scholarly journals Transformation of hydrophobic flavonoids catechin, dihydroquercetin and quercetin into water-soluble structures

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (10) ◽  
pp. 14-21
Author(s):  
Alexander M. Koroteev ◽  
◽  
Garry Z. Kaziev ◽  
Mikhail P. Koroteev ◽  
Anna F. Stepnova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
The Body ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Hydroxyl Groups ◽  
Main Role ◽  
Natural Amino Acid ◽  
Solubility In Water ◽  
Poorly Water Soluble ◽  
Guanidine Moiety ◽  
Formation Of Complexes

The paper describes methods for the transformation of poorly water-soluble flavonoids: dihydroquercetin, catechin and quercetin into water-soluble forms during the formation of supromolecular adducts with β-cyclodextrin and salt-type ionic complexes with the natural amino acid L-arginine, which contains a guanidine moiety properties necessary to create a cationic structure when interacting with phenolic groups. First, a methodology was developed for the synthesis of supromolecular structures, in which flavonoids were incorporated into a cyclodextrin matrix. As a result, the solubility in water at 20 °C of encapsulated flavonoids increased by more than two orders of magnitude. In the formation of complexes of cyclodextrin with flavonoids, the main role is played not by hydrogen bonds between the hydroxyl groups of flavonoids and β-cyclodextrin - in the case of dihydroquercetin and catechin, they are different and similar in the case of dihydroquercetin and quercetin, but the spatial orientation of the pyrocatechol cycle B (due to the flat conjugation of the entire molecule and due to sp2 is the structure of the second carbon atom of the pyran ring). Another implemented approach for obtaining water-soluble flavonoids at room temperature is the creation of their salts with the natural amino acid L-arginine, which is a part of proteins and is involved in several vital processes in the body. The structure of the obtained compounds was proved by the methods of NMR spectroscopy on 13C nuclei and X-ray structural analysis, the composition – by elemental analysis.

Polyphenols in Food: Cancer Prevention and Apoptosis Induction

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (36) ◽  
pp. 4740-4757 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashita Sharma ◽  
Mandeep Kaur ◽  
Jatinder Kaur Katnoria ◽  
Avinash Kaur Nagpal
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Prevention ◽  
Defense Mechanism ◽  
Antioxidant Property ◽  
The Body ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Hydroxyl Groups

Polyphenols are a group of water-soluble organic compounds, mainly of natural origin. The compounds having about 5-7 aromatic rings and more than 12 phenolic hydroxyl groups are classified as polyphenols. These are the antioxidants which protect the body from oxidative damage. In plants, they are the secondary metabolites produced as a defense mechanism against stress factors. Antioxidant property of polyphenols is suggested to provide protection against many diseases associated with reactive oxygen species (ROS), including cancer. Various studies carried out across the world have suggested that polyphenols can inhibit the tumor generation, induce apoptosis in cancer cells and interfere in progression of tumors. This group of wonder compounds is present in surplus in natural plants and food products. Intake of polyphenols through diet can scavenge ROS and thus can help in cancer prevention. The plant derived products can also be used along with conventional chemotherapy to enhance the chemopreventive effects. The present review focuses on various in vitro and in vivo studies carried out to assess the anti-carcinogenic potential of polyphenols present in our food. Also, the pathways involved in cancer chemopreventive effects of various subclasses (flavonoids, lignans, stilbenes and phenolic acids) of polyphenols are discussed.

scholarly journals A Malonyl-Based Scaffold for Conjugatable Multivalent Carbohydrate-BODIPY Presentations

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (11) ◽  
pp. 2050 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clara Uriel ◽  
Rebeca Sola-Llano ◽  
Jorge Bañuelos ◽  
Ana Gomez ◽  
J. Lopez
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Hydroxyl Groups ◽  
Synthetic Route ◽  
Fluorescent Markers ◽  
Boron Dipyrromethene

A concise synthetic route from methylmalonate to a tetravalent aliphatic scaffold has been developed. The ensuing tetra-tethered derivative is equipped with two hydroxyl groups, as well as orthogonal alkene and alkyne functionalities. The usefulness of the scaffold has been demonstrated with the preparation of two representative multivalent derivatives: (i) a tetravalent compound containing two D-mannose units, one fluorescent boron-dipyrromethene (BODIPY) dye and a suitably functionalized amino acid and (ii) by way of dimerization and saponification, a water-soluble tetramannan derivative containing two fluorescent BODIPY units. Additionally, photophysical measurements conducted on these derivatives support the viability of the herein designed single and double BODIPY-labeled carbohydrate-based clusters as fluorescent markers.

scholarly journals Analysis of changes in hematological indexes and essential trace elements metabolism under the using of vitamin-amino acid complex

2021 ◽  
pp. 147-158
Author(s):  
N. Vovkotrub ◽  
A. Melnyk ◽  
L. Bogatko ◽  
O. Piddubnyak ◽  
S. Sokolenko
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
The Body ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Acid Complex ◽  
Amino Acid Complex

It has been established that the level of blood parameters in the body of sheep is not always stable and often depends on the breed, sex, their physiological state, the level of productivity, feeding and housing conditions. Among the factors that determine the optimal sheep nutritional level, not the last place is occupied by their provision with a sufficient amount of essential amino acids, especially lysine, methionine, cystine, and vitamins, given their physiological importance for the animal body. The overwhelming amount of them is able to be synthesized in the sheep rumen with the help of microorganisms of the gastrointestinal tract, however, some of them are irreplaceable, that is, those whose balance must be replenished through feed rations. The article describes the use of the vitamin-amino acid complex "Аlphabet for Animals" in sheep, containing a complex of fat-and water-soluble vitamins, as well as amino acids, which contribute to the normalization of metabolism in the body of small ruminants, increase its resistance, have a positive effect on productivity, safety and reproductive animals functions. During the research, the effect of this feed additive on hemocytopoiesis and the exchange of essential micronutrients in ewes were studied. After a double use of the additive, an increase in the processes of erythrocytopoiesis was established, as evidenced by an increase in the number of blood erythrocytes by 21.2% and the hemoglobin content by 11.2%, stabilization of the size and degree of saturation of erythrocytes with hemoglobin, as evidenced by a decrease in MCH and MCV indices. There were no significant changes in the content of essential micronutrients in the blood serum of sheep under the influence of the "Alphabet for Animals", and a slight increase of zinc content in the blood was noted in sheep after the second injection of the drug. At the same time, in the blood of experimental animals group a significant increase the iron content on average up to 129.5±7.33 μg/100 ml (p<0.05) was established, and the number of animals with a low amount of blood iron was only 12.5 %. The number of leukocytes in the sheep blood of both groups was within the normal range and during the second and third blood tests did not change significantly. Key words: sheep, feeding, feed additives, amino acids, vitamins, hemocytopoiesis, essential micronutrients.

scholarly journals Formation of Self-Assembled Mesophases During Lipid Digestion

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna C. Pham ◽  
Andrew J. Clulow ◽  
Ben J. Boyd
Keyword(s):  
Self Assembly ◽  
Liquid Crystalline ◽  
The Body ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Aqueous Environment ◽  
Lipid Digestion ◽  
Gastrointestinal Digestion ◽  
Poorly Water Soluble Drugs ◽  
Water Soluble Drugs ◽  
Poorly Water Soluble

Lipids play an important role in regulating bodily functions and providing a source of energy. Lipids enter the body primarily in the form of triglycerides in our diet. The gastrointestinal digestion of certain types of lipids has been shown to promote the self-assembly of lipid digestion products into highly ordered colloidal structures. The formation of these ordered colloidal structures, which often possess well-recognized liquid crystalline morphologies (or “mesophases”), is currently understood to impact the way nutrients are transported in the gut and absorbed. The formation of these liquid crystalline structures has also been of interest within the field of drug delivery, as it enables the encapsulation or solubilization of poorly water-soluble drugs in the aqueous environment of the gut enabling a means of absorption. This review summarizes the evidence for structure formation during the digestion of different lipid systems associated with foods, the techniques used to characterize them and provides areas of focus for advancing our understanding of this emerging field.

scholarly journals The Influence of Supplementation of Anthocyanins on Obesity-Associated Comorbidities: A Concise Review

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 687 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhagavathi Sundaram Sivamaruthi ◽  
Periyanaina Kesika ◽  
Chaiyavat Chaiyasut
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
The Body ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Optimum Dose ◽  
Hydroxyl Groups ◽  
Inflammatory Status ◽  
Obese Subjects

Anthocyanins are water-soluble plant pigments, and based on their chemical structure (nature, position, and the number of sugar moieties attached; the number of hydroxyl groups; acylation of sugars with acids) about 635 different anthocyanins have been identified and reported from plants. Cyanidin, peonidin, pelargonidin, petunidin, and malvidin are the commonly found anthocyanidins (aglycon forms of anthocyanins) in edible plants out of almost 25 anthocyanidins that are identified (based on the position of methoxyl and hydroxyl groups in the rings) in nature. Anthocyanins are known for numerous health benefits including anti-diabetes, anti-obesity, anti-inflammatory bowel disease, anti-cancer, etc. Obesity can be defined as excessive or abnormal adipose tissue and body mass, which increases the risk of developing chronic diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, cancers, etc. The manuscript summarizes the recent updates in the effects of anthocyanins supplementation on the health status of obese subjects, and briefly the results of in vitro and in vivo studies. Several studies confirmed that the consumption of anthocyanins-rich food improved obesity-associated dysbiosis in gut microbiota and inflammation in adipose tissue. Anthocyanin consumption prevents obesity in healthy subjects, and aids in maintaining or reducing the body weight of obese subjects, also improving the metabolism and energy balance. Though preclinical studies proved the beneficial effects of anthocyanins such as the fact that daily intake of anthocyanin rich fruits and vegetables might aid weight maintenance in every healthy individual, Juҫara pulp might control the inflammatory status of obesity, Queen garnet plum juice reduced the blood pressure and risk factors associated with metabolic disorders, and highbush organic blueberries improved the metabolism of obese individuals, we don’t have an established treatment procedure to prevent or manage the over-weight condition and its comorbidities. Thus, further studies on the optimum dose, duration, and mode of supplementation of anthocyanins are required to develop an anthocyanins-based clinical procedure.

Enhancement of water solubility of poorly water-soluble drugs by new biocompatible N-acetyl amino acid N-alkyl cholinium-based ionic liquids

2019 ◽  
Vol 137 ◽  
pp. 227-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana R. Jesus ◽  
Mário R.C. Soromenho ◽  
Luís R. Raposo ◽  
José M.S.S. Esperança ◽  
Pedro V. Baptista ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Poorly Water Soluble Drugs ◽  
Water Soluble Drugs ◽  
Poorly Water Soluble

NANO-SIZED SOLID DISPERSION OF A POORLY WATER-SOLUBLE DRUG

2012 ◽  
pp. 31-35
Author(s):  
Truong Dinh Thao Tran ◽  
Ha Lien Phuong Tran ◽  
Nghia Khanh Tran ◽  
Van Toi Vo
Keyword(s):  
Drug Release ◽  
Droplet Size ◽  
Solid Dispersion ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Drug Dissolution ◽  
Dissolution Enhancement ◽  
Particle Size Reduction ◽  
Water Soluble Drug ◽  
Poorly Water Soluble ◽  
Poorly Water Soluble Drug

Purposes: Aims of this study are dissolution enhancement of a poorly water-soluble drug by nano-sized solid dispersion and investigation of machenism of drug release from the solid dispersion. A drug for osteoporosis treatment was used as the model drug in the study. Methods: melting method was used to prepare the solid dispersion. Drug dissolution rate was investigated at pH 1.2 and pH 6.8. Drug crystallinity was studied using differential scanning calorimetric and powder X-ray diffraction. In addition, droplet size and contact angle of drug were determined to elucidate mechanism of drug release. Results: Drug dissolution from the solid dispersion was significantly increased at pH 1.2 and pH 6.8 as compared to pure drug. Drug crystallinity was changed to partially amorphous. Also dissolution enhancement of drug was due to the improved wettability. The droplet size of drug was in the scale of nano-size when solid dispersion was dispersed in dissolution media. Conclusions: nano-sized solid dispersion in this research was a successful preparation to enhance bioavailability of a poorly water-soluble drug by mechanisms of crystal changes, particle size reduction and increase of wet property.

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