scholarly journals THE OPERATIONAL READINESS FOR ANTI SUBMARINE INDONESIAN NAVAL BY USING ANTI SUBMARINE HELICOPTER

JOURNAL ASRO ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (01) ◽  
pp. 166
Author(s):  
Muksin Muksin ◽  
Udisubakti Ciptomulyono ◽  
Sutrisno Sutrisno ◽  
Sunarta Sunarta
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Cost ◽  
Paradigm Shifts ◽  
Military Operations ◽  
Military Technology ◽  
Weapon Systems ◽  
Operational Readiness ◽  
The Face ◽  
Readiness Level ◽  
Modern Warfare ◽  
Combat Readiness

Some of the Indonesian naval effort to see and protect the Indonesian territory is by using Helicopter sea patrol. In the other side, submarines are the most strategic weapons in the world that can provide a deterrence effect which has a very significant impact on the maritime powers of the countries operating them in the era of generation 4.0 war. Operational readiness is very important, there are readiness in building operational readiness for naval defense through budget fulfillment, utilization of existing resources, procurement and naval modernization by paying attention to Life Cycle Cost, and interoperability while still paying attention to paradigm shifts in naval capability. So, the combat readiness is the condition of the Indonesian Navy's defense equipment and its constituent units, resources and personnel, weapon systems and other military technology equipment in a condition that is ready to carry out military operations in an unspecified time, or function consistent with the purpose for which the defense equipment is organized or designed, the management of resources and training personnel in preparation for combat in the face of the threat of modern warfare in a state of constant combat readiness. At this time, training in Anti-Submarine Warfare conducted by Indonesian Navy’s Helicopter is still limited to carrying out flight procedures, communication procedures with the KRI and the command line, because Helicopters have sensors, weapons and command that need to be upgraded and The personnel also have underwater warfare capabilities that need to be upgraded, so there needs to be an increase in the capability of the helicopter and human resources. Technometry will be used to calculate the Heli's current readiness level. Keywords: Submarine, Anti Submarine Helicopter and operational readiness

COMBAT READINESS AS A FUNCTION OF MANNING, EQUIPPING AND TRAINING THE FORCES

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 1893-1899
Author(s):  
Stoyan Stamatov
Keyword(s):  
Armed Forces ◽  
Military Operations ◽  
Operational Capabilities ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Operational Readiness ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Military ◽  
Military Units ◽  
And Training ◽  
Combat Readiness

Building and maintaining adequate military capabilities and high combat readiness for the Armed Forces, as well as mobilization readiness for timely increase to wartime tables with reserve forces continue to be central to achieving defense and security goals. There is a strong interdependence between combat readiness and the system of manning, equipping, and training the Armed Forces. They all depend on the organizational structure, table of organization and equipment, and the level of training of personnel from active units and those from the Reserve in peace time.Combat Readiness is a certain state of the Armed Forces that determines the degree of training, manning, and equipping the headquarters, staffs, and troops that guarantee their adequate response to crises of a different character. Combat readiness is the real factor that exemplifies Armed Force’s preparedness to respond to every critical situation in a timely manner.The content of levels of combat readiness determines the level of preparedness of the military units to perform their duties at a certain point in time.There are certain states of combat readiness that have been adopted by NATO. Nevertheless, the lowest state of readiness usually represents the current/day-to-day status of military units and is usually called a "permanent" level of combat readiness. The highest level of readiness is supposed to answer the demands of readiness for immediate execution of battle actions, and it is perceived in most armies to be called "full" combat readiness.In order to optimize the overall process of activating military units to a higher level of combat or mobilization readiness, it is necessary to look for this in peacetime. It mainly concerns building a system of control and evaluation of the individual components of combat readiness and mobilization, and identifying measures for their improvement.Military HQs and formations are regularly evaluated to prove their operational capabilities to meet NATO standards in conducting military operations. Therefore the use of CREVAL– Combat Readiness Evaluation programs ensures the necessary operational capabilities and interoperability with allied units in multinational allied operations.Depending on the level of manning, arming, equipping and training military units are classified into different categories in ascending order. The smaller the category is, the higher the operational readiness of the military units is and vice versa, the higher the category is, the longer the mobilization period takes place, and the longer the time to reach operational readiness is. This further requires effective integration and use of the reserve staffs and the reserve forces’ units to enhance the capabilities of regular forces in the wide range of the expected operations described by the NATO policy documents.

Complex Battlespaces

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Armed Conflicts ◽  
Unmanned Aerial Systems ◽  
International Human Rights Law ◽  
Humanitarian Law ◽  
Military Operations ◽  
Modern Warfare ◽  
Aerial Systems

The conduct of warfare is constantly shaped by forces beyond the battlefield. These forces create complexities in the battlespace for military operations. The ever-changing nature of how and where wars are fought creates challenges for the application of the unchanging body of international law that regulates armed conflicts. The term “complex” is often used to describe modern warfare, but what makes modern warfare complex? Is it the increasingly urbanized battlefield where wars are fought, which is cluttered with civilians and civilian objects? Is it the rise of State-like organized armed groups that leverage the governance vacuum created by failed or failing States? Is it the introduction of new technologies to military operations like autonomous weapons, cyber capabilities, and unmanned aerial systems? Or is it the application of multiple legal regimes to a single conflict? Collectively, these questions formed the basis for the Complex Battlespaces Workshop in which legal scholars and experts from the field of practice came together to discuss these complexities. During the workshop, there was a general consensus that the existing law was sufficient to regulate modern warfare. The challenge, however, arises in application of the law to new technologies, military operations in urban environments, and other issues related to applying international human rights law and international humanitarian law to non-international armed conflicts. This inaugural volume of the Lieber Book Series seeks to address many of the complexities that arise during the application of international law to modern warfare.

A Fierce Green Fire

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marybeth Lorbiecki
Keyword(s):  
Life Story ◽  
Environmental Literature ◽  
Aldo Leopold ◽  
Paradigm Shifts ◽  
Ripple Effects ◽  
Ecological Vision ◽  
As Species ◽  
Wilderness Areas ◽  
The Face ◽  
History Of

For anyone interested in wildlife, birds, wilderness areas, parks, ecology, conservation, environmental literature, and ethics, the name Aldo Leopold is sure to pop up. Since first publication, Aldo Leopold: A Fierce Green Fire has remained the classic short, inspiring biography of Leopold--the perfect companion to reading his ever popular A Sand County Almanac. Winning numerous awards, this comprehensive account of his life story is dynamic and readable, written in the context of the history of American conservation and illustrated with historic photographs. Marybeth Lorbiecki has now enriched A Fierce Green Fire in a way no other biography on Leopold has, adding numerous chapters on the ripple effects of his ideas, books, ecological vision, land ethic, and Shack, as well as of the ecological contributions of his children, graduate students, contemporary scholars, and organizations--and the wilderness lands he helped preserve. Lorbiecki weaves these stories and factual information into the biography in a compelling way that keeps both lay and academic readers engaged. In the introduction to this edition, Lorbiecki makes it clear how much better our lives are because Leopold lived and why today we so radically need what he left us to bring about paradigm shifts in our ethical, economic, and cultural thinking. Instead of losing relevance, Leopold's legacy has gained ever more necessity and traction in the face of contemporary national and world challenges, such as species loss and climate change. Even the phenological studies he started at as a hobby are proving valuable, showing the climatic shifts that have occurred at the Shack lands since the 1930s, recognized by the plants and animals.

scholarly journals Feasibility Study on the Development of a Deployable Tactical EMP Tent for a Sustainable Military Facility

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Kukjoo Kim ◽  
Kyung-Ryeung Min ◽  
Young-Jun Park
Keyword(s):  
Korean Peninsula ◽  
Military Operations ◽  
Shielding Effectiveness ◽  
Electromagnetic Pulses ◽  
Fixed Weight ◽  
Operational Readiness ◽  
The Military ◽  
Transaction Price ◽  
Delphi Analysis ◽  
Weight Structures

The Korean peninsula is under increasing threat of electromagnetic pulses (EMPs) from neighboring countries; EMP protection facilities are an essential means of ensuring the operational readiness of the military. However, existing EMP protection facilities are manufactured as fixed-weight structures, which limit the mobility of military operations and lead to the misconception of EMP protection as something only required for higher command. The current military and official EMP protection standards require only a uniform shielding effectiveness of 80 dB. Therefore, this study aims to differentiate the existing uniform level of shielding effectiveness of 80 dB into 80 dB, 60 dB, 40 dB, etc. Further, it seeks to derive the factors to be considered when applying various methods, such as shielding rooms, shielding racks, site redundancy, spare equipment, and portable lightweight protective tents, for recovery of failure, instead of the existing protection facilities that rely on shielded rooms by the Delphi analysis. Then, the applicability of lightweight EMP protection is determined after selecting lightweight materials to build a facility. The electromagnetic shielding performance of 21 types of materials was measured in the 30 MHz–1.5 GHz frequency band using ASTM-D-4935-10. The results showed the possibility of developing a lightweight EMP shielding facility, which would save approximately 316,386 tons of concrete, reducing the CO2 emissions by approximately 9,972,489 tons. Assuming that the Korean carbon transaction price is USD 50/ton CO2, the savings are equivalent to USD 49,862,435.

scholarly journals Novel IT Technologies on the Digital Battlefield: The Application of Big Data and Data Mining Technologies

Hadmérnök ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 141-158
Author(s):  
Eszter Katalin Bognár
Keyword(s):  
Data Mining ◽  
Big Data ◽  
Data Processing ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Military Operations ◽  
Textual Data ◽  
Modern Warfare ◽  
Tools And Techniques

In modern warfare, the most important innovation to date has been the utilisation of information as a  weapon. The basis of successful military operations is  the ability to correctly assess a situation based on  credible collected information. In today’s military, the primary challenge is not the actual collection of data.  It has become more important to extract relevant  information from that data. This requirement cannot  be successfully completed without necessary  improvements in tools and techniques to support the acquisition and analysis of data. This study defines  Big Data and its concept as applied to military  reconnaissance, focusing on the processing of  imagery and textual data, bringing to light modern  data processing and analytics methods that enable  effective processing.

Strategy and the Surge

The Last Card ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 296-313
Author(s):  
Joshua Rovner
Keyword(s):  
The Political ◽  
Islamic State ◽  
Military Operations ◽  
Military Action ◽  
Strategic Effect ◽  
Practical Strategy ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Subsequent Rise

This chapter studies the relationship between strategy and the surge. Strategy is the bridge that links military operations and political objectives in war. A practical strategy describes those objectives and explains how military action will achieve them. The chapter disputes the idea that the surge constituted a new US strategy in Iraq. Instead, it can be considered as a “decision to put strategy on hold.” The surge, the chapter argues, encouraged a perverse strategic effect—by obscuring the political objectives of the war, it undercut efforts to forge competent and self-reliant governance in Iraq and contributed to the breakdown of the Iraqi state in the face of the subsequent rise of the Islamic State.

Introduction

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Bleddyn E. Bowen
Keyword(s):  
Earth Orbit ◽  
Space Systems ◽  
Use Of Space ◽  
Weapon Systems ◽  
Space Infrastructure ◽  
Systems Intelligence ◽  
Modern Warfare ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
And Control ◽  
Logical Extension

In 1996 Colin Gray asked ‘where is the theory of space power? Where is the Mahan for the final frontier?’1 This book answers that question by presenting propositions of spacepower and a strategic analogy of Earth orbit as a cosmic coastline. This book’s spacepower theory shows how to think more constructively and critically about the use of space systems in warfare – satellites, their infrastructure, methods of attacking them, and their influence on modern warfare and strategy. Spacepower theory helps to answer questions like ‘will a war begin or be decided in space?’, ‘how do satellites change the way war is conducted on Earth?’ and ‘what difference can space warfare make on Earth?’ Engaging with these questions has never been so important, as the use and deployment of satellites and space infrastructure – or spacepower – have become essential for modern military and economic power. It underpins and shapes a global web of connectivity and information-based economies. It provides new methods of political–economic development and control for continent-sized states. Space warfare is a realistic prospect because space technologies are at the heart of military weapon systems, intelligence, logistics and economics, and the tools for harassing or disabling satellites are spreading. In short, spacepower and the spectre of space warfare cannot be ignored in international relations (IR) and modern strategy. Spacepower represents a logical extension of the concept of power – however defined – in IR and it ‘consists of capabilities designed to control, deny, exploit, and regulate the use of space’....

The Eclipse

2019 ◽  
pp. 107-130
Author(s):  
Samy Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Gaza Strip ◽  
Peace Movement ◽  
Military Operations ◽  
War And Peace ◽  
The Holocaust ◽  
The Face ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Gaza Strip

2006-2010: during these four decisive years in the history of the peace movement, the movement experienced a dramatic eclipse. Within an Israeli society that had grown increasingly nationalist, more attached to symbols of Jewish identity and the memory of the Holocaust, more concerned than ever about security, and less interested in making peace with the Palestinians, the movement was incapable both of promoting a message of peace and taking a stance on the subject of human rights. It seemed apathetic, paralyzed, almost non-existent in the face of the terrible events that marked the period. This chapter shows how and why this eclipse occurred. These years were punctuated by two large-scale military operations, the war in Lebanon in July 2006 and Operation Cast Lead in the Gaza Strip from late 2008 to early 2009. These hostilities caused turmoil in the Israeli collective psychology and the perception of war and peace.

EAGLE/DTA: A Life Cycle Cost Model for Damage Tolerance Assessment

1983 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward J. Reed
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Air Force ◽  
Life Cycle Cost ◽  
Technology Development ◽  
Damage Tolerance ◽  
Low Cycle Fatigue ◽  
Cost Model ◽  
Modeling And Analysis ◽  
Weapon Systems ◽  
Maintenance Requirements

The U.S. Air Force and Pratt & Whitney Aircraft are currently engaged in developing technology to minimize low-cycle fatigue maintenance requirements in future gas turbine engines. The Life Cycle Cost/Damage Tolerance Assessment (LCC/DTA) program is directed toward furthering technology development in two important areas that relate to the overall life cycle cost of advanced Air Force weapon systems: life cycle cost modeling and analysis, and damage tolerance design (DTD). A major goal of the LCC/DTA program is to establish hot-section disk design criteria specifying acceptable levels for life and maintenance actions based on minimum life cycle cost. This paper discusses the methodology developed to evaluate the weapon system LCC impact of designing to damage tolerance criteria.

Is Military Technology Deterministic?

Vulcan ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-33
Author(s):  
Alex Roland
Keyword(s):  
Human Behavior ◽  
Technological Determinism ◽  
Military Technology ◽  
Historical Causation ◽  
Modern Warfare

In their papers prepared for this volume, Kelly DeVries and David Zimmerman explore the differing viewpoints on technological determinism that military historians bring to bear on premodern and modern warfare. This paper analyzes their respective arguments, including DeVries’s introduction of the concepts of effectiveness, invincibility, and decisiveness; it focuses primarily on technological determinism. It explores some concepts of historical causation and concludes that nothing in human behavior is deterministic. It recommends language that can help historians avoid this rhetorical battleground and speak more clearly and judiciously about the factors that shape warfare and affect its outcome.

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