scholarly journals In the Era of Climate Change: Moving Beyond Conventional Agriculture in Thailand

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Suyeon Lee ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Organic Farming ◽  
Organic Agriculture ◽  
Agricultural Cooperatives ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Conventional Agriculture ◽  
Climate Resilience ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Market Opportunities ◽  
The Government

Thailand is ranked among the top 10 countries most vulnerable to climate change, and its farmers have faced the risk of natural disasters almost every year for nearly 30 years. However, those affected by climate change have also been the largest contributors to climate change, increasing the risks they will face in the near future. The intensive use of chemical pesticides in conventional agriculture has harmed not only the environment and biodiversity but health of both users and consumers. Responding to these problems, several policies have been put in place over the past decades to reduce pesticide usage as well as to encourage farmers to switch to low-carbon and low-pesticide agriculture, namely, organic agriculture. This study reviews policies related to the development of organic agriculture in Thailand and examines whether organic agriculture is an effective adaptation and mitigation strategy to climate change that can also generate enough food. This study finds that the organic sector has been largely driven by the private sector, particularly the agricultural cooperatives and non-governmental organizations (NGOs), which have provided various support ranging from technology transfer, production, financing, distribution, to marketing of organic products. Their role is vital in encouraging farmers to switch to organic farming and growing market opportunities for organic goods. Nevertheless, constraints including inconsistent policies and limited support from the government remain, which, to some extent, weakens the efforts to build sustainable agriculture and climate resilience. To improve organic farming, there is a need for the government agencies to work together with all relevant stakeholders in the organic sector, namely agricultural cooperatives, NGOs, and consumers.

scholarly journals Organic farming in Nepal: A viable option for food security and agricultural sustainability

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-230
Author(s):  
Sovit Parajuli ◽  
Jiban Shrestha ◽  
Sabita Ghimire
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Organic Farming ◽  
Organic Agriculture ◽  
External Input ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Agricultural Sustainability ◽  
Market Demand ◽  
Viable Option ◽  
Conventional Agriculture ◽  
The Government

Increasing use of agrochemicals, higher production cost and deterioration of ecosystem health have advocated the need to change the traditional and external input using agriculture towards safe and sustainable organic production. The article reviewed on general overview of organic agriculture in Nepal. The article aims to put light on the current scenario of the dawdling-paced organic agriculture and the options to revive the pesticide dominated conventional agriculture. Promotion of organic agriculture was first appeared as a priority in the10th Five Year Plan of the Government of Nepal. Now it has been embedded in the national agricultural policy. Organic agriculture provides benefits in terms of environmental protection, conservation of nonrenewable resources, improved food quality, improve health status and the reorientation of agriculture towards areas of market demand. Various institutions, individuals and farmers are engaging in organic farming. Nepal is exporting organic products to international markets. The adoption of organic agriculture increases agricultural production and improves soil health and consumer health and seems a better option in countries like ours where fortunately integrated crop-livestock system is still prevalent. It is found to be viable option for better livelihood in the context of Nepal. Because the haphazard pesticide use has marred the conventional agriculture, all these contexts gesture this system to be scrutinize thoroughly and supplanted by organic farming system as a viable option towards food security and agricultural sustainability.

scholarly journals Perspectives of Organic Agriculture and Policy Concerns in Nepal

2009 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 103-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deepak Mani Pokhrel ◽  
Kishor Prasad Pant
Keyword(s):  
Organic Farming ◽  
Organic Agriculture ◽  
Policy Instruments ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Conventional Agriculture ◽  
Organic Certification ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
The Government ◽  
Marketing Information

Agriculture production worldwide has been intensified with a simultaneous expansion in pesticides,fertilizers and other agro-chemicals use to meet growing peoples' demands for food. Indiscriminate use of agrochemicals has however resulted in several problems such as pests' resistance to pesticides and resurgence due to elimination of natural enemies, toxic residues in food, water, air and soil, degrading soil environment and ecosystem, animal and human health hazards and ultimate economic losses. Realizing the facts, organic farming is becoming popular recently, and there have been growing concerns on its importance and promotion in number of countries irrespective of their stage of development. Consequently, farming system paradigms have now shifted from mere increased production and productivity to resource sustainability and eco-friendly production techniques in their emphasis. Higher cost due to agro-chemicals and resulting environmental losses incurred in conventional agriculture on one side and higher advantages of ecological diversities available in the country on the other have proved that Nepal has high potentialities and  comparative advantages of producing quality organic products. A high majority of mountain farmers in Nepal, excluding a few of the agricultural pockets where so-called commercial agriculture has already introduced, do not use any chemicals. Owing to globally increasing trend of demand for organic food, Nepal can benefit from such exports. The government based on some of its policy instruments is also committed to promoting organic farming in the country. However, the instruments are inadequate and not well integrated. Inadequate research, extension services and manpower especially on production and marketing information and input supply have hindered promotion of organic agriculture. Organic product legislation, standardization, certification and infrastructure in such development are also major issues of policy concerns.Key words: Organic-certification; Organic-farming; Organic-standard; Policy; Nepal; etc.The Journal of Agriculture and Environment Vol:10, Jun.2009 Page: 103-115

scholarly journals PENGEMBANGAN DESA SENTRA ORGANIC FARMING DI DESA RENDENG, GEBANG, PURWOREJO

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 295
Author(s):  
Budi Setiawan ◽  
Zulfanita Zulfanita ◽  
Didik Widiyantono ◽  
Sugeng Eko Putro Widoyoko
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Organic Farming ◽  
Community Service ◽  
Organic Agriculture ◽  
Education For Sustainable Development ◽  
Community Empowerment ◽  
Conventional Agriculture ◽  
Community Environment ◽  
Institutional Strengthening ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRAKKesadaran petani akan dampak dari penggunaan pupuk atau pestisida kimia dalam pertanian konvensional sangat rendah. Penurunan kualitas lingkungan seperti berkurangnya serangga, penurunan kesuburan tanah, penurunan kualitas air, udara dan polusi tanah disebabkan oleh penggunaan bahan kimia dalam pertanian konvensional. Salah satu yang dapat dijadikan solusi untuk mengatasi kondisi ini adalah pengembangan pertanian organik (organic farming). Program Pengabdian Masyarakat dilaksanakan di desa Rendeng, kecamatan Gebang, kabupaten Purworejo bertujuan untuk menjadikan desa Rendeng sebagai kawasan pertanian, peternakan dan perikanan berbasis organic farming. Mitra dalam pelaksanan pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah kelompok tani Ngudi Makmur dengan anggota 30 orang.  Metode yang digunakan adalah Education for Sustainable Development (EfSD) merupakan salah satu metode pengabdian kepada masyarakat yang berorientasi pada penyelesaian masalah pada lingkungan masyarakat. Metode EfSD menekankan pada 3 pilar yaitu ekonomi, ekologi atau lingkungan dan sosial. Program kegiatan yang dilaksanakan secara garis besar meliputi, 1) pemberdayaan masyarakat melalui penguatan kelembagaan dan peningkatan kualitas sumber daya manusia,2) Penumbuhan dan pengembangan budidaya pertanian, dan perikanan berbasis organic farming, 3) peningkatan produksi, pengolahan dan pemasaran hasil pertanian dan perikanan. Hasil pengabdian masyarakat ini berupa penguatan kelembagaan Kelompok Tani  Ngudi Makmur beraktifitas dengan aktif, adanya program kegiatan dan sosialisasi serta pelatihan serta pembinaan         pengetahuan dan pengalaman  kelompok  tani dalam pengembangan pertanian dan perikanan organik. Kata kunci : organic farming; pertanian; perikanan; education for sustainable development. ABSTRACTFarmers' awareness of the impact of using chemical fertilizers or pesticides in conventional agriculture is very low. Environmental quality degradation such as reduced DR, decreased air quality, air pollution is caused by the use of chemicals in conventional agriculture. One of the solutions to overcome this condition is the development of organic agriculture (organic farming). The Community Service Program implemented in Rendeng village, Gebang District, Purworejo Regency aims to make Rendeng village an organic agriculture-based agricultural, livestock and fishery area. Partners in implementing this community service are the Ngudi Makmur farmer group with 30 members. The method used is Education for Sustainable Development (EfSD), which is a community service method that is oriented towards solving problems in the community environment. The EfSD method emphasizes 3 pillars, namely economic, ecological or environmental and social. The program of activities carried out in outline includes, 1) community empowerment through institutional strengthening and improvement of the quality of human resources, 2) cultivation and development of agricultural and fisheries based on organic agriculture, 3) increasing production, processing and marketing of agricultural and fishery products. The results of this community service are in the form of institutional strengthening of the Ngudi Makmur Farmer Group to be actively active, the existence of a program of activities and outreach as well as training as well as fostering knowledge and experience of farmer groups in developing organic agriculture and fisheries. Keywords : organic farming; agriculture; fishery; education for sustainable development.

scholarly journals SIGNIFICANCE OF COOPERATION FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF ORGANIC AGRICULTURE

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 27-32
Author(s):  
Olha Alieksieieva
Keyword(s):  
Organic Farming ◽  
Organic Agriculture ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
The United States ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Conventional Agriculture ◽  
Cooperative Movement ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of the article is to study the impact of the basic principles and benefits of the development of cooperative movement on the development of organic agricultural production, as well as to determine the role of cooperation in the development of organic entrepreneurship. Methodology. The author has used the methods of analysis and synthesis, the method of statistical grouping and comparison, induction and deduction, structural and functional approach to solve the problems and achieve the goals. The study is based on the comparative analysis and synthesis of scientific literature. Results. Organic food is increasing in popularity. The growing demand is mainly attributable to consumer concerns about negative implications of conventional agriculture for human health and the environment. Organic agriculture has a great potential to neutralize a negative impact of agricultural intensification on the environment. The article describes the concept and analyzes the current state of cooperation in agriculture. It is found that during the period under the research, the number of registered cooperatives has increased by almost 45%. The concepts of organic agriculture and organic production are clarified. The dynamics of agricultural lands engaged in organic production and the number of certified organic farms in Ukraine are studied. It is indicated that the consumption of organic products in Ukraine is much lower than in the European countries and the United States. The advantages of introducing a cooperative movement in the field of organic agriculture are identified. Being part of a cooperative helps small farms to be able to produce enough to generate profits and ensure their substance, which is an opportunity to compete with larger companies. Risks arising in the process of establishing organic cooperatives are outlined considering the international experience. It is concluded that efficient organic farming cooperatives can support local and export markets, stimulate production efficiency and promote local logistics. Practical implications. The advantages of consolidation of enterprises and entrepreneurs in the field of organic agriculture on the basis of cooperation can be used for the development of state programs to support the cooperative movement in organic farming. Value/originality. Views on the organization of production, processing and logistics activities of organic agricultural producers through the introduction of cooperatives have been expanded.

scholarly journals Impact of Paramparagath Krishi Vikas Yojana (an organic agriculture scheme of government of India), National Institute of Agricultural Extension Management (MANAGE), Rajendranagar, Hyderabad – 500030, Telangana State, India. 81 pp.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Amarender Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Organic Agriculture ◽  
Agricultural Extension ◽  
Conventional Agriculture ◽  
Net Returns ◽  
Fund Flow ◽  
Local Initiatives ◽  
The Government ◽  
Certified Organic ◽  
Implementation Problems ◽  
The Impact

This report examines the impact of the government of India’s organic agriculture scheme – Paramparagat Krishi Vikas Yojana (PKVY). Since the2015-16, the Government of India is promoting organic agriculture under PKVY scheme through the promotion of Participatory Guarantee Scheme (PGS) certified organic clusters. Under PKVY, clusters will be supported by notified regional councils to provide PGS certification. Although the progress is uneven across states, it has the potential for growth in rain fed, remote and hilly areas. There are some implementation problems like lack of local initiatives, lags in fund flow. Due to the practice of organic agriculture, the costs were lower by 10-12 per cent when compared to conventional agriculture, but yields were also lower by 4-5 per cent, the net result is higher net returns by about 10-15 per cent depending on the crop and area. More focus needs to be given for the vertical expansion of the area in identified zones like hilly areas.

scholarly journals Impact Study of Paramparagath Krishi Vikas Yojana (organic agriculture), National Institute of Agricultural Extension Management (MANAGE), Rajendranagar, Hyderabad – 500030, Telangana State, India. 81.pp

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Amarender Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Organic Agriculture ◽  
Impact Study ◽  
Conventional Agriculture ◽  
Net Returns ◽  
Fund Flow ◽  
Local Initiatives ◽  
The Government ◽  
Certified Organic ◽  
Implementation Problems ◽  
The Impact

This report examines the impact of the government of India’s organic agriculture scheme – Paramparagat Krishi Vikas Yojana (PKVY). Since the2015-16, the Government of India is promoting organic agriculture under PKVY scheme through the promotion of Participatory Guarantee Scheme (PGS) certified organic clusters. Under PKVY, clusters will be supported by notified regional councils to provide PGS certification. Although the progress is uneven across states, it has the potential for growth in rain fed, remote and hilly areas. There are some implementation problems like lack of local initiatives, lags in fund flow. Due to the practice of organic agriculture, the costs were lower by 10-12 per cent when compared to conventional agriculture, but yields were also lower by 4-5 per cent, the net result is higher net returns by about 10-15 per cent depending on the crop and area. More focus needs to be given for the vertical expansion of the area in identified zones like hilly areas.

scholarly journals Climate Change and Organic Agriculture

2009 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 116-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ram Chandra Khanal
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Organic Agriculture ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
N2o Emission ◽  
Adaptation To Climate Change ◽  
Conventional Agriculture ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Agriculture And Environment ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Ch4 And N2o

This paper attempts to explore some research findings focusing on the climate change impact on (organic) agriculture and agriculture impact on climate change through a literature review. This review reveals that climate change and agriculture are closely linked and interdependent. Compared to conventional agriculture, organic agriculture is reported to be more efficient and effective both in reducing GHGs (CO2, CH4 and N2O) emission mainly due to the less use of chemical fertilizers and fossil fuel. Organic agriculture also reported to be climate change resilience farming systems as it promotes the proper management of soil, water, biodiversity and local knowledge there by acting as a good options for adaptation to climate change. But, due to lack of proper research, the contribution of organic agriculture for climate change adaptation and mitigation is yet to be known in the Nepalese context. It is argued that organic agriculture positively contributes to offset negative impacts of climate change, but there is inadequate systematic data to substantiate this fact.Key words: Adaptation; Climate change; Greenhouse gases mitigation; Organic agriculture; etc.The Journal of Agriculture and Environment Vol:10, Jun.2009 Page: 116-127

scholarly journals Narratives and Pathways towards an Ecological Civilization in Contemporary China

2018 ◽  
Vol 236 ◽  
pp. 1175-1196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sam Geall ◽  
Adrian Ely
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
The United States ◽  
Paris Agreement ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Ecological Civilization ◽  
Political Narratives ◽  
Policy Narratives ◽  
The Government ◽  
Do So

AbstractSince the United States committed to withdraw from the UN Paris Agreement on climate change, international observers have increasingly asked if China can take the lead instead to raise global ambition in the context of a world leadership vacuum. Given the country's increasing economic and strategic focus on sustainable and low-carbon innovation, China might seem well placed to do so. However, much depends on the direction of governance and reform within China regarding the environment. To better understand how the government is seeking to make progress in these areas, this article explores key political narratives that have underpinned China's policies around sustainable development (kechixu fazhan) and innovation (chuangxin) within the context of broader narratives of reform. Drawing on theoretical insights from work that investigates the role of power in shaping narratives, knowledge and action around specific pathways to sustainability, this article explores the ways in which dominant policy narratives in China might drive particular forms of innovation for sustainability and potentially occlude or constrain others. In particular, we look at ecological civilization (shengtai wenming) as a slogan that has gradually evolved to become an official narrative and is likely to influence pathways to sustainability over the coming years.

scholarly journals Financial competitiveness of organic agriculture on a global scale

2015 ◽  
Vol 112 (24) ◽  
pp. 7611-7616 ◽  
Author(s):  
David W. Crowder ◽  
John P. Reganold
Keyword(s):  
Organic Farming ◽  
Organic Agriculture ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Farming Practices ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Conventional Agriculture ◽  
Benefit Cost

To promote global food and ecosystem security, several innovative farming systems have been identified that better balance multiple sustainability goals. The most rapidly growing and contentious of these systems is organic agriculture. Whether organic agriculture can continue to expand will likely be determined by whether it is economically competitive with conventional agriculture. Here, we examined the financial performance of organic and conventional agriculture by conducting a meta-analysis of a global dataset spanning 55 crops grown on five continents. When organic premiums were not applied, benefit/cost ratios (−8 to −7%) and net present values (−27 to −23%) of organic agriculture were significantly lower than conventional agriculture. However, when actual premiums were applied, organic agriculture was significantly more profitable (22–35%) and had higher benefit/cost ratios (20–24%) than conventional agriculture. Although premiums were 29–32%, breakeven premiums necessary for organic profits to match conventional profits were only 5–7%, even with organic yields being 10–18% lower. Total costs were not significantly different, but labor costs were significantly higher (7–13%) with organic farming practices. Studies in our meta-analysis accounted for neither environmental costs (negative externalities) nor ecosystem services from good farming practices, which likely favor organic agriculture. With only 1% of the global agricultural land in organic production, our findings suggest that organic agriculture can continue to expand even if premiums decline. Furthermore, with their multiple sustainability benefits, organic farming systems can contribute a larger share in feeding the world.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document