War Song in a Service of Ideology. Comparative Essay on the Example of Yugoslav and Ukrainian-Russian Conflicts

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 148-168
Author(s):  
Maroš Melichárek
Keyword(s):  
Historical Memory ◽  
Folk Songs ◽  
Armed Conflicts ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
National Narratives ◽  
East European ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Interethnic Violence ◽  
Russian Military

Both the official army music and combatants’ informal folk songs have always played a noteworthy role in their respective societies regardless whether this music was created as means of actual propaganda or subsequently as part of reinvented commemorative culture. This article focuses on comparison of the two most recent European armed conflicts, namely 1) the ethnically motivated conflicts in former Yugoslavia between 1992 and 1995/1999, and 2) the interethnic violence followed by Russian military intervention in Ukraine in 2014; the Russo-Ukrainian conflict has not yet been settled and still threatens to escalate. Building on wide range of primary and secondary sources (mainly of Western, Central and South-Eastern European provenience) that has been ignored by a regional scholarship, the paper seeks to provide a contextual background behind the war songs and to compare their prevalent patterns and typology of their inner dynamics and transformations. This paper will not inquire into international, economical or military implications of the aforementioned armed conflicts; it will focus specifically on textual and contextual analysis of those songs. Study brings completely new insights on phenomenon of war songs in East European and former Yugoslav environment and brings much-needed light on the intertwined social, cultural and identity relations that can be established between the former Yugoslav and post-Soviet countries. This topic is very important since state doctrine, national narratives, historical memory affect current and also future development of both regions what is clearly visible on elaborated material.

Populism and Memory: Legislation of the Past in Poland, Ukraine, and Russia

2021 ◽  
pp. 088832542095080
Author(s):  
Nikolay Koposov
Keyword(s):  
Soft Power ◽  
Historical Memory ◽  
Authoritarian Regimes ◽  
Crimes Against Humanity ◽  
National Narratives ◽  
Politics Of Memory ◽  
Democratic Culture ◽  
The Past ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
The Holocaust

This article belongs to the special cluster “Here to Stay: The Politics of History in Eastern Europe”, guest-edited by Félix Krawatzek & George Soroka. The rise of historical memory, which began in the 1970s and 1980s, has made the past an increasingly important soft-power resource. At its initial stage, the rise of memory contributed to the decay of self-congratulatory national narratives and to the formation of a “cosmopolitan” memory centered on the Holocaust and other crimes against humanity and informed by the notion of state repentance for the wrongdoings of the past. Laws criminalizing the denial of these crimes, which were adopted in “old” continental democracies in the 1980s and 1990s, were a characteristic expression of this democratic culture of memory. However, with the rise of national populism and the formation of the authoritarian or semi-authoritarian regimes in Russia, Turkey, Hungary, and Poland in the 2000s and 2010s, the politics of memory has taken a significantly different turn. National populists are remarkably persistent in whitewashing their countries’ history and using it to promote nationalist mobilization. This process has manifested itself in the formation of new types of memory laws, which shift the blame for historical injustices to other countries (the 1998 Polish, the 2000 Czech, the 2010 Lithuanian, the June 2010 Hungarian, and the 2014 Latvian statutes) and, in some cases, openly protect the memory of the perpetrators of crimes against humanity (the 2005 Turkish, the 2014 Russian, the 2015 Ukrainian, the 2006 and the 2018 Polish enactments). The article examines Russian, Polish, and Ukrainian legislation regarding the past that demonstrates the current linkage between populism and memory.

scholarly journals History of sports medicine in east European countries

2015 ◽  
Vol 68 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 59-65
Author(s):  
Biljana Lazovic ◽  
Sanja Mazic ◽  
Marina Djelic ◽  
Jelena Suzic-Lazic ◽  
Radmila Sparic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sports Medicine ◽  
Medical Knowledge ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Cultural Changes ◽  
East European ◽  
Psychological Pressure ◽  
History Of ◽  
Eastern European Countries

The purpose of this article is to provide a historical background of medicine, science and sports with the focus on the development of modern sports medicine in European countries, with an accent on Eastern European countries that have a long sports medicine tradition. The development of modern sports medicine began at the end of 19th and the beginning of 20th century, and it has been associated with social and cultural changes in the world of medicine, science and sports. Advanced medical knowledge, skills and practices, and the progress of scientific achievements enabled sports people to improve their performance level. Increased popularisation and commercialisation of sports have resulted from urbanization and city lifestyle, leading to the lack of physical activity and increased psychological pressure. In addition, the growing need and interest in sports and successes in professional sports have become a symbol of international recognition and prestige for the nations.

Looking at European Sports from an Eastern European Perspective: Football in the Multi-ethnic Polish Territories

2011 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 595-610
Author(s):  
Anke Hilbrenner ◽  
Britta Lenz
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Initial Phase ◽  
Nation State ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
European Perspective ◽  
Sports History ◽  
East European ◽  
Slow Diffusion ◽  
Sporting Culture ◽  
New Research

Until recently, sports history has largely neglected Eastern Europe. Yet new research has shown that historians need to embrace a perspective from the periphery towards the centre, and reach beyond the paradigms of modernization, Sovietization, and the nation-state if Europe's sporting culture is to be fully understood. Focusing primarily on Poland, this article outlines three features peculiar to the region. First, it stresses the importance of trans-national spaces and networks as well as European sub-regions. Missing out on the initial phase of sport's internationalization due to lack of independence, the development of Polish sport was regionally distinct. Sports flourished in Habsburg-ruled Galicia (in Cracow and Lodz especially) under relatively liberal political authorities, but developed more slowly and under different influences elsewhere. Second, the prominence of rural Galicia, inhabited by traditional groups such as Ukrainian peasants or Chassidic Jews, shows that Polish sport did not evolve in line with modernization and industrialization. The relatively slow diffusion of sport in industrial centres such as Warsaw or Silesia contradicts the paradigm of modernization and the notion of East European backwardness. Third, sport history sheds light on phenomena such as multi-ethnicity, migration, integration or disintegration.

Remembering the Finnish sharp-shooter battalion’s involvement in the 1831 Polish-Russian War The controversial legacy of Finland’s first military campaign in the service of Russia

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 111-133
Author(s):  
Jussi Jalonen
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Historical Memory ◽  
Combat Experience ◽  
Russian Military ◽  
Military Campaign ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Military Units

Among the Russian military units assembled for the suppression of the Polish November Uprising was also the Finnish Sharp-Shooter Battalion. The war in Poland was the first combat experience of Finnish soldiers in Russian service. The service of the unit was hailed as a testimony of Finnish loyalty towards the Empire, but it left a mixed legacy. This article discusses the complicated place of the Polish Uprising and Finnish sharp-shooters in Finnish historical memory during the 19th century.

Verwendung, Verleugnung, Wiederentdeckung – Ligeti und ethnische Musiken

2016 ◽  
Vol 57 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 35-47
Author(s):  
Márton Kerékfy
Keyword(s):  
Folk Music ◽  
Creative Work ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Late Period ◽  
Ethnic Music ◽  
East European ◽  
Ambivalent Attitude ◽  
First Time

Regarding György Ligeti’s relation to ethnic music, his oeuvre can be divided into three periods. Until 1956 he used East European folk music in the manner of Hungarian composition of the 1940s and 1950s, but upon leaving Hungary he apparently rejected folkloristic inspiration. In his late period from 1978 on, however, ethnic musics became again central to his creative work, albeit in a basically different way than in his youth. This article provides an overview of Ligeti’s early folkloristic pieces and a brief characterization of his use of elements of Eastern European folklore in Le Grand Macabre, Hungarian Rock, Passacaglia ungherese and the Horn Trio. Finally, it traces back Ligeti’s “lamento melody,” that appears for the first time in the last movement of the Horn Trio, to certain types of the Hungarian folk lament. Ligeti’s references to folklore do not mean an idealization of his past, but are rather signs of an ambivalent attitude toward his own roots, in which nostalgic longing, ironic distancing, and desperate mourning are equally present.

scholarly journals Challenge Management of Banking Services – with Special Reference to Virtual Banking Service Challenges

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 57-66
Author(s):  
J Shifa Fathima
Keyword(s):  
Credit Card ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Internet Banking ◽  
Banking Services ◽  
Service Channel ◽  
Online Transactions ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Banking Service ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Degree Of Satisfaction

The Indian Banking industry is seeing an exceptional challenge. To remain ahead, banks are thinking of plenty of services to draw customers. Services including 24-hours banking, Service at entryway step, Telephone banking, Internet banking, Extended Business Hours (EBH), Speedy handling are just a couple to mention. The larger piece of the present bank transactions happens elsewhere other than in-branch premises. This shows the growth of “virtual” banks in India. With accommodation, speed, productivity, and adequacy, these virtual banks, as a result, have opened up another universe of conceivable outcomes and brought major changes in giving a wide scope of services. Virtual banks are presently observed as a response to the challenge of planning another service channel that is completely secure, useful, and which customers can promptly figure out how to utilize and confide in it. (Aladwani, A, M.) Virtual banking, an amazing “esteem included” instrument, has become the point of convergence for banks to attract and hold customers. However, the point of these services is to satisfy customers; there is a need to comprehend customer mindfulness, observation, and significantly the degree of satisfaction. Virtual banking is a transporter that licenses customers to access and do economic transactions on their financial foundation obligations from their web empowered PC systems with net association with banks’ web locales whenever 24 Hours. Banks assume a vital job in advancing online businesses. Even though V-customers have the alternative of money down, which is by all accounts secure reliable, still there is an inclination for the V-payment plans, which must be given through banks. Banks go about as solid and dependable go-betweens in online transactions, and they give an intense opening in the online business. At present, banks have V-payment systems like Internet banking, electronic fund transfers (NEFT/RTGS), plastic money (credit card and debit card), and portable banking. These systems give payment to online transactions like the online acquisition of items, versatile revives, lodging booking, ticket booking, and so forth by considering a wide range of safety efforts. For the genuine working of these V-services, the need for able frameworks is an unavoidable element. Reserve Bank of India is observing and inspecting the legitimate and different requirements of V-Banking on persistent bases to guarantee that V-banking would create on sound lines, and V-Banking related challenges would not represent a risk to financial dependability. Hence, the present study is on the challenges of Virtual banking services in its challenge management strategies and the study based on secondary sources of data.

scholarly journals McGill University and Quebec City in the 1960s

Fontanus ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter F. McNally
Keyword(s):  
Academic Programs ◽  
Western World ◽  
Quebec City ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Adequate Funding ◽  
Political Upheaval ◽  
Physical Plant ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Mcgill University ◽  
The 1960S

In Canada and throughout the Western world, the 1960s was a tumultuous decade of student unrest and social/political upheaval. For Quebec, the 1960s was also the decade of la Revolution tranquille/Quiet Revolution, when francophone society’s self-definition underwent fundamental change. For McGill University, the decade’s changing environment required enormous adaptation: maintaining and extending academic programs and standards, restructuring governance and administration, expanding the physical plant, accommodating growing enrolment, seeking adequate funding, and adjusting to Quebec’s changing reality. A wide range of primary and secondary sources is available in recounting the story of McGill’s role in Quebec during the 1960s.ResuméAu Canada ainsi que partout ailleurs dans le monde occidental, les années 1960 furent une décénnie d’agitation étudiante et de perturbations sociales et politiques. Au Québec, les années 1960 furent aussi la décénnie de la Révolution tranquille, durant laquelle la manière dont la société francophone se définissait elle-même a subi un changement fondamental. Dans le cas de l’Université McGill, les transformations de l’environnement durant cette période ont nécessité énormément d’adaptation: le maintien et l’expansion des programmes et des normes académiques, la restructuration de la gouvernance et de l’administration, l’agrandissement des installations, l’accomodation du nombre croissant d’inscriptions, les efforts déployés pour assurer un financement adéquat, et l’ajustement de l’Université aux changements vécus par le Québec. Un large éventail de documentation primaire et secondaire est disponible pour relater l’histoire du rôle de McGill au Québec durant les années 1960.

scholarly journals Current Trends in the Development of Public Administration in the Security Field: National and Global Aspects

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 13-22
Author(s):  
Anatolii KALIAIEV
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Historical Memory ◽  
National Level ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
Active Involvement ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Military Conflicts ◽  
European Values

Current trends in public administration are considered in the context of national security imperatives, in particular regarding prevention and elimination of military conflicts, achievement of international understanding and formation of a global security environment. In recent decades, military conflicts of varying intensity and scale, both in Europe and beyond the continent, have remained a potential threat to Ukraine and all European countries. The research methodology is based on a systematic approach, which, in particular, summarizes modern interpretations of public administration and identifies problematic aspects of reforming modern governance structures amid globalization, informatization and democratization of the society and government. The position on the effectiveness and political perspective of democratic reforms is substantiated. Similar processes are observed in public administration in the security field within the democratic trend aimed at developing a dialogue between society and government through the active involvement of a wide range of non-state actors. On the basis of the dialectical method the trends of public administration development in the field of military security are researched and their ambivalence is argued. The global context of the new consolidated view on the protection of the common future of humanity is noted. The axiological method has provided an opportunity to characterize the processes of securitization of socio-political life and to determine the prospects for reducing its conflictogenity. It is consistently held that the most effective and efficient is the combination of three levels of identity in integrated European societies: maintaining strong positions of the customary national level of self-identification, transnational level of common European values and ethnic level of identity - preservation of historical memory.

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