scholarly journals Virus de papiloma humano y lesión intraepitelial cervical en adolescentes embarazadas

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lissette Mendoza ◽  
Jose Urdaneta ◽  
Chiquinquira Silva ◽  
Isabel Maggiolo ◽  
Nasser Baabel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Pregnant Adolescents ◽  
Papilloma Virus ◽  
Intraepithelial Lesion ◽  
Random Probability

Aim: To compare the presence of Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) and Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion (SIL) in pregnant and non-pregnant adolescents treated at the “Maternidad Dr. Armando Castillo Plaza” in Maracaibo, Venezuela. Patients and Methods: A comparative research with non-experimental transectional and field design was performed; where 46 pregnant adolescents (cases) and 46 non-pregnant adolescents (controls) was included, chosen by random probability sampling, who underwent identification of factors associated with the pathology, evaluation by pap-smear and HPV genotyping by chain reaction of polymerase (PCR). Results: It was found that 32.6% of pregnant women had low grade SIL ( HPV or CIN 1) compared to 21.7% in non-pregnant women, with a risk twice higher (OR [95% CI] = 2.44 [1.05 -5.65]). The molecular diagnosis was positive in half of the total sample, being higher in pregnant women (52.1 vs. 47.9p <0.05); infections with high-risk genotypes predominated 47.8 vs 30.5; p <0.05). HPV 16 was the most prevalent among pregnant women (21.7%) and co-infection by low-risk genotypes (6-11) in non-pregnant women (17.4%). Conclusions: adolescent pregnant women have a higher prevalence of LIE and genital HPV infection, associated with a significant risk of twice the probability of presenting an LIE compared to non-pregnant adolescents.

scholarly journals Frequency of Cervical Pre-Malignancy in Pregnant Women

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Imrana Rasheed ◽  
Khadija Waheed ◽  
Sara Ejaz ◽  
Javeria Mushtaq
Keyword(s):  
Human Papilloma Virus ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Early Marriage ◽  
Smoking History ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Papilloma Virus ◽  
History Of

<p><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p>The abnormal growth of precancerous cells on the surface of the cervix is cervical intraepithelial neo-plasia (CIN). Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia is classified according to extent of the abnormal cell growth and is classified as low grade and high grade. Human papilloma virus, a sexually transmitted virus is commonly associated with CIN. A regular Pap smear test can detect CIN at early stages and this helps in treating disease at early stage and protection against human papilloma virus can be provided with vaccine.</p><p><strong>Objective:</strong><strong>  </strong>To find the frequency of cervical pre-malignancy in pregnant women.</p><p><strong>Patients and Methods:</strong><strong>  </strong>This cross – sectional study was conducted at Department of Obstetrics and Gyna-ecology, Lahore. A total of 260 patients were included in this study. Pap smear samples were collected and fixed in 95% alcohol solution. Smears were sent with a histopathology form for reporting.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong><strong>  </strong>Mean age of the patients was 27.32 ± 5.12 years. Mean gestational age was 29.60 ± 6.36 weeks. Cervical pre-malignancy on pap smear was observed in 8 patients (3.01%). All of them were CIN – I. Stratification with regard to history of smoking, history of oral contraception, low socioeconomic status, multiple marriages and early marriage was done.</p><p><strong>Conclusion:</strong><strong>  </strong>Women having history of low socio-economic status and oral contraceptive were more prevalent in developing CIN. It is recommended that cervical cancer screening by pap smear is for all women who are sexually active.</p><p> </p><p> </p>

scholarly journals Clinical response to glycyrrhizinic acid in genital infection due to human papillomavirus and low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelino Hernandez Valencia ◽  
Adia Carrillo Pacheco ◽  
Tomás Hernández Quijano ◽  
Antonio Vargas Girón ◽  
Carlos Vargas López
Keyword(s):  
Pap Smear ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
The Body ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion ◽  
Cervical Lesions ◽  
Glycyrrhizinic Acid ◽  
Intraepithelial Lesion

Human papilloma virus (HPV) can infect any of the mucosal areas of the body and cause cervical cancer. Until recently, no specific treatments were available for this condition; therefore, any damaged tissue had to be removed or destroyed, which may have presented obstetrical repercussions for some women. Recently, new drugs have been developed that have shown to be effective for the cure of HPV infection. Glycyrrhizinic acid (GA) has shown fewer side effects and its systemic use makes it possible to reach difficultto- treat lesions. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical outcome of GA to eliminate the epithelial lesion and HPV. We carried out a longitudinal, descriptive study that included women of reproductive age who were diagnosed with HPV associated with low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL). Subjects began treatment based on GA using two routes of administration - systemic (oral) and topical (spray) - with assessments every month to determine the clinical changes of the lesions through colposcopy and Papanicolaou (Pap) smear. Simple statistics were used along with two-tailed Student’s t-test; P&lt;0.05 was considered statistically significant before and after treatment. There were 70 eligible patients, of whom 62 fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Age of subjects was 27.8±9.5 years. At the time of the study, 100% of the patients had HPV infection, 40% were associated with LSIL, and only 16% used a barrier contraceptive (condom) method. Resolution was achieved in all patients from 4 weeks of treatment initiation and improvement was achieved in the majority of patients at 12 weeks (74%) (P&lt;0.001). However, there was persistence of LSIL in 27.7% of patients and only one patient progressed to cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) II. The use of GA proved to be effective in resolving clinical HPV lesions. For cervical lesions with epithelial changes (LSIL), treatment may be required for a longer period as with other drugs used for this infection, as well as monitoring for at least 1 year according to the natural evolution of the disease.

scholarly journals PAP smear in pregnancy: a hospital-based study

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 4924
Author(s):  
S. Senthil Priya ◽  
R. Shankar
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Pap Test ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Age At Marriage ◽  
Intraepithelial Lesion ◽  
A Prospective Study ◽  
Inflammatory Changes

Background: Pregnant and non-pregnant women are at similar risk for CIN and cervical cancer. The incidence of abnormal cervical cytologic findings during pregnancy is 0.72 to 1.67%. Approximately 86% of all squamous intraepithelial lesions (SIL) indentified during pregnancy are classified as low-grade SIL, whereas 14% are high- grade SIL. The aim of this study is to assess the incidence of Pap smear abnormalities among antenatal woman presenting to present hospital.Methods: A prospective study was conducted in present medical college hospital in the department of Obstetrics and Gynecology for a period of one year from Jan 2017 to Dec 2017. A total of 200 antenatal women were included in the study. Ayre’s spatula was used to conduct smear tests in this study. All smears were immediately sprayed with a fixative and sent to the department of Pathology. The cytological results were reported based on the Bethesda classification system 2001.Results: The pap smear report revealed that 26% of the subjects had inflammatory changes and for 66% it showed negative for intraepithelial lesion and for only 1% of the subjects had signs related to carcinoma cervix in which one patient had Atypical Squamous Cell of Undetermined Significance (ASCUS) and another patient had Low-grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion (LSIL) and no satisfactory sample was able to be obtained in 6% of the subjects.  In present study authors found a statistically significant association between the age at marriage and the pap smear report, lower the age at marriage (<20 years) higher the incidence of inflammatory changes in the cervix and both the patients who were reported with ASCUS and LSIL were in the age of 15 and 16 years respectively.Conclusions: Clinicians should make every effort to educate, counsel and screen pregnant women if they have not had a Pap test in the past.

Low Utility in Colposcopy-directed Biopsies for Non-high Grade Cytological Abnormalities on PAP Smear

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-22
Author(s):  
Eronmwon E. Gbinigie ◽  
Joshua Fogel ◽  
Maggie Tetrokalashvili
Keyword(s):  
Pap Smear ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Cervical Dysplasia ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion ◽  
Intraepithelial Lesion ◽  
Cytologic Abnormalities ◽  
Cytology Screening

Background: Clinicians commonly perform colposcopy directed biopsies on patients with low grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) on PAP cytology even when not consistent with clinical guidelines. Objective: We study the association of PAP cytology screening results with cervical intra-epithelia neoplasia (CIN) 2-3 high-grade dysplasia, as confirmed by colposcopy-directed biopsy. Methods: A retrospective study of 263 women with an abnormality on the PAP smear. Multinomial logistic regression was performed with predictors of PAP cytology screening results with the outcome variable of colposcopy-directed biopsy. Results: High grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) had significantly increased relative risk for CIN 2-3 (RR: 9.85, 95% CI: 1.84, 52.79, p=0.008). LSIL was not significantly associated with CIN 2-3. In the comparisons of negative with CIN-1, both HSIL and LSIL were not significantly associated with a negative biopsy. Conclusion: HSIL is associated with cervical dysplasia of CIN 2-3 while LSIL is not associated with cervical dysplasia of CIN 2-3. We do not recommend routine biopsies in patients with LSIL cytologic abnormalities unless additional compelling factors exist.

Papillomaviral infection and cervical diseases in pregnant women. Risk factors of social status, reproductive and contraceptive behavior

GYNECOLOGY ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 74-79
Author(s):  
Tamara N. Bebneva ◽  
Galina B. Dikke
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Social Status ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Contraceptive Behavior ◽  
Regular Screening ◽  
History Of ◽  
Cervical Diseases

Aim. To determine the risk factors for human papillomavirus of high carcinogenic risk (HPV HCR) and cervical diseases (CD) in pregnant women associated with the social status, reproductive and contraceptive behavior. Materials and methods. Design: open-label comparative non-interventional cohort study in parallel groups. The total number of patients 330 people, of whom 148 women were negative for HPV and 182 women were positive. They were divided into 4 groups depending on the presence or absence of CD. Methods: analysis of anamnesis data, general clinical, test Kvant-21 to determine HPV, cytological examination, extended colposcopy. Results. The most significant risk factors for HPV HRS infection were identified: history of mycoplasma infection (OR 5.9) and BV (OR 5.3), alcohol consumption (OR 4.0). A history of STIs (trichomoniasis and chlamydial infection), as well as more than 3 sexual partners (OR 2.7) were also significant. The most significant risk factors for CD in HPV-infected women were: age over 35 years (OR 3.8), a history of bacterial vaginosis (OR 3.0), and lack of regular screening (OR 2.4). The coitarche earlier than 16 years old (OR 2.2) also mattered. There were also found factors indicating a low risk of HPV infection the use of condoms (OR 0.3), and a low risk of CD was indicated by age under 25 years (OR 0.2) and regular screening (OR 0.3). Conclusion. HPV infection with HRS and the prevalence of CMC in pregnant women against the background of HPV infection is associated mainly with social risk factors, to a lesser extent with factors of reproductive and contraceptive behavior.

scholarly journals HPV-16 E7-Specific Cellular Immune Response in Women With Cervical Intraepithelial Lesion Contributes to Viral Clearance: A Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Clinical Study

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lina Zhang ◽  
Xinyi Shi ◽  
Qing Zhang ◽  
Zhilei Mao ◽  
Xiaoyu Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Cell Response ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
T Cell Response ◽  
Viral Clearance ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Intraepithelial Lesion ◽  
Longitudinal Clinical Study

High-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is the cause of almost all cervical cancers. HPV16 is one of the main risk subtypes. Although screening programs have greatly reduced the prevalence of cervical cancer in developed countries, current diagnostic tests cannot predict if mild lesions may progress into invasive lesions or not. In the current cross-sectional and longitudinal clinical study, we found that the HPV16 E7-specific T cell response in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of HPV16-infected patients is related to HPV16 clearance. It contributes to protecting the squamous interaepithelial lesion (SIL) from further malignant development. Of the HPV16 infected women enrolled (n = 131), 42 had neither intraepithelial lesion nor malignancy (NILM), 33 had low-grade SIL, 39 had high-grade SIL, and 17 had cervical cancer. Only one of 17 (5.9%) cancer patients had a positive HPV16 E7-specific T cell response, dramatically lower than the groups of precancer patients. After one year of follow-up, most women (28/33, 84.8%) with persistent HPV infection did not exhibit a HPV16 E7-specific T cell response. Furthermore, 3 malignantly progressed women, one progressed to high-grade SIL and two progressed to low-grade SIL, were negative to the HPV16 E7-specific T cell response. None of the patients with a positive HPV16 E7-specific T cell response progressed to further deterioration. Our observation suggests that HPV16 E7-specific T cell immunity is significant in viral clearance and contributes in protection against progression to malignancy.

scholarly journals Adenoid Basal Carcinoma of Cervix: A Rare Case Report

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 392-394
Author(s):  
Alina Karna ◽  
Nisha Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Pap Smear ◽  
Total Abdominal Hysterectomy ◽  
Abdominal Hysterectomy ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion ◽  
Adenoid Cystic ◽  
Carcinoma Of Cervix ◽  
Rare Case Report ◽  
Intraepithelial Lesion

Adenoid basal carcinoma of the uterine cervix is a rare low-grade tumor and its cell origin is still obscure. Adenoid basal carcinoma can be confused with adenoid basal hyperplasia, adenoid cystic carcinoma, and basaloid squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix. We present here a case of a 59 year-old-female who initially presented with a high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion on Pap smear. Total abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy was performed. Histopathology revealed focal invasive adenoid basal carcinoma with extensive areas of a high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion involving the endocervical gland. The immunohistochemical stain was positive for p16.

scholarly journals Evaluation of efficacy and safety of cryotherapy in benign and premalignant cervical lesion

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 3066
Author(s):  
Krishankumar D. Patel ◽  
Ronak D. Karnavat ◽  
Dimple G. Viramgama ◽  
Roma K. Dalal
Keyword(s):  
Pap Smear ◽  
Benign Lesion ◽  
Precancerous Lesion ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Cure Rate ◽  
High Satisfaction ◽  
High Satisfaction Rate ◽  
History Of ◽  
Intraepithelial Lesion ◽  
Postcoital Bleeding

 Background: Cervical cancer ranks 3rd leading cause of cancer in the world. Cervical erosion is mostly asymptomatic in women but when symptoms like postcoital bleeding and vaginal discharge occur in the presence of cervical erosion, it becomes important to identify whether the erosion is a benign lesion or CIN or cancer by means of PAP smear and Biopsy. Treatment for benign and precancerous lesion can be provided by ablative or excisional methods. Cryotherapy was reliably used to treat cervical lesions.Methods: Women among 18 to 60 years of age attending outpatient department who had history of chronic discharge per vaginum, postcoital bleeding, dyspareunia, chronic pelvic pain. Patients were divided in two by PAP smear in erosion with inflammatory changes and presence of low grade squamous intraepithelial lesion. Cryotherapy was performed using double-freeze single session procedure. Each patient was followed up at 2, 6 and at 12 weeks. Complications and patients’ satisfaction were recorded and compared to calculate cure rate of symptoms, healing of lesion.Results: The healing efficacy of cryotherapy at 6th and 12th week was 87.8% and 91.1% respectively. Cryotherapy had high satisfaction rate. The cure rate was not affected by location of lesion and size of lesion in both inflammation and LSIL.Conclusions: Cryotherapy is an effective method for treatment of cervical erosion and effectively eliminates symptoms. Patients were highly satisfied. Cryotherapy is cheap, easy, and safe treatment. It is suitable for both hospital and office-based practice.

scholarly journals Cervical cytochemistry: a potential adjunct to cytomorphology for detection of abnormal cells in cervical cancer screening

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1639-1644
Author(s):  
Indrani Krishnappa ◽  
Kalyani R. ◽  
Raja Parthiban ◽  
Abhishek Agrawal
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Cervical Cancer Screening ◽  
Cancer Detection ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Pap Test ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Smear Examination ◽  
Intraepithelial Lesion

Background: Pap smear examination has been universally used as an effective screening tool for early detection of cervical carcinoma. The aim of this study was to assess the utility of Cervical Acid Phosphatase staining as an adjunct to routine Pap smear testing to improvethe sensitivity and specificity of routine Pap smear examination for cervical cancer detection. Materials and Methods: Cervical smears were taken from patients attending the gynecology department and a few cervical cancer screening programmes. One set of slides were alcohol fixed and stained with rapid pap stain and another set of slides were fixed in a special fixative and stained with Cervical Acid Phosphatase -Pap stain. The nuclear features of these Cervical Acid Phosphatase stained dysplastic cells was studied on Pap stain to diagnose cervical intraepithelial lesion/ malignancy. Results: Out of 489 cases included in the study 6 cases were diagnosed with intraepithelial lesion/ malignancy. On Cervical Acid Phosphatase -Pap stain 2 of the cases diagnosed as inflammatory smears on pap stain showed Cervical Acid Phosphatase positivity and thus were re evaluated. Mild nuclear atypia was observed in the Cervical Acid Phosphatase positive cells and these cases were diagnosed as Low grade squamous intraepithelial lesion and later biopsy proven to be Cervical intraepithelial Neoplasia I. Therefore Cervical Acid Phosphatase -Pap test was 100% sensitive and specific for cervical cancer detection. Conclusions: With 100% sensitivity Cervical Acid Phosphatase -Pap test satisfies the criteria of an efficient screening test.

scholarly journals Evaluation of cervicovaginal smear results at postmenopausal period

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sefa Kelekci ◽  
Emre Destegül ◽  
Servet Gençdal ◽  
Emre Ekmekçi ◽  
Hüseyin Aydoğmuş ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Premalignant Lesions ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Squamous Intraepithelial Lesion ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
Postmenopausal Period ◽  
Pap Smear Screening ◽  
Intraepithelial Lesion

<p>This study evaluates the statistical analysis of cervicovaginal smear results at postmenopausal period accompanied by literature. Cervicovaginal smear results of 894 postmenopausal women were evaluated retrospectively according to the 2001 Bethesda system (BS) in Adana Numune Training and Research Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinic from 2007–2010. The study found, normal results on 287 patients (32.1%), benign findings on 556 patients (62.2%), abnormal epithelial cell changes on 48 patients (5.36%) and malignant changes on 3 patients (0.33%). The abnormal epithelial changes were observed to be atypical cells of undetermined significance (ASC-US) for 22 patients (2.46%), <a href="http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/high-grade+squamous+intraepithelial+lesion">low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion</a> (LSIL) for 11 patients (1.23%), <a href="http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/high-grade+squamous+intraepithelial+lesion">high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion</a> (HSIL) for 7 patients (0.78%), findings that cannot exclude a high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (ASC-H) for 6 patients (0.55%) and atypical glandular cells-not otherwise specified (AGC-NOS) for 2 patients (0.22%). Malignant results were 2 squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) (0.22%) and 1 adenocarcinoma (ACC) (0.11%). Cervical cancer screening programs should be expanded and Pap smear screening should be applied to all postmenopausal women. The longer time span involved from premalignant lesions to cancer improves our chance for the diagnosis and treatment. As the incidence of invasive cancer increases in menopausal period, gynecological smear examination and regular check-up are crucial. A high rate of abnormalities of epithelial cells was detected in this study.</p><p> </p>

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