Cellulase Enzyme based Biodegradation of Cellulosic Materials: An Overview

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 271-282
Author(s):  
Soumya Chatterjee ◽  
Sonika Sharma ◽  
Rajesh Kumar Prasad ◽  
Sibnarayan Datta ◽  
Dharmendra Dubey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
Organic Polymer ◽  
Cellulase Enzymes ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Insect Gut ◽  
Main Component

Cellulose, a macromolecule of β -D- anhydroglucopyranose units linked by β (1,4)-glycosidic bonds, is the world’s most abundant organic polymer and is the main component of plant biomass that provides stability. Due to its sta-ble fibrous property, it has become one of the most important commercial raw materials for many industries. However, accumulation of waste cellulose due to natural and/or anthropogenic sources is a matter of concern in terms of environmental pollution. Wastes cellulosic substrates can be utilized as sources of energy through controlled hydrolysis using cellulases- a complex group of enzymes capable of degrading all types of cellulosic waste materials. A number of bacteria, fungi and insects are having the capability to degrade cellulose by production of cellulase enzymes. Further, the symbiotic insect-microbe relationships present in the insect gut microbiome for the production of cellulolytic system is of immense importance as this would lead to applications in different fields like biodegradation of cellulosic wastes, pollution reduction, biofuel production, insect/pest control etc. Cel-lulase gene can also be improved by genetic or protein engineering methods using recent technological advances. This review deals with the advances of cellulase enzymes and its utilization for different application.

The sugar and alcohol industry in the biofuels and cogeneration era: a paradigm change (part II)

2014 ◽  
pp. 97-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Electo Eduardo Silv Lora ◽  
Mateus Henrique Rocha ◽  
José Carlos Escobar Palacio ◽  
Osvaldo José Venturini ◽  
Maria Luiza Grillo Renó ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Process Integration ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Alcohol Industry ◽  
Feed Production ◽  
Steam Parameters

The aim of this paper is to discuss the major technological changes related to the implementation of large-scale cogeneration and biofuel production in the sugar and alcohol industry. The reduction of the process steam consumption, implementation of new alternatives in driving mills, the widespread practice of high steam parameters use in cogeneration facilities, the insertion of new technologies for biofuels production (hydrolysis and gasification), the energy conversion of sugarcane trash and vinasse, animal feed production, process integration and implementation of the biorefinery concept are considered. Another new paradigm consists in the wide spreading of sustainability studies of products and processes using the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and the implementation of sustainability indexes. Every approach to this issue has as an objective to increase the economic efficiency and the possibilities of the sugarcane as a main source of two basic raw materials: fibres and sugar. The paper briefly presents the concepts, indicators, state-of-the-art and perspectives of each of the referred issues.

scholarly journals Research and application progress of lignin-based composite membrane

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Youjing Li ◽  
Fen Li ◽  
Ying Yang ◽  
Baocai Ge ◽  
Fanzhu Meng
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Waste Product ◽  
Functional Materials ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Composite Membranes ◽  
Organic Polymer ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Sustainable Resources ◽  
New Perspective

Abstract In view of the serious environmental pollution, which is the greatest problem the world is facing, and the continuous consumption of raw materials, it is imminent to search for green and sustainable resources. Lignin is an organic polymer that exists widely in nature, and if it can be transformed from traditional low-value waste product with low range of applications to functional materials with high application prospects, it can be of great significance to alleviate environmental pollution and shortage of fossil resources. One of the functional applications of lignin involves its use to fabricate composite with other polymeric materials, which can then be used to prepare membrane materials. This review summarizes the recent research and application progress of combining lignin with polypropylene, polyvinyl alcohol, starch, cellulose, chitosan, and other polymeric materials to prepare composite membranes; and summarizes the future development direction of lignin-based composite membranes. We hope this review may provide a new perspective to the understanding of lignin-based composite membranes and a useful reference for future research.

scholarly journals New methods of acid hydrolysis of cellulose and plant raw materials

2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-128
Author(s):  
V. S. Boltovsky
Keyword(s):  
Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Catalytic Systems ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
Hydrolysis Of Cellulose ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Prospects for the development of hydrolysis production are determined by the relevance of industrial use of plant biomass to replace the declining reserves of fossil organic raw materials and increasing demand for ethanol, especially for its use as automobile fuel, protein-containing feed additives that compensate for protein deficiency in feed production, and other products. Based on the review of the research results presented in the scientific literature, the analysis of modern methods of liquid-phase acid hydrolysis of cellulose and various types of plant raw materials, including those that differ from traditional ones, is performed. The main directions of increasing its efficiency through the use of new catalytic systems and process conditions are identified. It is shown that the most promising methods for obtaining monosaccharides in hydrolytic processing of cellulose and microcrystalline cellulose, pentosan-containing agricultural waste and wood, are methods for carrying out the process at elevated and supercritical temperatures (high-temperature hydrolysis), the use of new types of solid-acid catalysts and ionic liquids. 

scholarly journals The Socioeconomic Bases of Biofuels Production Business at the Organizational Level

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (520) ◽  
pp. 175-187
Author(s):  
R. V. Lohosha ◽  
◽  
I. A. Semchuk ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Business Processes ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Organizational Level ◽  
Technological Support ◽  
Agricultural Enterprises ◽  
Efficient Management ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Scientific Substantiation ◽  
The One

The article is aimed at defining the priorities for the development of the biofuel market in Ukraine to ensure the energy security of the country and satisfy the country’s energy needs. Prospects for the bioenergy sector of the economy in the world will be determined primarily by the optimization of national policies in the matrix of multifarious criteria. The place of the Ukrainian model is highly likely to be determined, on the one hand, by the development of the national market, on the other hand, by the production of raw materials for world biofuel markets. At the same time, this market and production in Ukraine remains only a potentially promising model that requires a scientific substantiation for its efficiency. As a result of the study, it is specified that the bioenergy industry has serious limitations and problems of economic nature that require scientific substantiation. After analyzing the limitations and prospects of the industry development in Ukraine at the level of agricultural enterprises that could deploy biofuel production, it should be emphasized that: 1) there is currently no biofuel market in Ukraine: there is no significant production, hence the proposal still remains unformed; there are no agents (firms, enterprises) of the market that would form the established demand; the necessary norms, institutions, mechanisms of the representative market have not been developed; 2) there is no successful experience of such a business both in Ukraine in general and in agricultural enterprises in particular. From here, as well as taking into account the above-mentioned aspects, the attractiveness of this business, including investment, needs to be justified. Enterprises of this group will face funding problems, as well as technical and technological support problems. Therefore, special careful economic substantiation of the market efficiency model and business processes is required; 3) because of these reasons, the task of scientific substantiation of the model of efficient management of this business becomes highly topical.

scholarly journals FEASIBILY STUDY OF THE PRODUCTION AND CONSUMPTION OF AGRIBIOMASS BRIQUETTES IN UKRAINE

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-87
Author(s):  
G.G. Geletukha ◽  
T.A. Zheliezna ◽  
S.V. Drahniev ◽  
A.I. Bashtovyi
Keyword(s):  
Feasibility Study ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Payback Period ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Production And Consumption ◽  
Commercial Enterprise ◽  
Technical And Economic Indicators ◽  
Other Consumers

The purpose of the work is to carry out a preliminary feasibility study of some typical projects on the production and consumption of agribiomass briquettes in Ukraine. The task of the work is to analyse and summarize the results of the feasibility study. The research methods include an overview of the successful examples of the production and use of biomass briquettes in Ukraine, the identification of priority types of relevant projects, the assessment of the main technical and economic indicators of several typical bioenergy projects. The results of the work make it possible to conclude whether it is feasible or not to implement certain types of projects in this segment of bioenergy. It is shown that today in Ukraine there are already examples of successful implementation of projects on the production and consumption of different biomass type briquettes. These examples include projects implemented for grants and business projects. For Ukraine, several promising options for the production and use of biomass briquettes can be suggested. The three typical variants of the biofuel production projects are as follows: (1) a rural enterprise produces agribiomass briquettes and sells them as a substitute for expensive coal to the local population and other consumers using small boilers with manual loading; (2) villagers or members of a united territorial community create an energy cooperative within which they produce biomass briquettes for their own consumption; (3) a large agrarian enterprise produces briquettes from its own agricultural raw materials and sells the product partly to its employees, partly to other consumers. Typical types of projects for the use of biomass briquettes can be as follows: an individual consumer or a trade/service organization or an industrial/commercial enterprise uses biomass briquettes in an existing boiler (replacement of coal) or in a newly purchased boiler of the appropriate capacity (replacement of coal/natural gas). The results of the preliminary feasibility study of these typical projects show that all the projects are economically feasible with a discounted payback period of 3-5 years.

Preparation and ESR Properties of Silicon Nitride Nanowires

2012 ◽  
Vol 164 ◽  
pp. 69-72
Author(s):  
Jin Chen ◽  
Xiao Gang Wang ◽  
Hai Yan Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Phase Composition ◽  
Silicon Nitride ◽  
Oxidation Resistance ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Blue Shift ◽  
Ftir Spectra ◽  
Structure Phase ◽  
Ammonia Atmosphere ◽  
Main Component

We prepared Solid silicon nitride nanowires using carbon nanotubes as precursors., Si and SiO2 were used as raw materials,the reaction was carried out in ammonia atmosphere The structure, phase composition, ESR properties and oxidation resistance of the sample were investigated. The results showed that the sizes of the nanorods are 60–80 nm in diameter and up to several microns in length. In the products α-Si3N4 is the main component; the FTIR spectra of the silicon nitride nanowires have blue shift phenomena;The ESR properties show that the as made materials contains a large number of unpaired electrons

scholarly journals Fast screening of some flavonoids content in raw plant materials: opportunities of 1H NMR spectroscopy

2020 ◽  
Vol 169 ◽  
pp. 02006
Author(s):  
Gennady Kalabin ◽  
Vasilii Vasil’ev ◽  
Vasilii Ivlev ◽  
Vasilii Babkin
Keyword(s):  
Nmr Spectroscopy ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Standard Samples ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
Fast Screening ◽  
Raw Plant Materials

Environmental monitoring and assessment of the prospects for extracting biologically active substances (BAS) from various types of plant biomass requires the development of simple and fast methods for measuring their content in raw materials. A new approach for measuring the content of various flavonoids groups in plant raw material using 1H NMR spectroscopy has been developed, which allows to characterize its resource capabilities and study the effects on their composition different environmental factors without complex sample preparation and standard samples.

scholarly journals Phosphogypsum recycling into inorganic dyes

2019 ◽  
Vol 140 ◽  
pp. 01002
Author(s):  
Nina Shabelskaya ◽  
Roman Medvedev ◽  
Yuliya Gaidukova ◽  
Marina Astachova
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Phosphoric Acid ◽  
Acid Production ◽  
Calcium Sulfate ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Reducing Agents ◽  
Calcium Sulfide ◽  
Secondary Products ◽  
Main Component

Currently, chemical wastes recycling into valuable secondary products poses a pressing challenge. During phosphoric acid production from apatite raw materials, large-tonnage phosphogypsum wastes are formed, resulting in ecosystem dysfunction. Besides, such wastes occupy significant production areas. Calcium sulfate is the main component of phosphogypsum. The paper addresses the possibility of phosphogypsum reduction to calcium sulfide, which has the capacity for luminescence under UV-light. Charcoal, sucrose, and citric acid were used as reducing agents. The obtained inorganic luminescent dyes were examined using X-ray phase analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and electron probe microanalysis (EPMA). It was found that, in the presence of charcoal, the process is accompanied by an uneven distribution of calcium sulfide over the volume of the system and, as a consequence, an uneven glow of the sample. The use of citric acid and sucrose as reducing agents results in the synthesis of samples with a uniform glow. The efficiency of the calcium sulfate conversion to calcium sulfide is 51–58%. A mechanism of calcium sulfate reduction is proposed. The obtained results can serve as a basis for the development of a technology for the recycling of large-tonnage phosphoric acid production wastes into cheap and much-needed inorganic luminescent dyes.

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