scholarly journals European experience of strengthening cyber security capacities in modern conditions

2021 ◽  
pp. 106-113
Author(s):  
O. KUZNIETSOV
Keyword(s):  
Cyber Security ◽  
Digital Transformation ◽  
Security Strategy ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
European Legislation ◽  
European Experience ◽  
Legal Mechanism ◽  
The Eu

The novelties of the European legislation in the sphere of cybersecurity are reviewed. Prospects for digitalization in the EU are summarized. The provisions of the EU Cyber Security Strategy for 2021 – 2027 and the Digital Compass Roadmap are considered. Basic principles and priorities of a common European digital policy are defined. The strategy targets and avenues for a successful digital transformation of Europe by 2030 are detailed. The organizational and legal mechanism for introducing the cyber sanctions regime in the EU has been revealed. The directions of the cooperation between Ukraine and EU in the sphere of cybersecurity are identified.

Hacking humanitarians: Defining the cyber perimeter and developing a cyber security strategy for international humanitarian organizations in digital transformation

2020 ◽  
Vol 102 (913) ◽  
pp. 367-387
Author(s):  
Massimo Marelli
Keyword(s):  
Cyber Security ◽  
Armed Conflict ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
International Committee ◽  
Digital Transformation ◽  
Red Cross ◽  
Digital Environment ◽  
Security Strategy ◽  
Humanitarian Action ◽  
Humanitarian Organizations

AbstractDigitalization and new technologies have an increasingly important role in today's humanitarian activities. As humanitarian organizations become more active in and reliant on new and digital technologies, they evolve from being simple bystanders to being fully fledged stakeholders in cyberspace, vulnerable to adverse cyber operations that could impact on their capacity to protect and assist people affected by armed conflict or other situations of violence.This shift makes it essential for humanitarian organizations to understand and properly map their resulting cyber perimeter. Humanitarian organizations can protect themselves and their activities by devising appropriate cyber strategies for the digital environment. Clearly defining the digital boundaries within which they carry out operations lays the groundwork for humanitarian organizations to develop a strategy to support and protect humanitarian action in the digital environment, channel available resources to where they are most needed, and understand the areas in which their operational dialogue and working modalities need to be adapted for cyberspace.The purpose of this article is to identify the unique problems facing international humanitarian organizations operating in cyberspace and to suggest ways to address them. More specifically, the article identifies the key elements that an international humanitarian organization should consider in developing a cyber security strategy. Throughout, the International Committee of the Red Cross and its specificities are used as an example to illustrate the problems identified and the possible ways to address them.

scholarly journals Current issues of cyber threat risk assessment: analysis of foreign experience

2021 ◽  
pp. 106-112
Author(s):  
O. РАNСНENKO
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Cyber Security ◽  
Threat Assessment ◽  
Security Strategy ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Assessment Systems ◽  
Cyber Threat ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
National Systems ◽  
Local Levels

The article considers topical issues of cyber threat risk assessment. It contains an analysis of the Law “On Basic Principles for providing of Cyber Security of Ukraine”, the Cyber Security Strategy of Ukraine and other legislative acts for providing on cyber security. The main approaches to determining the assessment of cyber threats are considered. The best examples of foreign practice of cyber threat risk assessment are analyzed, the most effective national systems of their assessment are revealed. It is concluded that multi-level risk and threat assessment systems are most effective when the relevant analysis is conducted at both the national and regional and/or local levels.

scholarly journals Cybersecurity in the European Union

2018 ◽  
Vol 331 ◽  
pp. 313-323
Author(s):  
Andreas Düll ◽  
Anja Schoch ◽  
Matthias Straub
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Cyber Security ◽  
Denial Of Service ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Security Strategy ◽  
Current State ◽  
Recommendations For Action ◽  
Cyber Crimes ◽  
German Bundestag ◽  
The Eu

The coordinated Denial of Service attacks in Estonia 2007, the successful hacker attacks against the German Bundestag 2015 and the increasing number of cyber-crimes challenge the European Union (EU). In order to overcome these challenges the EU initiated a cyber security strategy in 2013. This paper follows up the question, whether the measures of this strategy are adequate in order to tackle the challenges of the cyberspace in modern times and which improvements can be done. The focus will rely on the analysis of the EU’s cyber security strategy 2013 as well as its advancement of 2017. The three issues ‘cyber resilience‘, ‘reducing cybercrime’ and ‘cyber defence policy and capabilities’ shall be analyzed. The unlimited sphere of the cyberspace, the invisible and barely identifiable opponents and the focus on national regulations seem to be an unsolved dilemma in the EU. After analyzing the current state, the paper shall formulate future recommendations for action to postulate an improved ‘pooling and sharing’ as well as the coordination and involvement of existing member states’ cyber capabilities. The devolution of responsibilities regarding cyber security to the EU stage is desirable in order to increase the European potency, because a divided EU will have great difficulties enforcing its interests over attacking opponents.

scholarly journals National cyber security strategies: management, unification and assessment

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2341
Author(s):  
Darius Štitilis ◽  
Irmantas Rotomskis ◽  
Marius Laurinaitis ◽  
Sergiy Nadvynychnyy ◽  
Nadiya Khorunzhak
Keyword(s):  
Cyber Security ◽  
Security Policy ◽  
National Level ◽  
Evaluation Tool ◽  
Security Strategy ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Strategy Evaluation ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Optimum Balance ◽  
The Eu

Cyber security has become an important issue both on the EU and the national level. Cyber security is now perceived as a part of national security. The newly emerging cyber security policy, comprising national cyber security strategies as an important constituent part, has been recently paid considerable attention. Speaking of national cyber security strategies, a positive thing is that the majority of EU member states have already approved such strategies. However, the approved strategies differ considerably in terms of their content and implementation. The present article aims at identifying reasons for differences in individual national strategies and analyses aspects of their unifications in expectation to find out an optimum balance between the degree of unification and the need to retain differences arising from intrinsic national singularities. To this end, the article analyses the issue of national cyber security on the basis of Lithuania's cyber security strategy as a sample in the context of ENISA good practices for the development of cyber security strategies and by application of ENISA developed KPIs and testing ENISA cyber security strategy evaluation tool. Finally, the article suggests recommendations on further development of national cyber security strategies in terms of their unification and national singularities.

scholarly journals Principles of application sanitary and phytosanitary measures: WTO and EU requirements

2020 ◽  
pp. 128-134
Author(s):  
Nataliia Karpinska
Keyword(s):  
Main Body ◽  
Most Favored Nation ◽  
National Treatment ◽  
Scientific Validity ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Legal Principles ◽  
European Legislation ◽  
Phytosanitary Measures ◽  
Social Environmental ◽  
The Eu

Problem setting. The study highlights the basic principles that reflect the basic principles of regulating the application of sanitary and phytosanitary measures under WTO law through the prism of EU requirements: the principles of independence, non-discrimination, scientific validity, national treatment, most-favored-nation treatment, transparency, harmonization. Target of research. The main target of this research is to analyze the principles that reflect the basic principles of regulating the application of SPS under WTO law: the principles of independence, non-discrimination, scientific validity, national treatment, most-favored-nation treatment, transparency, harmonization and their extrapolation into EU law. Analysis of recent researches and publications. The following scientists were engaged in research of issues: V. Nosik, A. Stativka, A. Dukhnevych, H. Grigorieva, G. Mamyshov, S. Komendantov, N. Chuiko, T. Gulyaeva, M. Popov, A. Popova and others. Article`s main body. Considering that the legal principles of application of sanitary and phytosanitary measures, which are provided by WTO law, are binding on Ukraine and the EU, and they are based on domestic and European legislation in this area, as well as noting that their direction and content these principles are heterogeneous, they are divided into two groups: the principle of independence (the principle of sovereignty) and anti-protectionist principle. The principles of the second group are aimed at a single goal – to restrict the sovereign freedom of the state to decide on sanitary and phytosanitary measures in its territory or sanitary and phytosanitary measures on products that enter (import) into its territory. In the system of anti-protectionist principles of WTO law, the basic component (principle of non-discrimination), regime component (principles of national regime and most-favored-nation regime), information component (principle of transparency) and substantive component (principles of scientific substantiation and harmonization) are singled out. Developed and politically strong countries, taking into account their own economic, social, environmental and other risks, choose different strategies to protect their own interests, among which the most popular is the strategy of increasing the requirements for sanitary and phytosanitary measures on the basis of scientifically sound data. Conclusions and prospects for the development. The legal principles of application of sanitary and phytosanitary measures, which are provided by WTO law, are binding on Ukraine and the EU, and are based on domestic and European legislation in this area. The conclusion that the most popular are: the strategy of increasing the requirements for sanitary and phytosanitary measures on the basis of scientifically based data and the politically sound decision to ignore some requirements and anti-protectionist principles is substantiated.

scholarly journals Transformation of the EU migration policy at the beginning of the XXI century

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 15-24
Author(s):  
М. М. Шелемба
Keyword(s):  
Migration Policy ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Security Measures ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Illegal Migrants ◽  
Methodical Approach ◽  
Migration Flows ◽  
Migration Crisis ◽  
Legal Mechanism ◽  
The Eu

The main features of the transformation of the EU migration policy in the beginning of the XXI century were systematized. The author’s methodical approach, based on the use of comparative analysis, statistical analysis, the method of content analysis of the discourse of the provisions of the legal mechanism (the basic principles of rules and directives), discourse analysis, is used to carry out the research. The assessment showed the complexity, thoroughness, scientific novelty of the proposed author’s methodical approach regarding the analysis of the effectiveness of the transformation of the EU migration policy in the early twenty-first century. It was established that according to the first stage of the analysis it was determined: intensification of migration flows, connected with factors of deterioration of political, socio-economic situation in some regions of the world; the growth of the split in terms of the soundness, expediency of the basic principles of the super-state migration policy. The research at the second stage of the analysis, devoted to the study of the situation after reforming the legal mechanism of the regulation of migration policy, made it possible to identify: the reduction of migration flows (especially illegal ones) after the changes of the legal mechanism of regulation of migration policy in the EU; improvement of the main migration procedures in the EU; improving the external position of the European Union as an effective supranational organization with the potential and capabilities for managing migration. The assessment showed that changes in the legal mechanism for regulating the migration crisis in the EU have determined the following policy areas in this area: responding to current problems and finding possible ways and strategies for solving the migration crisis (emergency measures for the rescue of migrants in the Mediterranean, the allocation of additional funds for rescue operations, the coordination of enhanced security measures, which required the mandatory removal of fingerprints from all migrants who arrived in the EU, as well as the accelerated process of deportation of illegal migrants or those who were refused asylum; involvement in the suspension of migration flows and the development of illegal migration into the EU of third countries in order to optimize and ensure effective results); the formation of a more effective system of migration legislation at the pan-European level as a whole (continuation of Turkey’s involvement in the settlement of illegal migrants; Reforming the pan-European asylum system). It is proved that these reforms were declared at the level of the provisions of the legal mechanism and implemented at the practical level.

scholarly journals Mediation: european experience, ukrainian realities and prospects

Legal Ukraine ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 6-9
Author(s):  
Iryna Hermakivska
Keyword(s):  
Legal System ◽  
Corporate Law ◽  
European Countries ◽  
European Policy ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Member States ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
European Experience ◽  
Legislative Regulation ◽  
The Eu

Тhe lack of consolidation and legislative regulation of mediation in the system of Ukrainian legislation is the reason for the narrowing of the spectrum of alternative ways of resolving disputes in comparison with the EU Member States. Taking into account the pro-European policy of Ukraine and relying on current legal realities, we aim to formulate the concept of introducing mediation into the legal system of Ukraine on the basis of research and use of European experience in this field as a basis. The article outlines the basic principles of mediation recognized by European countries and proposes the best ways to solve the problem of the lack of legislative consolidation of mediation as a subject of corporate law.

LEGAL ANALYSIS OF THE CURRENT SITUATION AND TRENDS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF EU AND UKRAINE LEGISLATION IN THE FIELD OF CYBER SECURITY

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daryna Kosinova ◽  
◽  
Kateryna Ivchuk ◽  
Oleksandr Cherniavskyi ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cyber Security ◽  
Security Policy ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Internet Security ◽  
The Internet ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Security Strategy ◽  
Member States ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
The Eu

The article is devoted to the issue of settling relations on the implementation of cyber security policy in the European Union and Ukraine. The leading role of the EU in the process of determining the key directions of cyber policy in the EU member states, as well as the steps of Ukraine in this area in the course of European integration reforms are studied. The authors analyze the system of normative acts of EU institutions in the field of cybersecurity, including, in particular, strategic documents containing general guidelines for policy implementation, as well as binding regulations and directives, the provisions of which specify mechanisms for implementing cyber policy in EU member states. The main normative documents of the EU in the field of cyber security of both states and private consumers of digital services on the Internet have been identified. The formation of a secure digital market in the EU in the context of the implementation of certification schemes for digital products and services, as well as the regulatory and institutional framework for combating fraud on the Internet are analyzed. The main opportunities, means of implementation and EU institutions responsible for the functioning of the secure European cyberspace, in particular the EU Cyber Security Agency (ENISA), are explored. In the context of the adoption of the new EU Cyber Security Strategy for the next 10 years, future EU steps in the field of cyber security are identified, such as accelerating the implementation of key Internet security standards, application and rapid completion of 5G technologies, cyber intelligence, etc. The authors analyze the system of legal acts of Ukraine in the field of national cybersecurity. The shortcomings of the regulatory and legal regulation of cybersecurity and the implementation of regulations of national legislation are identified. In addition, the authors note the positive developments in the implementation of cyber policy in Ukraine, including the development of the Cyber Security Strategy of Ukraine for 2021-2025.

European experience in transition to circular economy

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 598-617 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.V. Ratner
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
National Level ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
European Experience ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
The Eu

Subject. The article considers the concept of circular economy, which has originated relatively recently in the academic literature, and is now increasingly recognized in many countries at the national level. In the European Union, the transition to circular economy is viewed as an opportunity to improve competitiveness of the European Union, protect businesses from resource shortages and fluctuating prices for raw materials and supplies, and a way to increase employment and innovation. Objectives. The aim of the study is to analyze the incentives developed by the European Commission for moving to circular economy, and to assess their effectiveness on the basis of statistical analysis. Methods. I employ general scientific methods of research. Results. The analysis of the EU Action Plan for the Circular Economy enabled to conclude that the results of the recent research in circular economy barriers, eco-innovation, technology and infrastructure were successfully integrated into the framework of this document. Understanding the root causes holding back the circular economy development and the balanced combination of economic and administrative incentives strengthened the Action Plan, and it contributed to the circular economy development in the EU. Conclusions. The measures to stimulate the development of the circular economy proposed in the European Action Plan can be viewed as a prototype for designing similar strategies in other countries, including Russia. Meanwhile, a more detailed analysis of barriers to the circular economy at the level of individual countries and regions is needed.

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