scholarly journals Sudden Stops and Asset Purchase Programmes in the Euro Area

2021 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 375-421
Author(s):  
Josefina Fabiani ◽  
Michael Fidora ◽  
Ralph Setzer ◽  
Andreas Westphal ◽  
Nico Zorell
Keyword(s):  
Direct Effect ◽  
Euro Area ◽  
Econometric Analysis ◽  
Sudden Stops ◽  
Sudden Stop ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Tentative Evidence

This paper analyses the incidence and severity of sudden stops in euro area countries before and after the introduction of the ECB’s asset purchase programmes. We define sudden stops as abrupt declines in private net financial inflows, i.e. total flows adjusted for EU and IMF loans and changes in TARGET2 balances. We document that sudden stop were more frequent and more severe in euro area countries compared to other OECD economies over the period 1999–2020. We find that the susceptibility of euro area countries to severe sudden stops mainly reflects domestic fundamentals whereas there is no clear evidence of an adverse direct effect of being part of the euro area. Moreover, our econometric analysis suggests that the ECB asset purchase programmes have overall almost halved the risk of severe sudden stops in euro area countries. We find tentative evidence that this effect operates through confidence channels.

Present-orientation and the outcome of contemplating death

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 312-329
Author(s):  
Ryo Ishii
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Structural Equation Modeling ◽  
Direct Effect ◽  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Time Perspective ◽  
Ego Identity ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Individual

The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that the outcome of contemplating death during young adulthood, a change in time attitude, is influenced by present-orientation via the views of death. A total of 199 undergraduates responded to a questionnaire assessing time attitude and present-orientation before and after the assignment to contemplate death. The results of structural equation modeling revealed that present-orientation has a direct effect on the outcome, but the view of death does not have a mediated effect. The results of ANOVA also supported the direct effect of present-orientation. The analysis of the individual description showed that present-orientation has relevance with how to think life after contemplating death. The relationships between contemplating death and young adults’ ego identity which is closely related to time perspective were discussed.

Sudden stops in a currency union - some lessons from the euro area

2019 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lena Kraus ◽  
Jürgen Beier ◽  
Bernhard Herz
Keyword(s):  
Euro Area ◽  
Currency Union ◽  
Sudden Stops

scholarly journals Character Association and Path Analysis of Black Cumin (Nigella sativa L.) Genotypes under Different Irrigation Regimes

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaosar BARDIDEH ◽  
Danial KAHRIZI ◽  
Mohammad E. GHOBADI
Keyword(s):  
Path Analysis ◽  
Direct Effect ◽  
Indirect Effect ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Nigella Sativa ◽  
Black Cumin ◽  
Character Association ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Biological Yield ◽  
Thousand Seed Weight

Character association and path analysis were performed for black seed cultivars using a split-plots design based on RCBD with three replications. Three cultivars (‘Varzaneh’, ‘Semirom’ and ‘Mobarakeh’) were studied under three levels of irrigation (normal irrigation, irrigation with drought stress before and after flowering). Under normal and abnormal irrigations the relation of seed yield and three characters biological yield, number of capsule per plant and thousand seed weight were high, positive significantly (p≤0.01); the relation between yield and number of sub branch was positive significantly (p≤0.05). In terms of abnormal irrigation there was a positive significant correlation between essence percent and yield (p≤0.05). Under normal irrigation the most direct effect of traits on yield was obtained from biological yield (0.778) followed the number of capsules per plant (0.245). The most indirect effect of traits on yield was obtained from biological yield through thousand seed weight (0.576) followed stem diameter through biological yield (0.468). Under water deficiency conditions the most direct effect of traits on yield was obtained from biological yield (0.811) followed the number of capsules per plant (0.231). The most indirect effect of traits on yield was obtained from biological yield through thousand seed weight (0.562).

scholarly journals Business cycle (de)synchronization in the aftermath of the global financial crisis: implications for the Euro area

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stelios Bekiros ◽  
Duc Khuong Nguyen ◽  
Gazi Salah Uddin ◽  
Bo Sjö
Keyword(s):  
Monetary Policy ◽  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Business Cycles ◽  
Euro Area ◽  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Wavelet Coherence ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Global Financial Crisis ◽  
The Cost ◽  
European Economies

AbstractThe introduction of Euro currency was a game-changing event intended to induce convergence of Eurozone business cycles on the basis of greater monetary and fiscal integration. The benefit of participating into a common currency area exceeds the cost of losing autonomy in national monetary policy only in case of cycle co-movement. However, synchronization was put back mainly due to country-specific differences and asymmetries in terms of trade and fiscal policies that became profound at the outset of the global financial crisis. As opposed to previous studies that are mostly based on linear correlation or causality modeling, we utilize the cross-wavelet coherence measure to detect and identify the scale-dependent time-varying (de)synchronization effects amongst Eurozone and the broad Euro area business cycles before and after the financial crisis. Our results suggest that the enforcement of an active monetary policy by the ECB during crisis periods could provide an effective stabilization instrument for the entire Euro area. However, as dynamic patterns in the lead-lag relationships of the European economies are revealed, (de)synchronization varies across different frequency bands and time horizons.

Kia Marama: A Cognitive-Behavioural Program for Incarcerated Child Molesters

1995 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen M. Hudson ◽  
William L. Marshall ◽  
Tony Ward ◽  
Peter W. Johnston ◽  
Robin L. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Sex Offenders ◽  
Relapse Prevention ◽  
Child Molesters ◽  
Outcome Data ◽  
Assessment Process ◽  
Behavioural Treatment ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Tentative Evidence ◽  
Distorted Cognitions

A comprehensive cognitive-behavioural treatment program for incarcerated child molesters is described. This program operates within Kia Marama, a medium-security unit for sex offenders in the New Zealand prison system. It lasts 32 weeks and includes a four-week assessment process both before and after the 24 weeks of intensive treatment. Treatment covers a variety of issues including distorted cognitions, sexual issues, victim empathy, social skills, problem solving, life skills, stress management, and relapse-prevention training. In addition, when offenders are released they are supervised by professionals trained in relapse-prevention procedures. As this program began in late 1989, it is too early to properly estimate its success, but similar programs in North America have produced promising outcome data, and what tentative evidence we have to date suggests that the program is valuable.

scholarly journals The implications of religious event and holidays on the transmission of SARS-CoV2 : the impact of behavioral changes on transmission

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdulkarim Abdulrahman ◽  
Muath AlMajthoob ◽  
Abdulla I AlAwadhi ◽  
Manaf M AlQahtani
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Observational Study ◽  
Direct Effect ◽  
Behavioral Changes ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Health Measures ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Public Health Plan ◽  
The Impact

AbstractIntroductionThe risk factors for transmission of SARS-CoV2 have been widely studied and it was evident that a population’s behavior has a direct effect on the risk of transmission. Public health measures and regulation are largely kept to control and direct these behaviors. In this study, we describe the change in transmission in SARS-CoV2 in relation to demographics before and after two major religious events: “Eid Alfitr” and “Ashura”MethodsThis is a national observational study conducted in Bahrain in September 2020 to compare the number and demographics of all newly diagnosed cases before and after Eid Alfitr (religious holiday) and Ashura religious event. A 10 day period before the event was compared to a 10 day period after the event by ten days. Data on the number of tests, number of new cases, their demographics (age, gender, nationality) and presence of symptoms were collected and analyzed.ResultsThere was significant increase in the number of COVID-19 cases after both Eid Alfitr (1997 more cases, with a 67% increase) and Ashura (4232 more cases with 2.19 times more cases). The majority of new cases after the religious events were found in local Bahrainis, from 472 cases to 2169 cases after Eid, and from 2201 to 6639 cases after Ashura. The rise was most notable in females (increased by 4.89 times after Eid and by 2.69 times after Ashura), children (increased by 4.69 times after Eid and by 5 times after Ashura) and elderly above the age of 60 years (increased by 5.7 times after Eid and by 3.23 times after Ashura).ConclusionIt is evident that religious events and holidays have important implications on the transmission of SARS-CoV2. This increased in transmission is related mainly to the behavior of the population in those days. Children, female, and elderly were the most affected categories due to these events. A thorough public health plan to limit the spread of the infection at these events should be planned and implemented ahead of time.

Response of Missile Erector Towers to Sudden Stops or Impact Loads

1957 ◽  
Vol 61 (562) ◽  
pp. 694-696
Author(s):  
Hugh L. Cox
Keyword(s):  
Digital Computer ◽  
Sudden Stops ◽  
Vertical Position ◽  
Impact Loads ◽  
Horizontal Position ◽  
Sudden Stop ◽  
Electronic Digital Computer ◽  
Load Factors

The Cantilever-Type mechanism often used in large missile erectors is subjected to heavy stresses when raising a missile from the horizontal to the vertical position for launching. In the event it becomes necessary to return the missile to the horizontal position, severe stresses in the erector, and possibly the missile itself may be developed if the lowering mechanism causes the erector to stop suddenly just before it reaches the horizontal position. This note presents a simple matric formulation of the problem which enables one who has access to an electronic digital computer to compute maximum deflections and load factors that occur as a result of a sudden stop.

scholarly journals Sudden Stops and Capital Controls: When to Apply in Turkey

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 289
Author(s):  
Cenk Gokce Adas ◽  
F. Yesim Kartalli
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Market ◽  
Theoretical Background ◽  
Capital Inflows ◽  
Sudden Stops ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Capital Movements ◽  
Emerging Market Countries ◽  
Institutional Structures ◽  
Domestic Savings ◽  
Before And After

Emerging market countries need capital inflows to finance their current account deficits since their domestic savings are not at desired levels. Foreign direct investment is the appreciated form of capital inflows. However, indirect capital inflows can also boost growth if used in a proper manner. If a country has weak fundamentals and institutional structures or there exists an external shock, speculative foreign capital can easily and rapidly fly away while leaving a financial crisis behind. In this study, we summarize the theoretical background of sudden stops, and then try to identify the sudden stops in Turkey for 1996-2009 period and question the reasons of such disruptions. We particularly focus on periods just before and after the global financial crises. To identify a sudden stop period we use “means” and “volatilities” as well as changes in capital inflows/GDP ratios. Finally, we attempt to find out inflow control mechanisms to minimize the volatility of capital movements.

cGMP-Mediated Inhibition of cAMP Degradation Stimulates Renin Secretion Without Affecting Renal Hemodynamics.

Hypertension ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 36 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. 711-711
Author(s):  
Cecilia M Sayago ◽  
William H Beierwaltes
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Renal Blood Flow ◽  
Direct Effect ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Second Messenger ◽  
Renal Hemodynamics ◽  
Secretion Rate ◽  
Renin Secretion ◽  
Before And After

P100 The stimulatory second messenger for renin is cAMP, which is degraded by phosphodiesterase (PDE)-3. PDE-3 is inhibited by cGMP, while PDE-5 degrades cGMP. We hypothesized that if endogenous cGMP was increased, it could inhibit PDE-3, increasing cAMP, and stimulating renin. We used the selective PDE-5 inhibitor Zaprinast at a dose we determined would not change either blood pressure or renal blood flow (RBF). In inactin-anesthetized rats, renin secretion rate (RSR) was determined by collecting arterial and renal venous blood while measuring RBF before and 75 min after administering 20 mg/kg bw Zaprinast (n=9) ip, or vehicle (n=7). Blood pressure before and after Zaprinast was unchanged at 102 ±2 and 98 ±2 mmHg, respectively, similar to vehicle controls (107 ±3 to 105 ±4 mmHg). RBF was unchanged by either Zaprinast (5.57 ±0.38 to 5.77 ±0.41 ml/min/gkw) or vehicle (6.21 ±0.47 to 6.25 ±0.42 ml/min/gkw). Zaprinast increased RSR 6-fold (from 2.95 ±1.74 to 17.62 ±5.46 ng Ang1/hr/min, p <0.024), while vehicle had no effect (4.08 ±2.02 to 3.87 ±1.53 ng Ang1/hr/min). Zaprinast also increased renal cGMP excretion from 12.75 ±1.57 to 18.67 ±1.87 p mol/min (p<0.003), while cGMP excretion was unchanged by vehicle (13.07 ±1.76 to 12.42 ±2.16 p mol/min). Thus, inhibition of cGMP degradation by the PDE-5 inhibitor Zaprinast increased endogenous cGMP (as reflected in excretion) and also stimulated renin secretion, despite not significantly changing renal hemodynamics. These data suggest that endogenous cGMP may indirectly regulate renin through its direct effect on cAMP degradation.

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