scholarly journals License to Heal: Understanding a Healthcare Platform Organization as a Multi-Level Surveillant Assemblage

M n gement ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Handan Vicdan ◽  
Mar Pérezts ◽  
Asım Fuat Fırat
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Online Communities ◽  
Stakeholder Involvement ◽  
Comprehensive Approach ◽  
Knowledge Generation ◽  
Digital Environments ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
Multi Stakeholder

Platform organizations bring renewed attention to power disparities and risks in the rise of surveillance capitalism. However, such critical accounts provide a partial understanding of the complexity of surveillance phenomena in such shifting socio-technical and digital environments. The findings from a netnographic investigation of a healthcare platform organization, PatientsLikeMe, unravel how platforms become the locus where multi-level flows of surveillance converge, thereby constituting what we identify as a surveillant assemblage. We develop a comprehensive approach for understanding how platforms constitute a dynamic crossroads of micro-, meso- and macro-surveillance phenomena within and beyond the online communities they create. This study highlights this surveillant assemblage’s emerging practices and potentially empowering outcomes that enable multi-stakeholder involvement in big data and knowledge generation in healthcare. Broader implications of multi-level surveillance in and through platforms are discussed.

scholarly journals Researcher perspectives on challenges and opportunities in conservation physiology revealed from an online survey

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine L Madliger ◽  
Oliver P Love ◽  
Vivian M Nguyen ◽  
Neal R Haddaway ◽  
Steven J Cooke
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Stakeholder Involvement ◽  
Reference Ranges ◽  
Conservation Science ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Conservation Action ◽  
Conservation Physiology ◽  
Biodiversity Crisis ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Multi Stakeholder

Abstract Conservation physiology represents a recently emerging arm of conservation science that applies physiological tools and techniques to understand and solve conservation issues. While a multi-disciplinary toolbox can only help to address the global biodiversity crisis, any field can face challenges while becoming established, particularly highly applied disciplines that require multi-stakeholder involvement. Gaining first-hand knowledge of the challenges that conservation physiologists are facing can help characterize the current state of the field and build a better foundation for determining how it can grow. Through an online survey of 468 scientists working at the intersection of physiology and conservation, we aimed to identify characteristics of those engaging in conservation physiology research (e.g. demographics, primary taxa of study), gauge conservation physiology’s role in contributing to on-the-ground conservation action, identify the perceived barriers to achieving success and determine how difficult any identified barriers are to overcome. Despite all participants having experience combining physiology and conservation, only one-third considered themselves to be ‘conservation physiologists’. Moreover, there was a general perception that conservation physiology does not yet regularly lead to tangible conservation success. Respondents identified the recent conceptualization of the field and the broader issue of adequately translating science into management action as the primary reasons for these deficits. Other significant barriers that respondents have faced when integrating physiology and conservation science included a lack of funding, logistical constraints (e.g. sample sizes, obtaining permits) and a lack of physiological baseline data (i.e. reference ranges of a physiological metric’s ‘normal’ or pre-environmental change levels). We identified 12 actions based on suggestions of survey participants that we anticipate will help deconstruct the barriers and continue to develop a narrative of physiology that is relevant to conservation science, policy and practice.

scholarly journals Multi-Level Relationships between Satellite-Derived Nighttime Lighting Signals and Social Media–Derived Human Population Dynamics

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ting Ma
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Big Data ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Human Population ◽  
City Size ◽  
Human Settlements ◽  
Good Opportunity ◽  
Nighttime Light ◽  
Multi Level

Satellite-based measurements of the artificial nighttime light brightness (NTL) have been extensively used for studying urbanization and socioeconomic dynamics in a temporally consistent and spatially explicit manner. The increasing availability of geo-located big data detailing human population dynamics provides a good opportunity to explore the association between anthropogenic nocturnal luminosity and corresponding human activities, especially at fine time/space scales. In this study, we used Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) day/night band (DNB)–derived nighttime light images and the gridded number of location requests (NLR) from China’s largest social media platform to investigate the quantitative relationship between nighttime light radiances and human population dynamics across China at four levels: the provincial, city, county, and pixel levels. Our results show that the linear relationship between the NTL and NLR might vary with the observation level and magnitude. The dispersion between the two variables likely increases with the observation scale, especially at the pixel level. The effect of spatial autocorrelation and other socioeconomic factors on the relationship should be taken into account for nighttime light-based measurements of human activities. Furthermore, the bivariate relationship between the NTL and NLR was employed to generate a partition of human settlements based on the combined features of nighttime lights and human population dynamics. Cross-regional comparisons of the partitioned results indicate a diverse co-distribution of the NTL and NLR across various types of human settlements, which could be related to the city size/form and urbanization level. Our findings may provide new insights into the multi-level responses of nighttime light signals to human activity and the potential application of nighttime light data in association with geo-located big data for investigating the spatial patterns of human settlement.

New Modes of Governance and Democratic Accountability

2011 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 126-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrienne Héritier ◽  
Dirk Lehmkuhl
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Civil Society ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Stakeholder Involvement ◽  
Strict Sense ◽  
Democratic Accountability ◽  
Public Policy Making ◽  
Multi Stakeholder ◽  
Modes Of Governance ◽  
New Modes Of Governance

AbstractThis article raises the question of the link between new modes of governance and democratic accountability. Our definition of new modes of governance as modes refers to public policy-making that includes private actors and/or public policy-making by public actors that takes place outside legislative arenas, and which focuses on delimited sectoral or functional areas. We identify three different ways in which new modes of governance can be subjected to democratic control: parliamentary control, multi-stakeholder involvement and control through the public sphere and civil society at large. Building on a number of the illustrative insights from various empirical projects, we find that, in our cases at least, new modes of governance did not have a negative effect on existing patterns of democratic accountability. At the same time, neither multi-stakeholder policies nor the participation of civil society guarantee democratic accountability in the strict sense. We provide some evidence to the effect that, if institutionally linked to democratically elected governmental bodies – meaning, in this context, the European Parliament – it is more likely that negative externalities deriving from public policy-making in functionally segmented arenas of the European Union's multilevel polity will be dealt with in a more systematic way.

Impact of Big Data on Security

2018 ◽  
pp. 326-350
Author(s):  
Kasarapu Ramani
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Security And Privacy ◽  
End User ◽  
Sensitive Data ◽  
Insider Threats ◽  
Security Issues ◽  
Commercial Importance ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
Access Privileges

Big data has great commercial importance to major businesses, but security and privacy challenges are also daunting this storage, processing, and communication. Big data encapsulate organizations' most important and sensitive data with multi-level complex implementation. The challenge for any organization is securing access to the data while allowing end user to extract valuable insights. Unregulated access privileges to the big data leads to loss or theft of valuable and sensitive. Privilege escalation leads to insider threats. Also, the computing architecture of big data is not focusing on session recording; therefore, it is becoming a challenge to identify potential security issues and to take remedial and mitigation mechanisms. Therefore, various big data security issues and their defense mechanisms are discussed in this chapter.

Guidelines for Working Collaboratively in Virtual Teams

2020 ◽  
pp. 68-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shelley Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Teams ◽  
Online Communities ◽  
Virtual Team ◽  
Team Collaboration ◽  
Educational Administrators ◽  
Technological Tools ◽  
Digital Environments

As virtual teams continue to become more prevalent, educational administrators, faculty, and other members of online communities must discover and employ guidelines for effectively collaborating in online contexts. Applying the same traditional team strategies to those working in dispersed groups of people may hinder communication and prevent optimal results. In today's world, teams need to execute and learn at the same time. It is time to re-define what constitutes a (virtual) team and consider new avenues for cooperating in an increasingly diverse, global, and continuously “plugged-in” society. A set of practical steps for why and how virtual teams can collaborate in digital environments is presented. Tips for implementing the steps are provided. An analysis of technological tools available for facilitating online team collaboration is also shared.

A Model for Global Governance of Platforms

2021 ◽  
pp. 255-279
Author(s):  
Robert Fay
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Big Data ◽  
Global Governance ◽  
Social Contact ◽  
Economic Prosperity ◽  
Digital Platforms ◽  
Work Shop ◽  
Multi Stakeholder ◽  
Governance Arrangements ◽  
Current Governance

Digital platforms such as Google, Facebook, Twitter, Amazon, and a more recent entrant, Zoom, have provided core societal functions that have enabled us to work, shop, educate ourselves and our children, run businesses, maintain social contact, and receive and disseminate information. At the same time, the uses of these technologies have led to elevated concerns in areas such as surveillance, cyber risks, democracy, public health, competition and monopoly power, and economic prosperity. Current governance arrangements are incoherent and fragmented nationally and internationally—where they even exist. At the same time, they typically reflect vested state and corporate interests that can be very difficult to challenge. The way forward is to create a new institution for the digital realm: a Digital Stability Board (DSB) that would be a multi-stakeholder forum with a remit to create global governance for big data, AI, and the digital platforms, while allowing national variation to reflect different values and cultures while avoiding a race to the bottom in governance. Taking concerted and coordinated action on global governance under a structure such as a DSB will help to ensure that the benefits of the platforms are magnified, and the risks minimized individually and globally.

The Role of Big Data in Digital Marketing

2021 ◽  
pp. 16-33
Author(s):  
Neslihan Cavlak ◽  
Ruziye Cop
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Big Data Analytics ◽  
Digital Marketing ◽  
Business Success ◽  
Sustainable Business ◽  
Marketing Environment ◽  
Digital Environments ◽  
Digital Channels

Consumers perform their activities through digital channels more often as a result of technological advancements where those advancements also allow marketers to reach excessive information about consumers, store them, and use them whenever and however they consider necessary. These big data provide businesses to understand the unmet demands and expectations of consumers and achieve a sustainable business success. Despite the importance of big data analytics for marketing of businesses, research on this issue is scarce. In order to contribute the literature, the purpose of this chapter is to reveal the importance of big data in the digital marketing environment. In line with this purpose, a comprehensive literature review including the definition, components, sources of big data, and the role of big data in digital environments and the examples of businesses using big data is undertaken.

Perspectives of Big Data Analysis for Knowledge Generation in Project Management Contexts

2015 ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Leal Jamil ◽  
Luiz Fernando Magalhães Carvalho
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Knowledge Management ◽  
Project Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Knowledge Generation ◽  
Process Data ◽  
Management Processes ◽  
Final Study ◽  
Study Case ◽  
Applicable Knowledge

Knowledge generation for Project Management (PM) is a critical modern issue. Projects are a complex, inter-related set of tasks that aim to provide a service or product in a controlled, managed way. In these scenarios, there is a continuous producing of data and information, which is a potential situation for Knowledge Management (KM) interaction. This chapter evaluates aspects and factors on how it is possible to process data and information, in order to generate applicable knowledge to improve project management. A specific consideration is to understand the observation of contexts of huge amounts of data—known nowadays as Big Data—and its potential knowledge generation for project management, as presented in the final study case. A better comprehension on how knowledge management practices, applied to Big Data contexts, can improve project management processes is the main objective in this chapter.

It Takes a Village to Implement a Judgment: Creating a Forum for Multi-Stakeholder Involvement in the Czech Republic

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 193-198
Author(s):  
Vít Alexander Schorm
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Stakeholder Involvement ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
European Court ◽  
National Implementation ◽  
Protection Of Human Rights ◽  
The Government ◽  
Multi Stakeholder

Abstract In this practice note, the Government Agent of the Czech Republic before the European Court of Human Rights and other international bodies for the protection of human rights reflects on national implementation, with the help of selected examples.

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