scholarly journals ROAD TRANSPORT IN TOURISM: IMPLEMENTING SUCCESSFULLY AIR TRANSPORT PRACTICES

1970 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-70
Author(s):  
Emmanouil Christofakis ◽  
Theodoros Stavrinoudis ◽  
Spyridon Kapitsinas ◽  
Andreas Papatheodorou ◽  
Dimitrios Pappas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Best Practices ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Air Transport ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
The Road ◽  
The World ◽  
Low Cost Carrier ◽  
Additional Demand

Transportation has always been closely connected to the development of a region. Technological advancements as well as the increase of the available income has set the fundamentals for more effective ways of transportation. At the same time, tourism flourishes and more people travel around the world. To accommodate this additional demand, airlines introduced several strategies; among others, the Low Cost Carrier (LCC) business model has played a disruptive role. At the same time, road transport operators started to implement several strategies, some of which are inspired from the airline sector. Road transport operations, mainly undertaken by coaches, introduced several strategies to address the evolving demand. This paper presents a wide overview of the Greek road transport sector and its related legal framework. The review aims to identify and discuss the best practices, introduced by the airlines, and fruitfully apply them in the context of the road transport sector.

scholarly journals The Biomethane Injection into the Natural Gas Networks: The EU’s Gas Synergy Path

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 34-50
Author(s):  
J. Savickis ◽  
L. Zemite ◽  
N. Zeltins ◽  
I. Bode ◽  
L. Jansons ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Gas Networks ◽  
The Road ◽  
The Eu

AbstractBiomethane is one of the most promising renewable gases (hereafter – RG) – a flexible and easily storable fuel, and, when used along with the natural gas in any mixing proportion, no adjustments on equipment designed to use natural gas are required. In regions where natural gas grids already exist, there is a system suitable for distribution of the biomethane as well. Moreover, improving energy efficiency and sustainability of the gas infrastructure, it can be used as total substitute for natural gas. Since it has the same chemical properties as natural gas, with methane content level greater than 96 %, biomethane is suitable both for heat and electricity generation, and the use in transport.Biomethane is injected into the natural gas networks of many Member States of the European Union (hereafter – the EU) on a regular basis for more than a decade, with the Netherlands, Germany, Austria, Sweden and France being among pioneers in this field. In most early cases, permission to inject biomethane into the natural gas grids came as part of a policy to decarbonize the road transport sector and was granted on a case-by-case basis. The intention to legally frame and standardise the EU’s biomethane injection into the natural gas networks came much later and was fulfilled in the second half of the present decade.This paper addresses the biomethane injection into the natural gas grids in some EU countries, highlights a few crucial aspects in this process, including but not limited to trends in standardisation and legal framework, injection conditions and pressure levels, as well as centralised biogas feedstock collection points and the biomethane injection facilities. In a wider context, the paper deals with the role of biomethane in the EU energy transition and further use of the existing natural gas networks.

scholarly journals PERLINDUNGAN HAK KONSUMEN MENGENAI PEMBERLAKUAN TARIF BATAS ATAS DAN BATAS BAWAH JASA ANGKUTAN UDARA BERDASARKAN UNDANG-UNDANG PERLINDUNGAN KONSUMEN NOMOR 8 TAHUN 1999 (DALAM KASUS PENYEDIA LAYANAN LOW COST CARRIER (LCC) MASKAPAI LION AIR)

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 1001
Author(s):  
Nava Aprilda Wati ◽  
A.M. Tri Anggraini
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Air Transport ◽  
High Increase ◽  
Transport Services ◽  
Consumer Rights ◽  
Expert Interview ◽  
Low Cost Carrier ◽  
Ticket Prices ◽  
Lower Limits ◽  
Very High

In early 2019 there was a very high increase in ticket prices. Ticket prices for domestic routes in Indonesia have not gone down, which is a complaint of consumers and make complaints to government agencies such as BPKN and YLKI. However, this has become the spotlight of the Minister of Transportation, raising the lower limit tariff, but this is actually considered ineffective because it can only protect airlines. This is considered to have violated consumer rights as stipulated in the UUPK. The issue of how the regulations and government policies in terms of tariff determination from the perspective of consumer protection and how the protection of consumer rights regarding the imposition of upper and lower limits of air transport services based on Law No. 8 of 1999. The author conducts research in this issue using normative methods supported by expert interview data. The author analyzes that this problem violates the consumer rights of Article 4 regulated by UUPK and analyzes from the Minister of Transportation Regulation PM 20 of 2019 concerning Procedures and Formulation of Calculation of Tariff Limit for Passengers in Economy Class Services for Scheduled Domestic Commercial Air Transport and Minister of Transportation Decree KM 106 of 2019 concerning the Tariff Limit on Passengers of Economy Class Scheduled Domestic Commercial Air Transport Services. The suggestion that can be given by the writer is that the ministry of transportation should oversee airlines in determining tariffs and services to remain balanced and not to the detriment of consumers.

scholarly journals THE EVOLUTION OF LOW COST CARRIERS IN AUSTRALIA

Aviation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 203-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Panarat Srisaeng ◽  
Glenn S. Baxter ◽  
Graham Wild
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Air Travel ◽  
Air Transport ◽  
Market Segment ◽  
Service Network ◽  
Air Transport Industry ◽  
Low Cost Carriers ◽  
Low Cost Carrier ◽  
Network Carrier ◽  
Second Wave

Due to the vast distances across the country as well as between urban centres, Australia is heavily reliant upon its air transport industry. Following deregulation of Australia's domestic air travel market on the 30th October, 1990, low cost carriers have entered the market. Australia's LCC market has had three discrete phases. The first wave occurred between 1990 and 1993 and was subsequently followed by a duopoly period in 1994–1999. The second wave occurred between 2000 and 2006 and the final wave has been in the post-2006 period. This paper examines the evolution of Australia's domestic low cost carrier airline market and finds that by 2010, low cost carriers had captured around 64 per cent of the market. Following the evolution of the “Virgin Australia” business model from a low cost carrier to a full service network carrier, commencing in 2011, the low cost carrier's market share has declined significantly and is now around 31 per cent. “Jetstar” and “Tiger Airways” are the two major carriers presently operating in this market segment.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Effects of Electrification of the Road Transport Sector on the Possible Penetration of Nuclear Fusion in the Long-Term European Energy Mix

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 3634
Author(s):  
Daniele Lerede ◽  
Chiara Bustreo ◽  
Francesco Gracceva ◽  
Yolanda Lechón ◽  
Laura Savoldi
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Nuclear Fusion ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
The Other ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Consumption Pattern ◽  
Deep Penetration ◽  
The Road

The European Roadmap towards the production of electricity from nuclear fusion foresees the potential availability of nuclear fusion power plants (NFPPs) in the second half of this century. The possible penetration of that technology, typically addressed by using the global energy system EUROFusion TIMES Model (ETM), will depend, among other aspects, on its costs compared to those of the other available technologies for electricity production, and on the future electricity demand. This paper focuses on the ongoing electrification process of the transport sector, with special attention devoted to road transport. A survey on the present and forthcoming technologies, as foreseen by several manufacturers and other models, and an international vehicle database are taken into account to develop the new road transport module, then implemented and harmonized inside ETM. Following three different storylines, the computed results are presented in terms of the evolution of the road transport demand in the next decades, fleet composition and CO 2 emissions. The ETM results are in line with many other studies. On one hand, they highlight, for the European road transport energy consumption pattern, the need for dramatic changes in the transport market, if the most ambitious environmental goals are to be pursued. On the other hand, the results also show that NFPP adoption on a commercial scale could be justified within the current projection of the investment costs, if the deep penetration of electricity in the road transport sector also occurs.

scholarly journals Prediction of Exhaust Emission Costs in Air and Road Transportation

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (17) ◽  
pp. 4688 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olja Čokorilo ◽  
Ivan Ivković ◽  
Snežana Kaplanović
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Structure Type ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Air Transport ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Exhaust Emission ◽  
Vehicle Speed ◽  
Road Transportation

In this paper, the calculation of exhaust emission costs originating from aircraft and road vehicles in the base year 2017 and in the forecasting year 2032, in the Republic of Serbia, was carried out. The presented methodology includes a number of influential factors for air transport (airport capacity, number of operations, aircraft type, relevant engine, range) and for road transport (changing of traffic volumes, design and operating speeds, the quality of the pavement structure, type of terrain and category of road sections, dependence of exhaust emission from changes in vehicle speed). It was found that in the current operating conditions, the dominant costs in the total exhaust emission costs are the costs of nitrogen oxides (61%) in road transport, whilst carbon dioxide costs are dominant in air transport (52%). In the future, carbon dioxide costs will have a share of over 80% in the road transport sector and over 58% in the air transport sector in total exhaust emission costs. The average exhaust emission costs per one aircraft operation (international flights) will range from 141 to 145€. In road transport, the average exhaust emission costs at 100 km in 2032 will range from 1.8 to 2.2€.

Battery charging infrastructure as one of the elements of electromobility progress in Poland

2018 ◽  
Vol 121 ◽  
pp. 329-340
Author(s):  
Ewelina Sendek-Matysiak ◽  
Emilia Szumska
Keyword(s):  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Battery Charging ◽  
Charging Infrastructure ◽  
Electric Cars ◽  
Limited Availability ◽  
Automotive Market ◽  
Low Emission ◽  
The World

It is expected that until 2025 there will be million electric cars (PEV) running on Polish roads [20]. These vehicles are undisputedly an important part of actions being undertaken in order to reach low-emission mobility in the area of road transport, responsible for 70% of GHG emissions from the whole transport sector. Although PEV cars have a number of advantages, they still have minor share in the automotive market, not only in Poland, but all over the world. Limited availability of public charging points still remain one of the key barriers for further progress of electromobility. In this study the authors will present current condition of charging infrastructure in Poland compared to other countries. They will also try to answer the question whether introduction of a number of incentives leads to faster electromobility progress.

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