ruthenians granted masovian Piasts some mobile and political uncommited support in fight with their relatives in Poland, and also secured their border with the Yotvingians. On the other hand, masovian knights were an additional strike force in ruthenian plundering expeditions to Yotvingia. The research was based on the analysis of preserved historical sources and scientific literature using historical methodology.

scholarly journals Exposure Assessment to Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Fields in Occupational Military Scenarios: A Review

2022 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 920
Author(s):  
Silvia Gallucci ◽  
Serena Fiocchi ◽  
Marta Bonato ◽  
Emma Chiaramello ◽  
Gabriella Tognola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Exposure Assessment ◽  
Military Personnel ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Exposure Limits ◽  
Worker Exposure ◽  
Communication Devices ◽  
Directed Energy ◽  
The Military ◽  
Intended Use

(1) Background: Radiofrequency radiations are used in most devices in current use and, consequently, the assessment of the human exposure to the radiofrequency radiations has become an issue of strong interest. Even if in the military field there is wide use of radiofrequency devices, a clear picture on the exposure assessment to the electromagnetic field of the human beings in the military scenario is still missing. (2) Methods: a review of the scientific literature regarding the assessment of the exposure of the military personnel to the RF specific to the military environment, was performed. (3) Results: the review has been performed grouping the scientific literature by the typology of military devices to which the military personnel can be exposed to. The military devices have been classified in four main classes, according to their intended use: communication devices, localization/surveillance devices, jammers and EM directed-energy weapons. (4) Discussion and Conclusions: The review showed that in the exposure conditions here evaluated, there were only occasional situations of overexposure, whereas in the majority of the conditions the exposure was below the worker exposure limits. Nevertheless, the limited number of studies and the lack of exposure assessment studies for some devices prevent us to draw definitive conclusions and encourage further studies on military exposure assessment.

scholarly journals ON APPLICABILITY OF ADDITIVE TECHNOLOGY IN PRODUCING NOZZLES FOR JET NOISE INVESTIGATIONS

Akustika ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 180-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Igor Khramtsov ◽  
Evgeniya Cherenkova ◽  
Vadim Palchikovskiy ◽  
Oleg Kustov
Keyword(s):  
Sound Pressure ◽  
Small Diameter ◽  
Jet Noise ◽  
Additive Technology ◽  
Noise Radiation ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Air Jet ◽  
Power Spectral ◽  
Noise Measurements ◽  
Jet Velocities

The split-type conical nozzles with replaceable exit sections with diameters of 30, 40 and 50 mm were designed and produced from steel by machine turning. In addition, the replaceable output parts of the nozzles with the same diameters were produced by additive technology (fused deposition manufacturing) from ABS plastic. In the acoustic anechoic chamber, the noise measurements of a single-stream cold air jet for all the nozzles at jet velocities in the range of 0.3-0.7 Mach numbers were carried out. The noise measurements were performed on distance of 2 m from the center of the nozzle exit section at angles from 30 to 105o. For different directions of noise radiation and different velocities of the jet, the power spectral density and overall sound pressure level were determined. The obtained results demonstrates that the jet noise for nozzles with diameter of 40 and 50 mm from steel and ABS plastic differs by no more than 1 dB, which is within the measurement error for these types of experiments. The nozzles with diameter 30 mm have a higher difference in noise, which can be explained by the more sensitivity of a nozzle with a small diameter to the deviations of geometric parameters when it produced by additive technology.

scholarly journals RELATIONS BETWEEN RUSSIA AND CHINA FROM THE POSITION OF CHINESE MILITARY PHILOSOPHY

2021 ◽  
pp. 91-96
Author(s):  
Виктор Анатольевич Кардашов
Keyword(s):  
Soft Power ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Military Alliance ◽  
Group Methods ◽  
Chinese Military ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
Scientific Group ◽  
The Military

Целью статьи является рассмотрение общей тенденции отношений двух стран в контексте противостояния Китая давлению Запада. Используются методы общенаучной группы (анализ, синтез, дедукция, индукция); а также специальные методы: контентанализ научной литературы; фактографический анализ, метод ретроспективного анализа. Автор приходит к выводу, что китайская военная философия реализуется в стратегии «мягкой силы» Китая. В отношениях с Россией Китай не делает исключения из общих философских принципов взаимодействия с западной цивилизацией. Принципы военной философии Китая противоречат прогнозам о возможности военного союза с Россией. Теоретическая значимость исследования заключается в том, что отношения между Россией и Китаем рассматриваются с позиции основных принципов военной философии КНР. Aim. The aim is the considering of the general trend in relations between the two countries in the context of China’s opposition to Western pressure. Methodology. General scientific group methods (analysis, synthesis, deduction, induction); as well as special methods: content analysis of scientific literature; factual analysis, retrospective analysis method. Results. Chinese military philosophy is implemented in China’s «soft power» strategy. In relations with Russia, China makes no exceptions from the general philosophical principles of interaction with Western civilization. The principles of China’s military philosophy contradict forecasts of the possibility of a military alliance with Russia. The theoretical significance of the study lies in the fact that relations between Russia and China are viewed from the standpoint of the basic principles of the military philosophy of the PRC.

scholarly journals Medicinal plants and natural products can play a significant role in mitigation of mercury toxicity

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 247-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanjib Bhattacharya
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Scientific Journal ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Literature Survey ◽  
Mercury Toxicity ◽  
Journal Articles ◽  
Effective Agent ◽  
Clinical Investigations

Abstract Mercury is a heavy metal of considerable toxicity. Scientific literature reveals various plants and plant derived natural products, i.e., phytochemicals, which can alleviate experimentally induced mercury toxicity in animals. The present review attempts to collate those experimental studies on medicinal plants and phytochemicals with ameliorative effects on mercury toxicity. A literature survey was carried out by using Google, Scholar Google, Scopus and Pub-Med. Only the scientific journal articles found in the internet for the last two decades (1998–2018) were considered. Minerals and semi-synthetic or synthetic analogs of natural products were excluded. The literature survey revealed that in pre-clinical studies 27 medicinal plants and 27 natural products exhibited significant mitigation from mercury toxicity in experimental animals. Clinical investigations were not found in the literature. Admissible research in this area could lead to development of a potentially effective agent from the plant kingdom for clinical management of mercury toxicity in humans.

scholarly journals An Updated Overview on Nanonutraceuticals: Focus on Nanoprebiotics and Nanoprobiotics

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 2285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra Durazzo ◽  
Amirhossein Nazhand ◽  
Massimo Lucarini ◽  
Atanas G. Atanasov ◽  
Eliana B. Souto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Active Ingredients ◽  
Research Strategies ◽  
Absorption Enhancers ◽  
Literature Research ◽  
Safety Aspects ◽  
Area Of Interest

Over the last few years, the application of nanotechnology to nutraceuticals has been rapidly growing due to its ability to enhance the bioavailability of the loaded active ingredients, resulting in improved therapeutic/nutraceutical outcomes. The focus of this work is nanoprebiotics and nanoprobiotics, terms which stand for the loading of a set of compounds (e.g., prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics) in nanoparticles that work as absorption enhancers in the gastrointestinal tract. In this manuscript, the main features of prebiotics and probiotics are highlighted, together with the discussion of emerging applications of nanotechnologies in their formulation. Current research strategies are also discussed, in particular the promising use of nanofibers for the delivery of probiotics. Synbiotic-based nanoparticles represent an innovative trend within this area of interest. As only few experimental studies on nanoprebiotics and nanoprobiotics are available in the scientific literature, research on this prominent field is needed, covering effectiveness, bioavailability, and safety aspects.

A systematic review of unsupervised approaches to grammar induction

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-43
Author(s):  
Vigneshwaran Muralidaran ◽  
Irena Spasić ◽  
Dawn Knight
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Computational Linguistics ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Formal System ◽  
Grammar Induction ◽  
Learning Evaluation ◽  
Analysis Theory ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Implementation Methodology

Abstract This study systematically reviews existing approaches to unsupervised grammar induction in terms of their theoretical underpinnings, practical implementations and evaluation. Our motivation is to identify the influence of functional-cognitive schools of grammar on language processing models in computational linguistics. This is an effort to fill any gap between the theoretical school and the computational processing models of grammar induction. Specifically, the review aims to answer the following research questions: Which types of grammar theories have been the subjects of grammar induction? Which methods have been employed to support grammar induction? Which features have been used by these methods for learning? How were these methods evaluated? Finally, in terms of performance, how do these methods compare to one another? Forty-three studies were identified for systematic review out of which 33 described original implementations of grammar induction; three provided surveys and seven focused on theories and experiments related to acquisition and processing of grammar in humans. The data extracted from the 33 implementations were stratified into 7 different aspects of analysis: theory of grammar; output representation; how grammatical productivity is processed; how grammatical productivity is represented; features used for learning; evaluation strategy and implementation methodology. In most of the implementations considered, grammar was treated as a generative-formal system, autonomous and independent of meaning. The parser decoding was done in a non-incremental, head-driven fashion by assuming that all words are available for the parsing model and the output representation of the grammar learnt was hierarchical, typically a dependency or a constituency tree. However, the theoretical and experimental studies considered suggest that a usage-based, incremental, sequential system of grammar is more appropriate than the formal, non-incremental, hierarchical view of grammar. This gap between the theoretical as well as experimental studies on one hand and the computational implementations on the other hand should be addressed to enable further progress in computational grammar induction research.

scholarly journals A Cost Model for Integrated Logistic Support Activities

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Elena Nenni
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Cost Model ◽  
Life Cycle Management ◽  
Specific Cost ◽  
Comprehensive Examination ◽  
Scientific Papers ◽  
Expected Benefits ◽  
Logistic Support ◽  
The Military

An Integrated Logistic Support (ILS) service has the objective of improving a system’s efficiency and availability for the life cycle. The system constructor offers the service to the customer, and she becomes the Contractor Logistic Support (CLS). The aim of this paper is to propose an approach to support the CLS in the budget formulation. Specific goals of the model are the provision of the annual cost of ILS activities through a specific cost model and a comprehensive examination of expected benefits, costs and savings under alternative ILS strategies. A simple example derived from an industrial application is also provided to illustrate the idea. Scientific literature is lacking in the topic and documents from the military are just dealing with the issue of performance measurement. Moreover, they are obviously focused on the customer’s perspective. Other scientific papers are general and focused only on maintenance or life cycle management. The model developed in this paper approaches the problem from the perspective of the CLS, and it is specifically tailored on the main issues of an ILS service.

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