Development of Zakat Management Digitalization in Indonesia

2020 ◽  
pp. 459-468
Author(s):  
Siti Zubaidah ◽  
Afifah Afifah
Keyword(s):  
Total Population ◽  
Economic Inequality ◽  
Traditional Management ◽  
Muslim Population ◽  
Internet Users ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Approach

Indonesia is a country with the largest Muslim population in the world as much as 87.2 percent of the total population. Therefore, Indonesia has enormous potential in the development of zakat as an effort to alleviate poverty and economic inequality. Also, Indonesia is ranked 5th in the country with the largest internet users. Seeing this potential, zakat institutions in Indonesia are digitizing their management. This study aims to determine the history of the management of zakat institutions, from traditional management to digitalization. Also, to find out the benefits of managing zakat institutions digitally. This study only focuses on the national zakat institution (BAZNAS). This paper seeks to fulfill the historical demand for knowing the management of zakat in each era because there are no studies that discuss the history of digitizing zakat management. This paper used a literature and history approach. This paper usefully examines the development of zakat management from each era and the process of digitizing zakat management.

Diasporas in Despair, 1560–1700

The Great Sea ◽  
2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Abulafia
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Religious Identity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Religious Identities ◽  
Muslim Population ◽  
Sephardic Jews ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Jewish Descent

Ottoman sultans and Spanish kings, along with their tax officials, took a strong interest in the religious identity of those who crossed the areas of the Mediterranean under their control. Sometimes, in an era marked by the clash of Christian and Muslim empires, the Mediterranean seems to be sharply divided between the two faiths. Yet the Ottomans had long accepted the existence of Christian majorities in many of the lands they ruled, while other groups navigated (metaphorically) between religious identities. The Sephardic Jews have already been encountered, with their astonishing ability to mutate into notionally Christian ‘Portuguese’ when they entered the ports of Mediterranean Spain. This existence suspended between worlds set off its own tensions in the seventeenth century, when many Sephardim acclaimed a deluded Jew of Smyrna as the Messiah. Similar tensions could also be found among the remnants of the Muslim population of Spain. The tragic history of the Moriscos was played out largely away from the Mediterranean Sea between the conversion of the last openly practising Muslims, in 1525, and the final act of their expulsion in 1609; it was their very isolation from the Islamic world that gave these people their distinctive identity, once again suspended between religions. The world inhabited by these Moriscos differed in important respects from that inhabited by the other group of conversos, those of Jewish descent. Although some Moriscos were hauled before the Inquisition, the Spanish authorities at first turned a blind eye to the continued practice of Islam; it was sometimes possible to pay the Crown a ‘service’ that bought exemption from interference by the Inquisition, which was mortified to discover that it could not boost its income by seizing the property of exempt suspects. Many Morisco communities lacked a Christian priest, so the continued practice of the old religion is no great surprise; even in areas where christianization took place, what sometimes emerged was an islamized Christianity, evinced in the remarkable lead tablets of Sacromonte, outside Granada, with their prophecies that ‘the Arabs will be those who aid religion in the last days’ and their mysterious references to a Christian caliph, or successor (to Jesus, not Muhammad).

scholarly journals Study reasons and motives women tend to Rhinoplasty in Ardabil city

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 1014
Author(s):  
Anahita Zakeri ◽  
Firouz Amani ◽  
Roghayeh Aslanian ◽  
Vahid Abbasi ◽  
Habib Ojaghi
Keyword(s):  
Cosmetic Surgery ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Main Role ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Self Confidence ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of

Background: Cosmetic surgery known as prevalent surgeries in the world that annually thousands of people are undergoing cosmetic surgery to change their appearance. Each year more than 200000 cosmetic surgery have been done on patients 18 years and low and about 390000 of them included surgeries such as breast, cosmetic, abdomen and nose. Iran in terms of plastic surgeries performed proportion to total population is located in the first rank of the world. Studies showed that social and mental factors have main role in doing these surgeries. So, the aim of this study was to evaluate the reasons and motives women tend to Rhinoplasty in Ardabil city.Methods: This descriptive-cross sectional study has been done on 120 women 15-50 years referred to cosmetic surgery clinics and centers. Samples selected randomly from centers which doing Rhinoplasty and data collected by a research base questionnaire including information about demographic data, causes and motive of women tend to Rhinoplasty.Results: Most of women were in the age group 15-20 (39.1%). 56.7% of women were married and 45% were housekeeper. 15% of women have history of psychological diseases and 58.3% have history of doing surgery in their family.Conclusions: Results showed that self confidence known as important factor in Rhinoplasty. Personality characteristics, social conditions and environmental factors play an important role in women tend to cosmetic surgery. So, we need doing studies in big samples for recognize the dimensions of effective factors in doing Rhinoplasty among women.

scholarly journals The Global History of Inequality

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 309-323
Author(s):  
Pim de Zwart
Keyword(s):  
Economic History ◽  
Demographic History ◽  
Economic Inequality ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Governmental Organization ◽  
Occupy Movement ◽  
The Great Recession ◽  
The Us ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of

Inequality has increased in most Western countries since the early 1980s. In a recent report, the international non-governmental organization Oxfam noted that the twenty-six richest people in the world own as much wealth as the poorest fifty per cent of the world's population. Discontent with the growing disparities in wealth and income has soared in recent years, especially in the wake of the 2007/2008 financial crisis and the “Great Recession” that followed. The Occupy movement protested against the greed of the “one per cent”, referring to the highly skewed income distribution in the US. Former US president Barack Obama proclaimed the growth of within-country economic inequality as “the defining challenge of our time”. Yet, he enacted few policies that reduced inequality during his two terms in office; the Gini coefficient in the US actually increased slightly between 2007 and 2016. His successor, whose election has often been explained as a consequence of these high levels of inequality, has slashed taxes for the wealthy, probably causing further rises in inequality in the future. In this essay, I will review two recent economic history books that examine the historical roots of within-country inequality on a global scale: Branko Milanovic's Global Inequality (2016) and Walter Scheidel's The Great Leveler (2017). Formerly a lead economist at the World Bank, Milanovic is a well-known scholar working in the field of economic inequality, while Scheidel has a background as a specialist in the economic, social, and demographic history of antiquity.

scholarly journals Cybercrime and Security in Nepal: The Need for Two-Factor Authentication in Social Media

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 31-36
Author(s):  
Chuda Bahadur Roka
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Interdisciplinary Studies ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
Internet Users ◽  
Maoist Insurgency ◽  
History Of ◽  
Use Of Internet

History of using computers is not long enough in Nepal. It was started in around 1995, but it got easier for us to access to using computers after 2000. We had no easy access to telephone and internet even before 2006 due to the Maoist Insurgency. In 2006, the users of Internet were 1.1% of the total population of Nepal, which reached around 17.2% at the end of 2016. With this rapid increment of internet users, risk of misuse such as cybercrime has increased through the use of internet. This paper thus will describe in detail about the cybercrime and security and authenticity related issues.Crossing the Border: International Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies 5(2) 2017: 31-36

scholarly journals Information search trends about sharia: a comparation study between business-industry genre with book-literature genre

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Akhmad Kusuma Wardhana
Keyword(s):  
Information Search ◽  
Comparative Studies ◽  
Market Potential ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Muslim Population ◽  
Internet Users ◽  
The World ◽  
Descriptive Qualitative

Indonesia has a large sharia market potential. This is because Indonesia has the largest Muslim population in the world. The market potential is supported by the openness of information via the internet. This study aims to observe trends in information search on the internet about sharia with comparative studies on the genre of "business-industry" with the genre of "book-literature". The approach in this research is descriptive qualitative with the method of a literature study to collect data. The primary data of this study are the trends in sharia information sought by internet users throughout 2019. The results of the study indicate that the trend of information about sharia with the "business-industry" genre is more than the "book-literature" genre. The trend of seeking information about halal is the most trend in both genres, while the trend of finding the least information is information about sharia research.

The Appearance of Computer/Internet Dependency in Turkey

2017 ◽  
pp. 45-49
Author(s):  
Nevin Gunaydin
Keyword(s):  
Total Population ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Internet Usage ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Communication Tools ◽  
Internet Users ◽  
The World ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Internet Dependency

The aim of this study is to reveal the prevalence of computer/Internet dependency in Turkey in the light of the existing research. With the rapid growth of technology, communication technologies have rapidly penetrated everyday life. More and more people express themselves with different types of technology, such as the computer and the Internet [19]. The most important communication tools that have emerged with the rapid development of technology are computers and the Internet. According to the Internet usage statistics of the world (Global Web Index, 2014), in 2014, 34% (Global Web Index, 2015) in 2015, and 34% (Global Web Index, 2015) in 2013 of the world total population in 2013 (IWS 2013) (Global Web Index, 2016) reported using the Internet. Internet users in Turkey increased by 1,225% between 2000 and 2008. Keywords: Dependency, Internet dependency, computer dependency

scholarly journals Afterword. Ukraine in the world religious space

2008 ◽  
pp. 403-425
Author(s):  
Liudmyla O. Fylypovych
Keyword(s):  
Human Resources ◽  
Religious Experience ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Land Area ◽  
World Community ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Spiritual Tradition

It has been 17 years since Ukraine has been in the world religious space, but it is hardly aware of its presence there, and the world community does not notice that this space has been enriched by another country and spiritual tradition. Thanks to Ukraine, the world religious space has increased territorially by 603.7 thousand km², which is 5.7% of European and 0.44% of world land area. This geographical area is inhabited by nearly 50 million, of which more than 30 million are believers. Ukraine, accounting for 0.7% of the population (46 million of 6.6 billion), has respectively 0.5% of believers in the world's total population. Such territorial and human quantitative growth is not too noticeable for the world. But this territory and human resources have long been present in the history of mankind. The spiritual weight of the Ukrainian religious experience requires verbalization both for the Ukrainians themselves and for other peoples who inhabit a certain local and global religious space.

Online Filtering Policies Around the World

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-28
Keyword(s):  
The Internet ◽  
Technical Aspects ◽  
Internet Regulation ◽  
Internet Users ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of

In this chapter, the authors begin by providing definitions about the basic terms in use and then proceed with an introduction to the global phenomenon of internet regulation. Furthermore, the development of online censorship is being presented, and the need for internet regulation is being discussed, along with the role that internet users can actually play. Additionally, the chapter provides a brief history of internet regulation systems (IRSs) around the world, and the authors examine the technical aspects of accessing the internet today and in previous years. Moreover, the reasons that initiate internet regulation policies are being reviewed. Next, the authors present and compare two contradictory kinds of IRSs: open vs. silent IRSs. Last, the authors explain how existing IRSs can be used as a guide in an effort to design and present a blueprint for a fair IRS.

Suicide Prevention Through Online Gatekeeping Using Search Advertising Techniques

Crisis ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 267-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hajime Sueki ◽  
Jiro Ito
Keyword(s):  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Suicide Prevention ◽  
Help Seeking ◽  
Service Use ◽  
Web Search ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Consultation Service ◽  
Search Advertising ◽  
Internet Users ◽  
History Of

Abstract. Background: Nurturing gatekeepers is an effective suicide prevention strategy. Internet-based methods to screen those at high risk of suicide have been developed in recent years but have not been used for online gatekeeping. Aims: A preliminary study was conducted to examine the feasibility and effects of online gatekeeping. Method: Advertisements to promote e-mail psychological consultation service use among Internet users were placed on web pages identified by searches using suicide-related keywords. We replied to all emails received between July and December 2013 and analyzed their contents. Results: A total of 139 consultation service users were analyzed. The mean age was 23.8 years (SD = 9.7), and female users accounted for 80% of the sample. Suicidal ideation was present in 74.1%, and 12.2% had a history of suicide attempts. After consultation, positive changes in mood were observed in 10.8%, 16.5% showed intentions to seek help from new supporters, and 10.1% of all 139 users actually took help-seeking actions. Conclusion: Online gatekeeping to prevent suicide by placing advertisements on web search pages to promote consultation service use among Internet users with suicidal ideation may be feasible.

A History of the World Semiconductor Industry

IEE Review ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 37 (10) ◽  
pp. 355
Author(s):  
D.A. Gorham
Keyword(s):  
Semiconductor Industry ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of
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