Prevalence of Adverse Events Post-COVID-19 Vaccination amongst the Adult Zambian Population

Introduction: COVID-19 continues to be a public health concern despite several practical interventions to curb its spread. Now, widespread vaccination appears to be the most important strategy in winning the fight against this deadly pandemic by promoting herd immunity. However, a lack of independent and local studies on vaccines’ safety may adversely impact the vaccine uptake and eventually the overarching goal of reducing disease transmission. Objective: To determine the prevalence of adverse events post COVID-19 vaccination amongst the adult Zambia population. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted among recipients of COVID-19 vaccines in Zambia. The study was conducted between July and August 2021. 584 adult individuals who had access to the questionnaire were enrolled. Relationships between patients' demographics and Adverse Events (AEs) were assessed using the chi-square (χ2) test given the categorical nature of the data. Results: Pain at the injection site (79.8%), headache (57.4%), fatigue (55.5%), chills (52.6%), fever (42.3%), and joint pains (37.5%) were the most commonly reported adverse events. When stratified by gender, pain at the injection site (p = 0.01), limitation of arm movement (p < 0.001), chills (p = 0.017), headache (p = 0.044), fatigue (p = 0.004), nausea or vomiting (p < 0.001) were statistically significant, with females mostly affected. There was a statistically significant difference in the case of limitation of arm movement (20.7% vs. 9.9%, p = 0.031), chills (54.8% vs. 36.6%, p = 0.004), headache (59.6% vs. 40.8%, p = 0.003) and fatigue (57.5% vs. 40.8%, p = 0.008) between those 49 years and below compared to those above 50 years. Conclusion: Our study provides evidence of adverse events being experienced by the recipient of COVID-19 vaccines and that these have been mainly mild. Healthcare authorities need to educate the public about the possible adverse events associated with COVID-19 vaccines and how to report these events should they experience some. This will improve pharmacovigilance of adverse events associated with COVID-19 vaccines.

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Willingness, beliefs, and barriers regarding the COVID-19 vaccine in Saudi Arabia: a multiregional cross-sectional study

BMC Family Practice ◽

10.1186/s12875-021-01606-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Noura Altulahi ◽

Shouq AlNujaim ◽

Azzam Alabdulqader ◽

Abdullah Alkharashi ◽

Assaf AlMalki ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Saudi Arabia ◽

Herd Immunity ◽

Vaccine Safety ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Vaccine Uptake ◽

Vaccine Hesitancy ◽

Considerable Proportion ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

High School Degree ◽

Validated Questionnaire

Abstract Background The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread worldwide, and the vaccine remains the ultimate cornerstone to overcoming its long-term impact. Vaccine hesitancy might obstruct the effort to achieve herd immunity and eradicate the virus. We assessed Saudi Arabian individuals’ willingness, beliefs, and barriers regarding the COVID-19 vaccine and their adherence to preventive measures during and after the pandemic. Methods A self-administered electronic validated questionnaire was distributed among the five major regions in Saudi Arabia between November and December 2020. The questionnaire addressed the sociodemographic data, beliefs, potential barriers, parents’ acceptance of COVID-19 vaccination for their children, and adherence to protective measures during and after the pandemic. Results Of 8,056 participants, 4,218 (52.4%) of a non-representative sample were willing to be vaccinated against COVID-19. Being a young adult, male, having less than a high school degree, being a smoker, having a chronic disease, and having a history of seasonal influenza vaccine uptake were positive predictors of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance. Hesitant participants reported concerns about vaccine side effects and safety as the main barriers to accepting the COVID-19 vaccine. Some refusers (26.1%) declared that they would reconsider vaccination only if the safety and effectiveness of the vaccine were reported by more studies. Conclusions Our study revealed a promising willingness to accept the vaccine among the population, with positive beliefs and attitudes toward COVID-19 vaccination. However, a considerable proportion of the population was reluctant to accept the vaccine. Thus, publicly providing information about vaccine safety and implementing health education programs is crucial for increasing the public’s confidence in the vaccine.

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1385Hesitancy for Adult Vaccination -A New Paradigm for Research in India

International Journal of Epidemiology ◽

10.1093/ije/dyab168.332 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 50 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

Nikhita Kalra ◽

Tanisha Kalra ◽

Suruchi Mishra ◽

Saurav Basu ◽

Nidhi Bhatnagar

Keyword(s):

Healthcare Providers ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Vaccine Uptake ◽

Health Concern ◽

Vaccine Hesitancy ◽

New Paradigm ◽

National Guidelines ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Adult Vaccination ◽

Adult Immunization

Abstract Background Adult immunization has recently emerged as an area of emphasis in research and policy. Increasing life expectancy, outbreaks like COVID-19, and the endemic nature of diseases like dengue, malaria have underscored its importance. Therefore, this study was carried out with the aim to assess hesitancy and factors influencing the uptake of vaccines in adults. Methods An online cross-sectional study was conducted among adults (age more than 20 years). Data collection was done by convenience sampling in January 2021. Information on awareness and perceptions regarding adult vaccination and immunization status of participants was collected. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 21. Results A total of 461 adults responded to the survey. Among those who had never received any vaccine in adulthood (n = 158), the reasons were lack of recommendation by healthcare providers (38.6%), lack of knowledge of vaccines (15.8%) and fear of adverse effects following vaccination (7.6%). Hesitancy for vaccines among those who were informed by healthcare workers was as follows: shingles (97.8%), human papillomavirus (92.1%), pneumococcal (91.1%), influenza (79.7%), varicella (79.4%) and tetanus (57.6%). Conclusions Reduced vaccine uptake due to vaccine hesitancy in adulthood is a major health concern. Hesitancy was highest for the shingles vaccine and least for the tetanus vaccine. Key messages Coverage of adult vaccination can be improved by formulating national guidelines and encouraging healthcare providers to raise awareness. In-depth qualitative studies are needed to understand the perception of adults towards vaccination.

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Adverse events following immunization with Covi-shield tm vaccine: a descriptive cross-sectional study at a tertiary center, Nepal

International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Growth Evaluation ◽

10.54660/anfo.2021.2.6.10 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 163-163

Author(s):

Gopal Lama ◽

Runa Jha ◽

Sagar K Rajbhandari ◽

Jenish Neupane ◽

Anup Bastola

Keyword(s):

Adverse Events ◽

Injection Site ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Injection Site Pain ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Serious Adverse Events ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Tertiary Center ◽

National Public Health ◽

Site Pain

Introduction: As the COVID-19 pandemic continues to unfold, rapid global efforts to develop and test vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 have started. Adverse events after immunization are a common issue seen in many vaccines. This study aims at finding the adverse events following the first dose of CovishieldTM vaccine administered to the staffs at two health institutions in Kathmandu. Methods: This was a descriptive cross sectional study conducted among the staffs at National Public Health Laboratory and Sukraraj Tropical and Infectious Disease Hospital, Kathmandu between February to April, 2021. It included 162 participants who had taken the first dose of CovishieldTM vaccine. Ethical approval was taken from Nepal Health Research Council. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences were used for analysis. Results: Various adverse events were seen in 139 (85.8%) participants which were all minor events. None of the participants developed serious adverse events. Very common adverse events experienced were Injection site pain 116 (71.6%), myalgia 76 (46.9%), chills 68 (42%), headache 65 (40.1%), fever 54 (33.3%), dizziness 43 (26.5%) and nausea 20 (12.4%). Similarly, the range of time period from onset to recovery of adverse event was different for different adverse reactions. Conclusions: The adverse events following first dose of CovishieldTM vaccine were all minor reactions with commonest being injection site pain followed by myalgia, chills, headache and fever.

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Understanding COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in Pakistan: The paradigm of Confidence, Convenience and Complacency; A Cross-sectional study.

10.1101/2021.07.12.21260409 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Naveen Siddique Sheikh ◽

Mumtaz Touseef ◽

Riddah Sultan ◽

Kanwal Hassan Cheema ◽

Sidra Shafiq Cheema ◽

...

Keyword(s):

General Population ◽

Healthcare Workers ◽

Herd Immunity ◽

Population Data ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Vaccine Uptake ◽

Vaccine Hesitancy ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Vaccination Programs

Background and objectives: Vaccine hesitancy is a big obstacle for vaccination programs, as is anticipated for the COVID-19 vaccination program, resulting in low uptake of vaccines thereby hindering the process of reaching herd immunity. Bearing this in mind the current study was aimed to explore the determinants of vaccine hesitancy amongst the Pakistani population. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was carried out from the 23rd-31st January 2021. The conceptual framework of the study was based on the 3Cs (Confidence, Convenience, Complacency) model. Google-forms-based questionnaire was disseminated amongst the general population. Data collected were entered into SPSS version 26 and analyzed. Results: Of the 421 participants, 68.4% were females. Non-healthcare workers were 55.8% of respondents. Vaccine hesitant individuals, 26.13% reported they were very unlikely to get vaccinated. Vaccine was not safe as it came out too fast was agreed upon by 12.6% individuals, 50.6% were worried about experiencing side-effects, 18% believed vaccine will not offer protection and 5.9% believed vaccine would cause death. Low Practice of SOP in non-Healthcare workers was the strongest contributor to vaccine hesitancy (OR: 5.338, p=0.040, 95% CI: 1.082-26.330) followed by High complacency (p=0.026) and Moderate Complacency (OR: 0.212, p=0.007, 95% CI: 0.069-0.654) towards COVID-19 vaccination. In Healthcare workers the strongest contributor to vaccine hesitancy was having a Moderate Confidence (OR: 0.323, p=0.042, 95% CI: 0.109-0.958) in the vaccine followed by Moderate Convenience (OR: 0.304, p=0.049, 95% CI: 0.093-0.993) for vaccination Conclusion: Campaigning and communication strategies to reaffirm confidence in the COVID-19 vaccine and educating the general population about the vaccine could lead to increased perception of vaccine safety and effectiveness thereby restoring confidence in vaccine and decreasing vaccine hesitancy. Likewise, working to increase vaccine convenience and decreasing complacency towards the COVID-19 vaccine would translate into high vaccine uptake.

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Observed Risk Factors and the Prevalence of Potential Oral Malignant Lesions among a North Indian Population

International Healthcare Research Journal ◽

10.26440/ihrj/0306.09274 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (6) ◽

pp. 201-205

Author(s):

Vasuda Bhagat ◽

Mehtab Singh Bhagat

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Indian Population ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Health Concern ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Validated Questionnaire ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Chi Squared ◽

Study Population ◽

Malignant Lesions

INTRODUCTION: The menace of oral cancer has become a public health concern and its prevalence is increasing with every passing day, making it the sixth most common cancer across the globe. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the prevalence and risk factors for potential oral malignant disorders in a middle aged north Indian population.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Adopting a Cross-sectional study design, this study examined a total of 944 participants in the Delhi-NCR region and males formed a majority of the population (569, 60.3%). Data was collected using a pre-tested and pre-validated questionnaire. Descriptive statistics was applied and the chi-squared test (for qualitative data) and independent samples t-test(for quantitative data) was applied to find out statistical differences (Using SPSS 21.0), if any.RESULTS: It was reported that 201 (21.29%) of the study population suffered from oral malignant lesions, and the most prevalent lesion was OSMF [115, 12.18%] followed by leukoplakia [49, 5.19%]. The prevalence of oral malignant lesions among males was found to be higher(18.97%) as compared to females. A significant difference was found between the oral lesions and tobacco ever and never chewers (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: The results indicate a need to focus tobacco cessation programmes in the population of Delhi-NCR and reinforce it from time to time to reduce the burden of such Oral Malignant Disorders.

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Factors Associated With Malaria Vaccine Uptake in Sunyani Municipality, Ghana

10.21203/rs.3.rs-424116/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Dennis Tabiri ◽

Jean Claude Romaric Pingdwindé Ouédraogo ◽

Priscilla Nortey

Keyword(s):

Adverse Reaction ◽

Malaria Vaccine ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Vaccine Uptake ◽

Health Concern ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Ordinal Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Child Welfare Clinic

Abstract Introduction: Malaria has and continues to be a major disease of public health concern affecting several million people worldwide. WHO started a pilot study on a malaria vaccine (RTS,S) in Ghana and two other countries in 2019. This study aimed at assessing the factors associated with uptake of the vaccine in the Sunyani Municipality of Ghana.Methods: The study was a cross-sectional study employing a quantitative approach. Stratified sampling technique was used to select respondents. A structured questionnaire was administered to parents/caregivers with children eligible to have taken the first three doses of the malaria vaccine by December 2019. The Child Welfare Clinic (CWC) cards of the eligible children were also inspected. Ordinal logistic regression analysis was done to determine the association between the independent variables and full vaccine uptake.Results: Uptake of RTS,S 1 was 94.1%. However, this figure reduced to 90.6% for RTS,S 2, and 78.1% for RTS,S 3. Children with a parent who had been educated up to the tertiary level had 4.72 [AOR: 4.72, 95%CI: 1.27 – 17.55] increased odds of full uptake as compared to those who completed secondary education. Parents whose children had experienced fever as an adverse reaction were more likely to send their kids for the malaria vaccine as compared to those who children had ever suffered abscess as an adverse reaction [AOR: 2.27, 95%CI: 1.13 – 5.10]. Children with parents who thought vaccines were becoming too many for children had 71% [AOR: 0.29, 95%CI: 0.14 – 0.61] reduced odds of full uptake as compared to those who thought otherwise.Conclusion: Uptake of RTS,S 1 and RTS,S 2 in Sunyani Municipality meets WHO’s target coverage for vaccines, however, RTS,S 3 uptake does not. Furthermore, there is a growing perception amongst parents/caregivers that vaccines are becoming too many for children which negatively affects uptake.

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Dental students' knowledge and practices regarding disinfection and sterilization of extracted human teeth

International Journal of Infection Control ◽

10.3396/ijic.v12i2.011.16 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Ola Moustafa Omar ◽

Nadia Mostafa Farrag

Keyword(s):

Disease Transmission ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Dental Students ◽

Human Teeth ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Staff Members ◽

Source Of Infection ◽

Dental Procedures ◽

Dental Staff ◽

Significant Difference

Extracted human teeth are used by dental students in preclinical courses to practice on them different dental procedures, however they can be a source of infection. According to Center for disease control, extracted teeth should be disinfected or sterilized before use. The current study aimed to assess knowledge and practices regarding disinfection and sterilization of extracted human teeth in a group of dental students. This descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out on third, fourth and fifth- year dental students at College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Saudi Arabia. A self-administered questionnaire was prepared based on a previous study which tests the knowledge and practice of students regarding disinfection and sterilization of extracted human teeth. Results of this study showed that most of the students in all grades agreed that it is necessary to disinfect and/or sterilize extracted teeth before working on them. They reported also that it is mandatory to use specific precautions while working in these teeth since they can be a source of infection and there is a chance of disease transmission through them. The year of education affected the response, where 92.5% of fourth grade students agreed that there is a necessity to disinfect and/or sterilize extracted teeth before working on them in comparison to third grade students who recorded the lowest score (70.4%) with statistically significant difference. Hydrogen peroxide, sodium hypochlorite and autoclaving got the highest scores for teeth sterilization and/or disinfection among the three different grades with insignificant statistical difference. Regarding the practices of students no statistical significant difference was found between the three grades regarding the sterilization methods for extracted teeth and their use of protective barriers during handling of them. Most of students reported that their source of knowledge was taught in dental courses or from instructions from dental staff members with no statistical significant differences between the grades or gender. The results of the present study concluded that knowledge and practices of dental students at Taibah University in relation to sterilization/disinfection methods of extracted human teeth was satisfactory.

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HyPE study: hydroxychloroquine prophylaxis-related adverse events’ analysis among healthcare workers during COVID-19 pandemic: a rising public health concern

Journal of Public Health ◽

10.1093/pubmed/fdaa074 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 42 (3) ◽

pp. 493-503 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Bada Sharanappa Nagaraja ◽

Kalhalli Narayanaswamy Ramesh ◽

Debjyoti Dhar ◽

Mahammad Samim Mondal ◽

Treshita Dey ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Adverse Event ◽

Adverse Events ◽

Healthcare Workers ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Health Concern ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Web Based ◽

Logistic Regression Models ◽

Younger Age

Abstract Background The rising burden of Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has led to the mass use of hydroxychloroquine by healthcare workers (HCWs). Adverse event profile of this drug when used as prophylaxis is not well known in the literature. Methods A retrospective, cross-sectional study was conducted across the country using semi-structured web-based questionnaire among COVID-19 negative and asymptomatic healthcare workers, taking hydroxychloroquine prophylaxis. Descriptive and multivariate logistic-regression models were applied for analysis. Results Of the 166 participants, at least one adverse event was experienced by 37.9% participants, gastrointestinal being the most common (30.7%). Risk was higher in participants <40 years age (odd’s ratio (OR): 2.44, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.18–5.05) and after first dose of hydroxychloroquine (51.2%, OR: 2.38, 95%CI: 1.17–4.84). Hydroxychloroquine prophylaxis was initiated without electrocardiography by 80.1% of HCWs. Only 21.6% of those with cardiovascular disease could get prior ECG. Conclusions A higher incidence of adverse events was observed when results were compared with studies involving patients on long-term hydroxychloroquine therapy. Younger age and first dose were associated with greater incidence of adverse events though all were self-limiting. Monitoring prior and during prophylaxis was inadequate even among those with cardiovascular disease and risk-factors. However, no serious cardiovascular events were reported.

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Observed Risk Factors and the Prevalence of Potential Oral Malignant Lesions among a North Indian Population

International Healthcare Research Journal ◽

10.26440/10.26440/ihrj/0306.09274 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (6) ◽

pp. 201-205

Author(s):

Vasuda Bhagat ◽

Mehtab Singh Bhagat

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Indian Population ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Health Concern ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Validated Questionnaire ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Chi Squared ◽

Study Population ◽

Malignant Lesions

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Willingness of The COVID-19 Vaccine Uptake: A Cross-Sectional Study of Community Residents in China

10.21203/rs.3.rs-363635/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Xiao Wan ◽

Ruiying Jia ◽

Guangli Lu ◽

Chaoran Chen

Keyword(s):

Disease Transmission ◽

Adult Population ◽

Vaccine Safety ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Vaccine Uptake ◽

Willingness To Accept ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Preventative Measures ◽

General Adult Population ◽

The Town

Abstract Background The pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) brought great disaster to the world. Vaccination for COVID-19 is one of the most important preventative measures to reduce the disease transmission. Our study aims to estimate residents’ willingness to accept COVID-19 vaccination and its influencing factors in the general adult population in Chinese community. Methods 3000 questionnaires were posted from December,2020 to January,2021 to residents in Kaifeng with 89.60% response rate. Results of the 2688 respondents on their willingness to accept the COVID-19 vaccine were analyzed. Results 89.06% of respondents were willing to accept a COVID-19 vaccine if vaccines were available. People who were 46–59 years old (OR = 0.311; 95% CI: 0.188–0.512), often live in the town (OR = 3.979; 95% CI: 2.473–6.402) and pay attention to the development of the COVID-19 vaccine (OR = 0.301; 95% CI: 0.203–0.447), and agreeing that the COVID-19 vaccine can prevent COVID-19 (OR = 0.106; 95% CI: 0.050–0.224) were significantly associated with their willingness to accept receive COVID-19 vaccination. Conclusion A high acceptance of COVID-19 vaccination had been shown among Chinese residents although it was not during the pandemic period, while concerns about vaccine safety and effectiveness might hinder the promotion of vaccine uptake.

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