scholarly journals Water Resource Management, Quality and Climate Change in Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 1166-1176
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Nouban ◽  
Serah Onuh John ◽  
Nura Yunusa ◽  
Alkasim Aminu ◽  
Zachariah Madaki
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Water Resource Management ◽  
Premature Mortality ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Policy Framework ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Surface Water Resources ◽  
Groundwater Source

Nigeria is endowed with natural water resources abundantly, the country has substantial annual rainfall, large water bodies such as rivers, streams, lakes etc. and abundant groundwater reservoirs which are least developed and utilized which resulted in economic, social, environmental and health costs, such as a high rate of premature mortality and morbidity resulting from contamination of consumption, pollution of environmental and environmental resources, pollution and overexploitation of ground and surface water resources and low income and productivity. Therefore, enabling citizens with access to potable water is paramount. Although conjugate or integral water management or monitoring inhabited with limited studies even in Nigeria where over 57% of the population rely on groundwater source the management approaches is practically scanty while integral water use studied extensively, the study recognized the integrated water resources managements (IWRM), internationally recognized principles to support the effort of ensuring robust policy framework and appropriate investments in Nigeria’s fresh water resources to enable the citizens with unlimited access to portable water.

scholarly journals An analytic-geospatial approach for sustainable water resource management: a case study in the province of Perugia

2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (2s) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Casadei ◽  
Michele Bellezza ◽  
Luca Casagrande ◽  
Arnaldo Pierleoni
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Resource ◽  
Water Resource Management ◽  
Evaluation Model ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Surface Water Resources ◽  
Hydrogeological Characteristics ◽  
Basin Scale ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Water Uses

Water is a strategic, but also highly vulnerable, natural resource. This because the increasing demand from multiple uses, in many cases competing amongst them, seems to influence the concepts of sustainability of the exploitation. From the operational point of view, the studied system is an integrated decision support system. It is not only a platform to exchange information and assessments, but also a tool for conflict resolution, in the management of water resources, to obtain the consensus among all participants in the decisional processes. So the canonical “top-down” approach has been replaced with a “bottom-up” approach where all stakeholders become decision makers themselves. The application of the aforementioned approach was studied for the Tiber River basin and has been applied to the Province of Perugia area. The study focused to the building of a spatial database of hydrological data and multipurpose water withdrawals, together with the setting of the evaluation model for the surface water resources. This model bases its algorithms on regionalization procedures of flow parameters. For the definition of the river condition, hydrological indices calculated from the hydrological database have been used, while for the existing withdrawals, an analysis procedure has been developed, that from the point of interest directly selected on the map, finds out the upstream basin and, by means of overlay procedures, identifies the upstream water uses and the total flow that could be extracted. The potential of the system and the technologies used are contained in a WEB platform that allows the analysis of the database of water uses/withdrawals on the cartography, and the comparison with the hydrogeological characteristics of the sub-basin examined. The purpose of this study is to provide software tools that can be used as a support in water resource evaluation and management policies at the basin scale.

scholarly journals Reasonable exploitation the middle-upper Pleistocene aquifer in Ca Mau peninsula

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 76-87
Author(s):  
Tu Dinh Nguyen ◽  
Hai Hong Dao
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Groundwater Level ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Groundwater Resource ◽  
Upper Pleistocene ◽  
Surface Water Resources ◽  
Pleistocene Aquifer ◽  
Groundwater Source ◽  
Very High

It is indicated from the research results that the middle-upper Pleistocene aquifer (qp2-3) in Ca Mau peninsula region has the groundwater source which is formed including static reserves, marginal penetration reserves, and other aquifer penetration reserves, in which the static reserves ranges greatly. The unreasonable exploitation of groundwater with a great number of wells in the qp2-3 aquifer exceeded the limit reserve, as a result, the annual lowering of the groundwater level is very high, and other sustainable values of this aquifer exceeded the limits many times. From the research, it is very necessary to collaborate between the local governments in managing and exploiting the groundwater resource. And the urgent solution is to select the exploitation areas, to balance the reasonable number of wells, and to manage the exploitation volume. Another solution is to research the exploitation capacities of deeper aquifers, and to have an effective plan of using rainwater and surface water resources in parallel.

scholarly journals Hydrological simulation as subside for management of surface water resources at the Mortes River Basin

2016 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 390-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eliete Nazaré Eduardo ◽  
Carlos Rogério de Mello ◽  
Marcelo Ribeiro Viola ◽  
Phillip Ray Owens ◽  
Nilton Curi
Keyword(s):  
Resource Management ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Water Resource ◽  
Water Resource Management ◽  
Swat Model ◽  
Model Performance ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Hydrological Simulation ◽  
Surface Water Resources

ABSTRACT Hydrological models are tools which describe processes and allow predicting the results of making management decisions, and are an important water resource management tool, especially for small-sized watersheds. This work had as an objective to test different calibration strategies and apply the SWAT model for hydrological simulation of the Mortes River Basin, MG. We evaluated 6 fluviometric stations, with drainage area between 272 and 6070 km² for purposes of water resource management. The evaluation of the model performance was conducted by using Nash-Sutcliffe coefficients (CNS) and percent bias (PBIAS). The results obtained from the statistic indices applied in the analysis of the model performance qualified the SWAT hydrological model as adequate for streamflow simulation in the Mortes River Basin. The adopted strategies attest to the applicability of the model as a management tool for water resources planning for other small-sized watersheds without data, in order to plan for rational water use.

scholarly journals Inventorization of Water Resources in Solan Block of Himachal Pradesh, India

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 456-465
Author(s):  
Shalini Chauhan ◽  
S.K. Bhardwaj
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Water Resource Management ◽  
Himachal Pradesh ◽  
Water Requirement ◽  
Total Water ◽  
Water Storage Capacity ◽  
Surface Water Resources ◽  
People’S Perception ◽  
Quality Water

The present investigations entitled “Inventorization of Water Resources in Solan Block of Himachal Pradesh” was conducted during 2012-13, with the objective to prepare a detailed inventory of water resources in the area, some latest had also been added. For inventory, a survey was conducted as per prestructured proforma. People’s perception was also recorded to verify the inventorization. In Solan Block the total number of water resources recorded in the field were 3218. Out of which 3070 number of water resources are being commercially exploited for use. A total of 412 hand pumps were installed in the area till December 2016. Out of the total water resources in Solan District, 22% ground and 30% surface water resources were in Solan Block. The people’s perception indicated that out of 35 panchayats, seven panchayats had water deficiency. In Solan Block 5.29 sq. km of total area was covered under 18 major irrigation schemes till 2016. A total population of 70,643 in rural area of Solan Block had a water requirement of 13,06,189.07 gallons per day whereas, that of urban population (45,845) was 15,13,801.9 gallons per day. The total water requirement of Solan Block calculated was 28,19,990.97 gallons per day for a population of 1,16,488 (Census 2011). The total water storage capacity in Solan Block on an average was 63,07,388.64 gallons to meet the demand of inhabitants along with water requirement for other purposes. But many times this capacity remained unutilized due to less water availability. Periodic water resource management is thus recommended for sustaining quality water availability.

Preterm Birth, Inflammation and Infection: New Alternative Strategies for their Prevention

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 354-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Víctor M. Muñoz-Pérez ◽  
Mario I. Ortiz ◽  
Raquel Cariño-Cortés ◽  
Eduardo Fernández-Martínez ◽  
Leticia Rocha-Zavaleta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Neonatal Outcomes ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Alternative Strategies ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Therapeutic Benefits ◽  
Gynecology And Obstetrics

Background:Worldwide, the progress in reducing neonatal mortality has been very slow. The rate of preterm birth has increased over the last 20 years in low-income and middle-income countries. Its association with increased mortality and morbidity is based on experimental studies and neonatal outcomes from countries with socioeconomic differences, which have considered implementing alternative healthcare strategies to prevent and reduce preterm births.Methods:Currently, there is no widely effective strategy to prevent preterm birth. Pharmacological therapies are directed at inhibiting myometrial contractions to prolong parturition. Some drugs, medicinal plants and microorganisms possess myorelaxant, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties that have proved useful in preventing preterm birth associated with inflammation and infection.Results:This review focuses on the existing literature regarding the use of different drugs, medicinal plants, and microorganisms that show promising benefits for the prevention of preterm birth associated with inflammation and infection. New alternative strategies involving the use of PDE-4 inhibitors, medicinal plants and probiotics could have a great impact on improving prenatal and neonatal outcomes and give babies the best start in life, ensuring lifelong health benefits.Conclusion:Despite promising results from well-documented cases, only a small number of these alternative strategies have been studied in clinical trials. The development of new drugs and the use of medicinal plants and probiotics for the treatment and/or prevention of preterm birth is an area of growing interest due to their potential therapeutic benefits in the field of gynecology and obstetrics.

scholarly journals Mapping the Distribution of Water Resource Security in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region at the County Level under a Changing Context

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (22) ◽  
pp. 6463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li ◽  
Yin ◽  
Zhang ◽  
Croke ◽  
Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Resource ◽  
Water Resource Management ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Water Diversion ◽  
County Level ◽  
Populated Region ◽  
Water Resource Security ◽  
Resource Security

The Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (Jingjinji) region is the most densely populated region in China and suffers from severe water resource shortage, with considerable water-related issues emerging under a changing context such as construction of water diversion projects (WDP), regional synergistic development, and climate change. To this end, this paper develops a framework to examine the water resource security for 200 counties in the Jingjinji region under these changes. Thus, county-level water resource security is assessed in terms of the long-term annual mean and selected typical years (i.e., dry, normal, and wet years), with and without the WDP, and under the current and projected future (i.e., regional synergistic development and climate change). The outcomes of such scenarios are assessed based on two water-crowding indicators, two use-to-availability indicators, and one composite indicator. Results indicate first that the water resources are distributed unevenly, relatively more abundant in the northeastern counties and extremely limited in the other counties. The water resources are very limited at the regional level, with the water availability per capita and per unit gross domestic product (GDP) being only 279/290 m3 and 46/18 m3 in the current and projected future scenarios, respectively, even when considering the WDP. Second, the population carrying capacity is currently the dominant influence, while economic development will be the controlling factor in the future for most middle and southern counties. This suggests that significant improvement in water-saving technologies, vigorous replacement of industries from high to low water consumption, as well as water from other supplies for large-scale applications are greatly needed. Third, the research identifies those counties most at risk to water scarcity and shows that most of them can be greatly relieved after supplementation by the planned WDP. Finally, more attention should be paid to the southern counties because their water resources are not only limited but also much more sensitive and vulnerable to climate change. This work should benefit water resource management and allocation decisions in the Jingjinji region, and the proposed assessment framework can be applied to other similar problems.

Aortic Remodeling After Custom-Made Candy-Plug for Distal False Lumen Occlusion in Aortic Dissection

2021 ◽  
pp. 152660282199672
Author(s):  
Ahmed Eleshra ◽  
Fiona Rohlffs ◽  
Konstantinos Spanos ◽  
Giuseppe Panuccio ◽  
Franziska Heidemann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aortic Dissection ◽  
Clinical Success ◽  
False Lumen ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Single Center ◽  
Original Design ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Custom Made ◽  
Aortic Remodeling

Purpose: To report a single-center experience with the use of a custom-made Candy-Plug (CP) for distal false-lumen (FL) occlusion in subacute and chronic aortic dissection (AD). Materials and Methods: A retrospective single-center analysis was conducted on consecutive patients with subacute and chronic AD who were treated with a custom-made CP for distal FL occlusion using 3 design generations (CP I to CP III) from October 2013 to September 2019. Results: A custom-made CP was used in 57 patients. Of these, 34 patients (29 males, mean age 62±10 years) were treated with a CP I vs 23 patients (16 males, mean age 59±17 years) with CP II/III. Technical success was achieved in 57 (100%) patients. Clinical success was achieved in 54 (95%) patients; 33 (97%) in CP I group vs 21 (91%) patients in CP II/III group, p=0.116. The mean hospital stay was 10±8 days (9±5 days in CP I group vs 13±9 days in CP II/III, p=0.102). The 30-day computed tomography angiography (CTA) confirmed successful CP placement at the intended level in all patients within both groups. Early complete FL occlusion was achieved in 50 (88%) patients; 30 (88%) patients in CP I group vs 20 (87%) in CP II/III group, p=0.894. Follow up CTA was available in 44 (77%) patients. Of these; 30/34 (88%) patients in CP I group with mean follow-up 29±17 months) vs. 14/23 (61%) patients with mean follow-up 14±5 months in CP II/III group. Thoracic aortic remodeling was achieved in 34/44 (77%) patients; 25/30 (83%) patients in CP I group vs 9/14 (64%) patients in CP II/III group, p=0.197. The aneurysm size remained stable in 9/44 (20%) patients; 5/30 (17%) patients in CP I group vs 4/14 (29%) patients in CP II/III group, p=0.741. The thoracic aneurysm increased size was seen in 1/44 (2%) patient. This patient was in CPII/III group. Conclusion: CP technique using custom-made devices is technically feasible with a low mortality and morbidity, and a high rate of aortic remodeling. Both, the original design (CP I) and newer designs with a self-closing central sleeve (CP II and CP III) showed similar excellent outcomes.

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