scholarly journals Vaccine Protection Efficiency Compared with the Smart Application of Common-Sense Pandemic Control Measures

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (9) ◽  
pp. 830-832
Author(s):  
Liviu Popa-Simil
Keyword(s):  
National Level ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Dead Person ◽  
Real Nature ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Disastrous Effect ◽  
The One ◽  
High Level

Most recent NIH studies and CDC publication were able to estimate the vaccine efficacy variation overtime, and to remove the previous vail of ultimate and absolute protection against SARS-CoV-2, known as COVID-19 with respect to delta variant, propagated in the USA. The statistical data shows clear that Vaccines as Pfizer ad Moderna works, in spite their efficacies are decreasing with about 5%/month, are still able to protect in a more complex manner than masks and nano-engineered aerodynamics based protection measures. If these measures are referring to preventing inhalation of any hazardous material, no matter the type of viruses, the vaccine is dealing with the effects of virus inside the body after the intake took place. These vaccines were considered an ultimate protection and praised as such, as being in fact big pharma business, easy to be understood by masses with a real nature hazard mitigation IQ level much lower than the one made at national level based on the actual IQ tests customized to keep happy Caucasians, but fit well on Pacific Rim Asians. The problem with engineered protection is that one needs a smart population, cooperating synergistically, and be knowledgeable on when and how to use the protection in order to stop pandemic, insulate aggressor virus, create a vaccine and terminate the hazard. The current US practice is dominated by high-level mis-information and politicization of pandemic, where the actual spike in delta variant is due to CDC suppression of masks, without reaching a heard immunity, praising and enforcing vaccination aggravated by the incompetence of conservatives, who do not understand that a sick or dead person cannot enjoy constitutional freedoms, and do not distinguish between a life threat and a right, simply opposing to government without coming with alternate measures, having a disastrous effect on US population which with only 4% of world’s population delivered more than 25% of world’s causalities. The current milestone of 610,000 deaths and 40 million infected made the world leery about US exceptionalism and its planetary leadership.

scholarly journals Modelling and predicting the spatio-temporal spread of COVID-19 in Italy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Giuliani ◽  
Maria Michela Dickson ◽  
Giuseppe Espa ◽  
Flavio Santi
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Interaction ◽  
Local Level ◽  
National Level ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Italian Provinces ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Surrounding Areas ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Background: The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was first detected in China at the end of 2019 and it has since spread in few months all over the World. Italy was one of the first Western countries who faced the health emergency and is one of the countries most severely affected by the pandemic. The diffusion of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Italy has followed a peculiar spatial pattern, however the attention of the scientific community has so far focussed almost exclusively on the prediction of the evolution of the disease over time. Methods: Official freely available data about the number of infected at the finest possible level of spatial areal aggregation (Italian provinces) are used to model the spatio-temporal distribution of COVID-19 infections at local level. An endemic-epidemic time-series mixed-effects generalized linear model for areal disease counts has been implemented to understand and predict spatio-temporal diffusion of the phenomenon. Results: Three subcomponents characterize the fitted model. The first describes the transmission of the illness within provinces; the second accounts for the transmission between nearby provinces; the third is related to the evolution of the disease over time. At the local level, the provinces first concerned by containment measures are those that are not affected by the effects of spatial neighbours. On the other hand, the component accounting for the spatial interaction with surrounding areas is prevalent for provinces that are strongly involved by contagions. Moreover, the proposed model provides good forecasts for the number of infections at local level while controlling for delayed reporting. Conclusions: A strong evidence is found that strict control measures implemented in some provinces efficiently break contagions and limit the spread to nearby areas. While containment policies may potentially be more effective if planned considering the peculiarities of local territories, the effective and homogeneous enforcement of control measures at national level is needed to prevent the disease control being delayed or missed as a whole. This may also apply at international level where, as it is for the EU or the USA, the internal border checks among states have largely been abolished.

scholarly journals Specific immunological areactivity formation during gestation period in pregnant sows

2020 ◽  
Vol 210 ◽  
pp. 06002
Author(s):  
Alexander Agarkov ◽  
Anatoly Dmitriev ◽  
Andrey Kvochko ◽  
Elena Grudeva ◽  
Nikolay Agarkov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intrauterine Infection ◽  
The Body ◽  
Functional Reserves ◽  
Increased Sensitivity ◽  
The One ◽  
High Level ◽  
Chronic Carrier ◽  
Fetal Antigens ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Increased Susceptibility

Changes in immunological reactivity to viral and bacterial antigens may cause increased susceptibility to infectious diseases. Different levels of this condition in newborn and adult animal organisms should be based on the fact that the fetus and newborn after birth first comes into contact with the antigen, while the adult body already has partial sensitization. Chronic carrier of pathogens in animals and their influence on the spread of the infectious process is an urgent problem of modern veterinary medicine. The possibility of vaccination in newborns is limited by the presence of maternal antibodies that have an immunosuppressive effect. A high level of functional reserves of the pregnant body is important in the prevention of intrauterine infection. On the one hand, infection in the prenatal period of development affects the processes of growth and development of the fetus, on the other hand, during this period, the mother's body is isoimmunized by fetal antigens, accompanied by increased sensitivity of the body with the predominant manifestation of cellular phenomena in the absence of enhanced antibody synthesis.

scholarly journals Epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19 cases in Italy and estimates of the reproductive numbers one month into the epidemic

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flavia Riccardo ◽  
Marco Ajelli ◽  
Xanthi D Andrianou ◽  
Antonino Bella ◽  
Martina Del Manso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
National Level ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Care Workers ◽  
Italian Regions ◽  
Northern Regions ◽  
Independent Risk Factors ◽  
The One ◽  
Net Reproduction ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics ◽  
Older Males

SUMMARYBackgroundIn February 2020, a locally-acquired COVID-19 case was detected in Lombardia, Italy. This was the first signal of ongoing transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in the country. The outbreak rapidly escalated to a national level epidemic, amid the WHO declaration of a pandemic.MethodsWe analysed data from the national case-based integrated surveillance system of all RT-PCR confirmed COVID-19 infections as of March 24th 2020, collected from all Italian regions and autonomous provinces. Here we provide a descriptive epidemiological summary on the first 62,843 COVID-19 cases in Italy as well as estimates of the basic and net reproductive numbers by region.FindingsOf the 62,843 cases of COVID-19 analysed, 71.6% were reported from three Regions (Lombardia, Veneto and Emilia-Romagna). All cases reported after February 20th were locally acquired. Estimates of R0 varied between 2.5 (95%CI: 2.18-2.83) in Toscana and 3 (95%CI: 2.68-3.33) in Lazio, with epidemic doubling time of 3.2 days (95%CI: 2.3-5.2) and 2.9 days (95%CI: 2.2-4.3), respectively. The net reproduction number showed a decreasing trend starting around February 20-25, 2020 in Northern regions. Notably, 5,760 cases were reported among health care workers. Of the 5,541 reported COVID-19 associated deaths, 49% occurred in people aged 80 years or above with an overall crude CFR of 8.8%. Male sex and age were independent risk factors for COVID-19 death.InterpretationThe COVID-19 infection in Italy emerged with a clustering onset similar to the one described in Wuhan, China and likewise showed worse outcomes in older males with comorbidities. Initial R0 at 2.96 in Lombardia, explains the high case-load and rapid geographical spread observed. Overall Rt in Italian regions is currently decreasing albeit with large diversities across the country, supporting the importance of combined non-pharmacological control measures.Fundingroutine institutional funding was used to perform this work.

scholarly journals Modelling and predicting the spatio-temporal spread of COVID-19 in Italy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Giuliani ◽  
Maria Michela Dickson ◽  
Giuseppe Espa ◽  
Flavio Santi
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Interaction ◽  
Local Level ◽  
National Level ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Disease Evolution ◽  
The World ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) has been firstly detected in China at the end of 2019 and it spread in few months all over the world. Italy is the second country in the World for number of cases, and the diffusion of COVID-19 has followed a peculiar spatial pattern. However, the interest of scientific community has been devoted almost exclusively to the prediction of the disease evolution over time so far. Methods: Official freely available data about the number of infected at the finest possible level of spatial areal aggregation (Italian provinces) are used to model the spatio-temporal distribution of COVID-19 infections at local level. An endemic-epidemic time-series mixed-effects generalized linear model for areal disease counts has been implemented to understand and predict spatio-temporal diffusion of the phenomenon. Results: Three subcomponents characterize the fitted model. The first describes the transmission of the illness within provinces; the second accounts for the transmission between nearby provinces; the third is related to the evolution of the disease over time. At the local level, the provinces first concerned by containment measures are those that are not affected by the effects of spatial neighbours. On the other hand, the component accounting for the spatial interaction with surrounding areas is prevalent for provinces that are strongly involved by contagions. Moreover, the proposed model provides good forecasts of the number of infections at local level while controlling for delayed reporting. Conclusions: A strong evidence is found that strict control measures implemented in some provinces efficiently break contagions and limit the spread to nearby areas. While containment policies may potentially be more effective if planned considering the peculiarities of local territories, the effective and homogeneous enforcement of control measures at national level is needed to prevent the disease control being delayed or missed as a whole. This may also apply at international level where, as it is for the EU or the USA, the internal border checks among states have largely been abolished.

Methods Of Reducing The Bacterial Contamination Of Poultry Carcasses

2019 ◽  
pp. 41-47
Author(s):  
O. Kasyanenko ◽  
V. Gusev
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Bacterial Contamination ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Microbiological Contamination ◽  
Broiler Meat ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
The Usa ◽  
High Level

The article presents the data of the analysis of the control strategy of food zoonoses (Campylobacter, E.coli O157, Enterobacteriacae, Listeria, Salmonella, Enterococcus) on the basis of chemical and physical decontamination methods at the stage of poultry processing in the conditions of slaughter enterprises of the EU. The factors of transmission of pathogens that determine the risks of contamination of poultry carcasses during the technological processes of transportation and slaughter of poultry, nutrition, cooling and heat treatment of carcasses are analyzed. It also analyzes scientific developments to reduce the risk to human health, depending on measures to reduce microbiological contamination by pathogens of broiler meat zoonoses. The article presents data on the effective strategy poultry food control zoonoses in the European Union based on the methods of reducing microbial contamination of poultry carcasses during processing. We conducted information by analyzing statistics and materials and reports published in national and international journals, study and systematization of scientific literature, the official reports of the International Program of WHO for the control and supervision of zoonoses in Europe, ESFA (European Agency for Safety food), the Center for disease control in the USA, documents regulating controls zoonosis poultry in the European Union. Continuous monitoring of food zoonoses pathogens of poultry is effective. Collecting information on the use of antimicrobials in zoonoses control programs in poultry is important. The data on the effective control bacterial pathogens at transportation poultry and during the slaughter process are: exposure without food, sanitary treatment of cages,  identification the party with an high level of microbiological contamination, fixing the cloaca and prevent faecal contamination of carcasses, plan of slaughter at the slaughterhouse (defining positive poultry). We have also analyzed the effective control measures of the bacterial contamination of poultry carcasses in terms of companies engaged in the slaughter and processing of poultry.

CULT OF FIRE IN THE FUNERAL RITES OF THE IRANIAN PEOPLES

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Б.А. Битиев
Keyword(s):  
Common Ancestor ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
World Religions ◽  
Funeral Rites ◽  
Dead Person ◽  
Common Basis ◽  
The World ◽  
Natural Element ◽  
The One

Параллели в обрядности между осетинами и остальными иранскими народами являются перспективными и интересными, но малоисследованными вопросами этнологической науки. Одним из основных схожих ритуалов, имеющих общее происхождение у арийцев, является культ огня. Так, в статье автором поставлены цели: рассмотреть связь огня с погребальными обрядами иранских народов, провести параллели в исследуемой обрядности и показать их идентичность, а также происхождение от одной общей основы. Огонь одна из самых главных природных стихий, играющих в жизни человечества огромную роль. Огонь та природная стихия, которая всегда завораживала человека, вызывая уважение и страх. Именно поэтому в обычаях и традициях подавляющего большинства народов мира существует культ огня. Но в обрядности иранских народов огню отводится еще большее значение. Не зря в среде арийских народов зародилась религия огнепоклонников Зороастризм. Представление об огне, как высшей всепроникающей и всеочищающей стихии, слишком глубоко укоренилось в мировоззрении каждого иранца. Помимо очистительной функции огня, в обрядности иранских народов эта природная стихия представляется как предохраняющая от влияния злых сил материя. Поэтому священный огонь, с одной стороны, не должен касаться усопшего, потому что огонь символизирует жизнь, а покойник смерть. Вот почему в обрядности рассмотренных нами иранских народов пока покойник находится в доме, огонь не разводят. С другой стороны, в течение трех дней на могиле покойного разводят огонь, выполняющий вышеуказанные функции.Особенно данный обряд распространен у курдов-езидов и осетин, сумевших сохранить свои традиции в большей степени. Таким образом, несмотря на множество дифференцирующих факторов (влияние мировых религий, значительные расстояния между народами), рассмотренные в работе параллели служат ярким примером родства иранских народов и их происхождения от общего предка. Parallels in rites between the Ossetians and other Iranian peoples are promising and interesting, but little studied issues of ethnological science. One of the main rituals that have a common origin among the Aryans is the cult of fire. Thus, in the article, the author sets goals: to consider the connection of fire with the funeral rites of the Iranian peoples, to draw parallels in the studied rites and to show their identity, as well as their origin from one common basis. Fire is one of the most important natural elements that plays a huge role in the life of mankind. Fire is the natural element that has always fascinated a person, causing respect and fear. Consecutively, there is the cult of fire in the customs and traditions of the vast majority of peoples of the world. But, in the rites of the Iranian peoples, fire is given even more importance. It is not for nothing that Zoroastrianism, the religion of fire, was born among the fire worshipping Aryan peoples. The idea of fire as the highest all-pervading and all-purifying element is too deeply rooted in the worldview of every Iranian. In addition to the purifying function of the fire, in the rites of the Iranian peoples, this natural element is represented as a matter that protects against the influence of evil forces. Therefore, the sacred fire, on the one hand should, not touch the deceased, because the fire symbolizes life, and the deceased stands for death. That is why in the rites of the Iranian peoples that we have considered, as long as the body of a dead person in the house the fire is never lit. On the other hand, a fire is lit on the grave of the deceased for three days, which performs the above functions, especially for Yazidi Kurds and Ossetians, who managed to preserve their traditions to a greater extent. Thus, despite many differentiating factors due to the influence of world religions, significant distances between peoples, the parallels considered in this paper serve as a vivid example of the kinship of the Iranian peoples and their origin from a common ancestor.

Relationship between Force-Velocity Profiles and 1,500-m Ergometer Performance in Young Rowers

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (13) ◽  
pp. 992-1000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Giroux ◽  
Hugo Maciejewski ◽  
Amal Ben-Abdessamie ◽  
Frédéric Chorin ◽  
Julien Lardy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Output ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
National Level ◽  
The Body ◽  
Upper Limbs ◽  
Squat Jump ◽  
Rowing Performance ◽  
Rowing Ergometer ◽  
Force Velocity ◽  
High Level

AbstractRowing races require developing high level of force and power output at high contraction velocity. This study determined the force-velocity and power-velocity (F-P-V) profiles of lower and upper limbs of adolescent rowers and their relationships with a 1,500-m rowing ergometer performance. The power developed during the 1,500-m (P1500) was evaluated in fourteen national-level male rowers (age: 15.3±0.6 yrs). F-P-V profiles were assessed during bench pull (BP) and squat jump (SJ) exercises. The theoretical maximal values of force (F0), velocity (V0), power output (Pmax) and the F-V relationship slope (S FV ) were determined. The body mass (BM) influence on these relationships was considered using an allometric approach. F0 was 720±144 and 2146±405 N, V0 was 1.8±0.1 and 1.8±0.3 m·s−1, Pmax was 333±83 and 968±204 W and SFV was −391±54 and −1,200±260 N·s·m−1 for BP and SJ, respectively. Upper and lower limb F0 and Pmax were significantly related. P1500 was significantly (P<0.05) correlated to V0-BP, F0-BP, SFV-BP, Pmax-BP, F0-SJ and Pmax-SJ (r²=0.29 to 0.79). BM accounted for more than 90% of these relationships. Rowers’ F-P-V profiles reflect adaptations to chronic rowing practice. F-P-V profiles and rowing performance correlations suggest that BP and SJ exercises are relevant to evaluate young rowers’ explosive abilities.

scholarly journals Modelling and predicting the spatio-temporal spread of COVID-19 in Italy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Giuliani ◽  
Maria Michela Dickson ◽  
Giuseppe Espa ◽  
Flavio Santi
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Interaction ◽  
Local Level ◽  
National Level ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Italian Provinces ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Surrounding Areas ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Background: The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was first detected in China at the end of 2019 and it has since spread in few months all over the World. Italy was one of the first Western countries who faced the health emergency and is one of the countries most severely affected by the pandemic. The diffusion of COVID-19 in Italy has followed a peculiar spatial pattern, however the attention of the scientific community has so far focussed almost exclusively on the prediction of the evolution of the disease over time. Methods: Official freely available data about the number of infected at the finest possible level of spatial areal aggregation (Italian provinces) are used to model the spatio-temporal distribution of COVID-19 infections at local level. An endemic-epidemic time-series mixed-effects generalized linear model for areal disease counts has been implemented to understand and predict spatio-temporal diffusion of the phenomenon. Results: Three subcomponents characterize the fitted model. The first describes the transmission of the illness within provinces; the second accounts for the transmission between nearby provinces; the third is related to the evolution of the disease over time. At the local level, the provinces first concerned by containment measures are those that are not affected by the effects of spatial neighbours. On the other hand, the component accounting for the spatial interaction with surrounding areas is prevalent for provinces that are strongly involved by contagions. Moreover, the proposed model provides good forecasts for the number of infections at local level while controlling for delayed reporting. Conclusions: A strong evidence is found that strict control measures implemented in some provinces efficiently break contagions and limit the spread to nearby areas. While containment policies may potentially be more effective if planned considering the peculiarities of local territories, the effective and homogeneous enforcement of control measures at national level is needed to prevent the disease control being delayed or missed as a whole. This may also apply at international level where, as it is for the EU or the USA, the internal border checks among states have largely been abolished.

scholarly journals Genetic parameters of body conformation and performance traits of Wielkopolski horses registered in the successive volumes of the Herdbook

2013 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kaproń ◽  
E. Czerniak ◽  
M. Łukaszewicz ◽  
A. Danielewicz
Keyword(s):  
Performance Test ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Body Conformation ◽  
Performance Traits ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The One ◽  
Structure Indices ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract. The study covered 11 376 horses registered in the six successive volumes of the Wielkopolski Herdbook. The level of variability in the body conformation indices and in the performance value indices was analysed. The genetic basis parameters for the body conformation and performance traits of the Wielkopolski horses were assessed. A high level of heritability was identified for the wither height (h2 = 0.566) and cannon circumference (h2 = 0.418), with an average heritability level of the other analysed characteristics (ranging from h2 = 0.205 – for the stallion performance test results to h2 = 0.350 – in the case of chest circumference). On the other hand, genetic correlation between the analysed indices produced the highest values for the relationship between wither height and cannon (rG = 0.636) and chest (rG = 0.551) circumference, as well as for the interrelation between the above dimensions and the following body structure indices: »boniness« (rG = 0.690) and »bulkiness« (rG = 0.541). Considering the extensive scope of the study – and the fact that the breed population was registered in the Wielkopolski Herdbook – the authors suggested the advisability of using the results of the present study for the modification of breeding programs with a view to improve the breed in question, both its principal population and the one included in the program of gene-pool protection.

scholarly journals COVID-19 Highest Incidence Forecast in Russia Based on Regression Model

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 812-819
Author(s):  
Iosif Z. Aronov ◽  
Olga V. Maksimova ◽  
Nataliia M. Galkina
Keyword(s):  
Regression Model ◽  
Regression Line ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Euclidean Metric ◽  
Simple Regression Model ◽  
Airline Passengers ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The One ◽  
High Level ◽  
Point Forecast

The authors suggest a simple regression model of COVID-19 highest incidence prognosis in Russia on the basis of the revealed correlation between the duration of coronavirus peak (plateau) and air traffic volume. The study base included 37 countries in Europe, South America and Asia. Cluster analysis on the basis of the Euclidean metric for these countries showed the necessity of classifying the USA and China into a separate group, which gave grounds to exclude these countries from the analysis. In addition, Ireland was excluded from the analysis due to its special geographical location. For the remaining countries, the correlation coefficient between the number of airline passengers and the duration of the epidemic before reaching its peak was 0,87, which shows a high level of linear relationship between these indicators. Point forecast for the highest incidence in Russia by regression line falls on the 4th of May. The forecast interval with confidence levelγ=0.9 is ±14 days from the calculated date. The one-way analysis of variance showed that from April 22 to May 2, there was a slowdown in the growth rates of the diseased, which indicates an exit to the plateau.

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