Forms of Pre-Caucasian brown trout S. trutta caucasicus (Dorofeeva, 1967) of the Caspian basin

Fisheries ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (5) ◽  
pp. 71-73
Author(s):  
Gazimagomed Magomedov ◽  
Zarema Alibekova ◽  
Rystam Rabazanov
Keyword(s):  
Brown Trout ◽  
Reproductive Potential ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Limited Range ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Small Rivers ◽  
Continuous Change ◽  
The Caspian Sea ◽  
Natural Reproduction ◽  
Definition Of

A morphological analysis of brooks trout in Dagestan showed that each spawning herd is morphologically unique and differs from the rest in a certain set of characters. However, all of them, when comparing the age composition, spawning conditions, the extent of spawning migrations in rivers, etc. have a lot in common. All of them meet the definition of a population as a group of individuals united by panmixia, a single territory and isolated to one degree or another from similar groups within the species. The morphological characteristics of trout in the upper of rivers Avar, Andi, and Kara-Koysu further confirms the validity of this approach. Presumably, the structure of trout populations is in continuous change and the differences in morphological indicators are phenotypic in nature and reflect the biotic and abiotic conditions prevailing in this region. The interaction of variability and selection in the population maintains a mobile equilibrium of biological properties forms the passing (brown trout) and residential (trout) forms. The trout of Sulakriver breaks up into several local herds (trout of Avar Koysu, Andi Koysu, Kara-Koysu, etc.) with a specific and limited range of its migrations. To a certain extent, differing from neighboring ones, each of the herds maintains its integrity and does not mix with the rest. Thus, the brooks trout of Dagestan seem to combine two functions - the self-reproduction of local settled populations and generating migrant individuals in the Caspian trout (Terek, Samur, Kara-Su rivers, etc.). In the rivers of the Kara-Su system, regardless of the place of fishing and the season, trout is represented by almost 100% males. Naturally, the question arises: who ensures the reproduction of trout herds in the absence of females? At the same time, the Salmo truttacis caucasicus (Dorofeyeva, 1967) comes to spawn in these rivers, and its livestock is represented exclusively by females (70-80%). Therefore, brooks trout of the Kara-Su system rivers and the Salmo truttacis caucasicus, coming here to spawn, should be considered as a single reproduction fund. Eggs, laid by either a brown trout female or a trout female, can leave individuals, that roll into the sea and turn into a passing trout, and individuals that remain in the river will be called brooks trout. The total reproductive potential of small rivers of the Dagestan coast of the Caspian Sea is currently no less than in native salmon rivers (Terek, Samur). That is why small rivers play an important role in the natural reproduction of trout and brown trout. Among the small salmon rivers of Dagestan, the greatest fishery value have tributaries of the Sulak river, rivers of the Kara-Su system, Shura-ozen, Manas-ozen, etc. Significant differences in the climatic features of these areas inevitably affect the biology of trout inhabiting them.

Geographical-geodynamic specificity of the Caspian Sea and seismo-geotectonics of Azerbaijan sector

2020 ◽  
pp. 9-14
Author(s):  
S.E. Kazymova ◽  
◽  
S.S. Ismailova ◽  
M.A. Bekirov ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regional Development ◽  
Caspian Sea ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Tectonic Structure ◽  
The Caspian Sea ◽  
General Energy ◽  
Tension State ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Energetic Systems

The Caspian Sea is a complicated and open natural geosystem. There are sole mechanisms of geodynamics of global and regional development combining both general energy sources and the energetics of only endogenic or only exogenous processes. Correspondingly, in the occurrence of endogenesis and exogenesis both general, sole mechanisms for them and the specific autonomous mechanisms characteristic for each of the aspect, as well as the complicated combinations of their interactions and interrelations including cascade-energetic systems of various types, levels and power are reflected. Thus, the Caspian phenomenon is a regional reaction to the general changes of global natural geosystem. The research aims studying the areas of modern tensions in the Caspian Sea lithosphere. The main task is the definition of tension state of the lithosphere and its analysis as well. Tectonic structure of the region has been reviewed and seismologic evaluation presented.

Neomisticius platypi n. sp. and N. variabilis n. sp. (Tylenchomorpha: Anguinidae) from dead oak trees in Japan

Nematology ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Natsumi Kanzaki ◽  
Hayato Masuya ◽  
Keiko Hamaguchi
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Vas Deferens ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Platypus Quercivorus ◽  
Oak Trees ◽  
Two New Species ◽  
Previous Definition ◽  
Rectal Glands ◽  
Stylet Length ◽  
Definition Of

Summary Two new Neomisticius species, typologically and phylogenetically close to each other, are described and illustrated from dead Quercus trees and an ambrosia beetle, Platypus quercivorus. The two species share some stylet morphological characteristics, namely, they both possess a long conus occupying more than half of the total stylet length, a long crustaformeria composed of more than 160 cells (eight rows of more than 20 cells each), and a short and broad female tail with a digitate tip. They are distinguished from each other by N. variabilis n. sp. having a wide, spindle-shaped male bursa with a blunt terminus and N. platypi n. sp. having an oval bursa with a rounded terminus. In addition, the males and females of both species have three large rectal glands and the posterior end of the male testis (distal end of the vas deferens) bears three cells that seemingly function as a valve between the vas deferens and the cloacal tube. These characteristics have not been reported in other tylenchids. Currently, the genus contains only three species: the two new species and N. rhizomorphoides, which has a normal stylet with a short conus, a short crustaformeria, and lacks rectal glands and valve cells in the vas deferens. Therefore, the two new species are readily distinguished from N. rhizomorphoides and, based on the previous definition, may even represent a new genus. However, considering their phylogenetic closeness and biological similarities (e.g., association with ambrosia beetles), the generic definition of Neomisticius was emended to include these new species.

scholarly journals The Complexity of Tobacco and Tobacco Smoke

2011 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 215-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
TA Perfetti ◽  
A Rodgman
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Complex Mixture ◽  
Operational Definition ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Complex Mixtures ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Detailed Knowledge ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Risk Potential

AbstractTobacco and tobacco smoke are both complex mixtures. We previously reported 8430 unique chemical components identified in these complex mixtures but two years later our updated number was 8889. Addition of unlisted isomers raised these numbers to 8622 and 9081, respectively. Our previous number of 4994 identified tobacco components is now 5229; our previous number of 5315 identified tobacco smoke components is now 5685. An operational definition of a complex mixture is as follows: A complex mixture is a characterizable substance containing many chemical components (perhaps thousands) in inexact proportions.Detailed knowledge of the amount and type of each component within the substance is uncertain even with today's analytical technology. Although it has been estimated that as many as 100000 components are present in these complex mixtures, their analyses indicate that the vast majority of the mass of each of these complex mixtures accounts for the 8430 compounds reported previously. Over 98.7% of the mass of tobacco has been accounted for in terms of identified components in tobacco. Greater than 99% of the mass of whole smoke has been accounted for based on identified chemical components. Certainly, many more tobacco and tobacco smoke components are present in these complex mixtures but the total mass of these components obviously is quite small.One of the significant challenges we face as a scientific community is addressing the problems of determining the risk potential of complex mixtures. Many issues are associated with toxicological testing of the complex mixture of tobacco smoke. Conducting valid experiments and interpreting the results of those experiments can be quite difficult. Not only is the test agent a complex mixture but also the tests are performed on species that have complicated life-processes. Interpretations of test results are often paradoxical. Significant progress has been made in the toxicological evaluations of complex mixtures in the last 80 years. The challenges we face in terms of testing the biological properties of tobacco smoke are substantial. The statement by DIPPLE et al. in their summary of the research on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from the 1930s through 1980 is equally true today for the cigarette smoke situation:…many important questions remain unanswered…many questions persist despite the considerable progress that has been made.

Geostatistical approach for multi-scale seismic liquefaction risk assessment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rose Line Spacagna ◽  
Massimo Cesarano ◽  
Stefania Fabozzi ◽  
Edoardo Peronace ◽  
Attilio Porchia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regional Scale ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Predisposing Factors ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Hazard Maps ◽  
Multi Scale ◽  
Seismic Liquefaction ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Geostatistical Approach ◽  
Definition Of

<p>The Seismic Microzonation studies (SMs), promoted all over the Italian territory by the Department of Civil Protection, provide fundamental knowledge of the subsoil response in seismic conditions at the urban scale. Amplification phenomena related to lithostratigraphic and morphological characteristics, instabilities and permanent deformations activated by the earthquake, are highlighted in hazard maps produced at increasing reliability levels (level 1 to 3 of SM). In particular, zones prone to liquefaction instability are firstly identified following the predisposing factors, such as geological and geotechnical characteristics and seismicity. The robustness of the definition of these areas is strongly correlated to the availability and the spatial distribution of surveys. Moreover, the typology and quality of the investigations considerably influence the method of analysis and the degree of uncertainty of the results.</p><p>This work aims to establish an updated procedure of the actual SM guidelines and integrates recent research activities at different levels of SMs, to improve the hazard maps accuracy in terms of liquefaction susceptibility. For the scope, the case of the Calabria region in the south of Italy, well known for the high level of seismicity, was studied. At a regional scale, the base-level analysis was implemented for a preliminary assessment of the Attention Zones (AZ), potentially susceptible to liquefaction. The predisposing factors were implemented at a large scale, taking advantage of geostatistical tools to quantify uncertainties and filter inconsistent data. The regional-scale analysis allowed to highlight areas prone to liquefaction and effectively addressed the subsequent level of analysis. At a local scale, the quantitative evaluation of the liquefaction potential was assessed using simplified methods, integrating data from different survey types (CPT, SPT, Down-Hole, Cross-Hole, MASW) available in SM database. The definition of Susceptibility Zones (SZ) was provided considering additional indexes, combining the results obtained from different surveys typologies and quantifying the uncertainty due to the limited data availability with geostatistical methods. The analyses at the regional and municipality scale were matched with seismic liquefaction evidence, well documented in past seismic events. This multi-scale process optimises resource allocation to reduce the level of uncertainty for subsequent levels of analysis, providing useful information for land management and emergency planning.</p>

scholarly journals Regeneration of experimental long bone defect after implantation in its cavity of osteoplastic material “Calc-i-oss®”

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (02) ◽  
pp. 099-102
Author(s):  
O. Korenkov
Keyword(s):  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Compact Bone ◽  
Long Bone ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Time In Literature ◽  
Microscopic Features ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Osteoplastic Material ◽  
Long Bone Defect

Abstract Introduction: There is a significant divergence of data on the rate of resorption and replacement by the bone tissue of osteoplastic materials based on β-tricalcium phosphate in cancellous bone. At the same time in literature missing morphometric and electron microscopic features of bone tissue of the regenerate of compact substance of bone in these conditions. This study was aimed at the assessment of the healing of compact bone tissue defect after implantation of osteoplastic material “Calc-i-oss®” with the definition of the dynamics of resorption and morphological characteristics of bone tissue of the regenerate. Material and Methods: In the middle third of the diaphysis of the femur of rats there was reproduced the perforated defect to the bone-brain channel that was filled with osteoplastic material “Calc-i-oss®”. After surgery the fragments of injured bones were studied at the 60th and 120th day by methods of light microscopy with morphometry and scanning electron microscopy. Results: The conducted research revealed no inflammatory reaction at the site of the defect, signs of necrobiosis and necrosis of osteocytes in adjacent to the site of implantation maternal bone. The site of defect was filled with lamellar bone tissue high in osteoblasts, osteocytes and with integrated into its structure remains of “Calc-i-oss®”. On the surface and inside the implant there were found osteogenic cells and bone foci. It was established that the osteoplastic material throughout the observation period is subjected to development and replacement by bone tissue of the regenerate, the ratio of which on the 60th day of the experiment was 25.72 ± 2.06% to 74.28 ± 2.06%, and on the 120th day - 18.31 ± 1.54% to 81.69 ± 1.54%. Conclusion: Osteoplastic material “Calc-i-oss®” exhibits biocompatibility, osteoconductive properties, ability to resorption and is replaced by bone tissue, with which it integrates well.

Notes on the genus Cactodera Krall & Krall, 1978 and proposal of Betulodera betulae gen. nov., comb. nov. (Nematoda: Heteroderidae)

Nematology ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 4 (7) ◽  
pp. 875-882 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dieter Sturhan
Keyword(s):  
Adaptive Radiation ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Lateral Field ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Species Inquirenda ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractBased mainly on an analysis of the host ranges of the species presently placed in Cactodera, sensu lato, and of selected morphological characteristics, an attempt is made to improve the definition of the genus which, after exclusion of C. betulae and C. johanseni, is considered to be monophyletic. The host range of Cactodera, sensu stricto, appears to be restricted to the subclass Caryophyllidae with the ten known species showing an adaptive radiation on host genera in five families of the orders Caryophyllales and Polygonales. This may be a result of co-evolution. Cactodera betulae cannot be assigned to any of the presently recognised genera of cyst-forming nematodes and therefore Betulodera gen. nov. is proposed with B. betulae comb. nov. as the type and only species. The relationship of Betulodera gen. nov. to other genera of Heteroderidae and to some undescribed heteroderid species has still to be evaluated. The new genus is characterised by circumfenestrate cysts with only a slightly protruding vulval cone, three incisures in the lateral field of the second-stage juveniles and presence of phasmids in the males. The hosts are in unrelated plant orders and subclasses. Cactodera aquatica, a species inquirenda, is returned to the genus Heterodera and Heterodera johanseni (Sharma et al. , 2001) comb. nov. is proposed for C. johanseni.

Stability of Characters of Mammary Tumors in Balb/cfRIII Mice

1980 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 439-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raffaele Pingitore
Keyword(s):  
Mammary Tumor ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Mammary Tumors ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Mammary Tumor Virus ◽  
Tumor Virus

The biological and morphological characteristics of mammary tumors in BALB/c mice infected with RIII mammary tumor virus (MTV) by foster nursing have substantially kept stable and unchanged after 20 years, 53 inbred generations and transfer of the strain from Perugia to Pisa. This suggests that the causal MTV keeps unaltered in time its biological properties.

The seasonal cycle of grassland use in the Caspian Sea steppe during the Bronze Age: A new approach to an old problem

2001 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 346-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia I. Shishlina
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
The Caspian Sea ◽  
The Third ◽  
Eurasian Steppe ◽  
Local Environments ◽  
Third Millennium ◽  
Third Millennium Bc ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Bronze Age ◽  
Seasonal Data

This article is devoted to the understanding of the importance of seasonal use of grasslands in the occupation of the Eurasian steppe during the Bronze Age. The pilot section of the research is Kalmykia – a steppe situated between the lower Volga and the Don rivers. We have to look at specific strategies of using local environments, river valleys, upland plateaux, and open steppe lands. During the third millennium BC, pastoralists of the Yamnaya and Catacomb cultures began to exploit the Eurasian steppe grasslands and they had to take advantage of the seasonal variation in steppe vegetation to create a sustainable economy. Seasonal use of grasslands became the main feature of the definition of pastoralism. This is the first time that early steppe materials have been analysed for seasonal data. On the basis of a combination of the seasonal data, settlement data and recent chronological information, a preliminary reconstruction is presented of two contrasting periods of land use for the third millennium BC.

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