An Anatomical Study Of The Musculus Flexor Digitorum Brevis

Background: The present study documents valuable new data on the anatomical variations of the musculus flexor digitorum brevis in an adult Colombian population, this muscle and in particular its fourth slip, has a significant clinical and surgical importance. The fourth slip is undergoing a phylogenetic degeneration. The purpose of this study is to conduct an evidenced on the prevalence of the musculus flexor digitorum brevis and its variants in humans. Methods and Findings: A total of 17 cadavers with different age groups were used for this study, 34 feet of 15 male and 2 females embalmed adults cadavers in the laboratory of Morphology of the University of Pamplona. All feet (n= 34) were studied serially during the years 2013-2016. Of the 34 feet examined, in 32 (94.12%) the muscle conformed to the classical descriptions given in anatomical textbooks showed 4 bellies. In the remaining 2 feet (5.88%) the muscle divided into three parts which ended in slender tendons to the second, third and fourth toes. Conclusions: The knowledge of the anatomical variations in relation to the demographic characteristics of patients would be of importance for diagnostic imaging and foot surgery.

Percutaneous flexor digitorum brevis tenotomy: An anatomical study

Foot and Ankle Surgery ◽

10.1016/j.fas.2021.02.011 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Paulo Carvalho ◽

Miki Dalmau-Pastor ◽

Caroline Lozi ◽

Matheus Souza ◽

Julien Lucas-Y-Hernandez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Anatomical Study ◽

Flexor Digitorum Brevis ◽

Anastomosis Between Ulnar And Radial Nerve: A Cadaveric Study

International Archives of Medicine ◽

10.3823/2479 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 10 ◽

Author(s):

Humberto Ferreira Arquez

Keyword(s):

Brachial Plexus ◽

Peripheral Nerves ◽

Radial Nerve ◽

Age Groups ◽

Anatomical Variations ◽

Upper Limbs ◽

Posterior Aspect ◽

Anesthetic Agents ◽

Diagnostic Approaches ◽

Background: Brachial plexus variations are not rare. Variations in its terminal branches in the arm or forearm are frequently reported. Communications between branches of the brachial plexus are also not uncommon findings; however there is very little mention of communication between the radial and ulnar nerves in the literature. In view of this significance is performed this study with the purpose to determine any communications of radial nerve with neighboring peripheral nerves at level of axilla, arm, forearm. Methods and Findings: A total of 17 cadavers with different age groups were used for this study. The upper limbs region (34 sides) were dissected carefully and photographed in the Morphology Laboratory at the University of Pamplona. Of the 34 upper limbs studied 33 showed normal morphology, the course and branching patterns of the nerves was normal (97.06%). In 1 specimen in the left forearm (2.94%), the radial and ulnar nerves were dissected and communicating branches were observed originating near the upper third in the posterior aspect of the forearm traveling from the ulnar to the radial nerve. The communicating branch was approximately 5.84 cm long and 1.73 mm in diameter. This anastomotic branch is an unusual anastomosis, no described in the literature between radial and ulnar nerve in forearm. Knowledge on the variant pattern of peripheral nerves is imperative not only for the surgeons, but also for the radiologists during image technology and MRI interpretations and for the anesthesiologists before administering anesthetic agents thus in diagnostic approaches. Conclusions: Lack of understanding of these variations can also confound the assessment of the severity of nerve injury as well as recovery. Awareness of such anatomical variations is very important in order to proper diagnosis of sensorimotor symptoms.

Study of ten anatomical variants of the foot and ankle

Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association ◽

10.7547/87507315-86-11-532 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 86 (11) ◽

pp. 532-537 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

DM Chaney ◽

MS Lee ◽

MA Khan ◽

WA Krueger ◽

VJ Mandracchia ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sample Size ◽

Treatment Options ◽

Total Sample ◽

Occurrence Rate ◽

Anatomical Variants ◽

Flexor Digitorum Brevis ◽

Physician Awareness ◽

Definition Of ◽

Flexor Digitorum ◽

This study examined the occurrence rate of ten lower extremity anatomical variants occurring over a 6-year period from 1988 to 1994 in a sample range of 166 to 279 cadavers at the University of Osteopathic Medicine and Health Sciences. Literature review of these anomalies shows similar findings for all presented structures with the exception of two. The peroneus quartus muscle was found to be significantly less prevalent than previous studies have indicated. This difference may be attributed to the larger sample size used in this study or differences of interpretation of the definition of the peroneus quartus muscle. Additionally, the flexor digitorum brevis tendon to the fifth digit was found to be absent much more than Sarrafian reports in a total sample size of 926. The importance of these anatomical variants, both in surgery and while using advanced diagnostic imaging such as computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, should be realized by the podiatric physician. Awareness of these variants will decrease confusion when considering treatment options.

Morphology of flexor digitorum brevis muscle in northern Tamil Nadu region-an anatomical study with phylogenetic perspective

National Journal of Clinical Anatomy ◽

10.1055/s-0039-3401673 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 01 (03) ◽

pp. 129-132

Author(s):

T S Gugapriya

Keyword(s):

Tamil Nadu ◽

Anatomical Study ◽

Erect Posture ◽

Heel Pad ◽

Evolutionary Changes ◽

Male Cadaver ◽

Flexor Digitorum Brevis ◽

Phylogenetic Perspective ◽

Clinically Significant ◽

Abstract Background and aims : "Arches of foot" formed by the combination of skeletal and a muscular element is a unique feature of evolution as an adaptation to habitual erect posture in humans. Flexor digitorum brevis (FDB) is the most superficial intrinsic muscle of the sole that present with variations frequently. The objective of this study was to find out the pattern of presentation of FDB in northern Tamil Nadu region. Material and methods: Thirty soles of 12 male and three female embalmed cadavers were dissected and FDB was observed for variations. A comparative analysis was done with previous studies. Results: Twenty five soles showed absence of FDB tendon to little toe. Three soles confirmed to the classical book description. The soles of a 62 years old male cadaver presented with a variation of FDB. It showed a separate deep slip to the 5th toe arising from intermuscular septum and from long flexor tendon with the slip found to get inserted at the base of middle phalanx bilaterally. The incidence of 83.3% absence of FDB tendon to 5th toe in the present study was significantly higher when compared to many previous reports. Conclusion: Variations of FDB are clinically significant because FDB musculocutaneos flap is used in the reconstruction of the heel pad and FDB tendons are used in tendon transfer surgeries for claw or hammer toe deformities. The absence of FDB tendon to the 5th toe shows clustering around Asian region, which signifies possibility of occurrence of evolutionary changes in specific topographic region

Morphology of flexor digitorum brevis muscle in northern Tamil Nadu region- an anatomical study with phylogenetic perspective

National Journal of Clinical Anatomy ◽

10.4103/2277-4025.298018 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 1 (3) ◽

pp. 129

Author(s):

TS Gugapriya

Keyword(s):

Tamil Nadu ◽

Anatomical Study ◽

Flexor Digitorum Brevis ◽

Phylogenetic Perspective ◽

Anatomical bases of surgical approaches to the nerves of the flexor digitorum brevis, quadratus plantaris, and interossei of the foot in the spastic foot surgery

Annals of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine ◽

10.1016/j.rehab.2016.07.310 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 59 ◽

pp. e139

Author(s):

Christian Fontaine ◽

Pierre-François Vaillant ◽

Aurélien Aumar ◽

Nadine Nachef ◽

Michel-Yves Grauwin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Surgical Approaches ◽

Foot Surgery ◽

Flexor Digitorum Brevis ◽

Morphological Study Of Palmaris Longus Muscle

International Archives of Medicine ◽

10.3823/2485 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 10 ◽

Author(s):

Humberto Ferreira Arquez

Keyword(s):

High Performance ◽

Male Subject ◽

Age Groups ◽

Anatomical Variations ◽

Superficial Layer ◽

Morphological Variations ◽

Palmaris Longus ◽

Longus Muscle ◽

Palmaris Longus Muscle ◽

Background: The palmaris longus is one of the most variable muscle in the human body, this variations are important not only for the anatomist but also radiologist, orthopaedic, plastic surgeons, clinicians, therapists. In view of this significance is performed this study with the purpose to determine the morphological variations of palmaris longus muscle. Methods and Findings: A total of 17 cadavers with different age groups were used for this study. The upper limbs region (34 sides) were dissected carefully and photographed in the Morphology Laboratory at the University of Pamplona. Of the 34 limbs studied, 30 showed normal morphology of the Palmaris longus muscle (PL) (88,2%); PL was absent in 3 subjects (8,85% of all examined forearm). Unilateral absence was found in 1 male subject (2,95% of all examined forearm); bilateral agenesis was found in 2 female subjects (5,9% of all examined forearm). Duplicated PL muscle was found in 1 male subject (2,95 % of all examined forearm). The palmaris longus muscle was innervated by branches of the median nerve .The accessory palmaris longus muscle was supplied by the deep branch of the ulnar nerve. Palmaris longus muscle is a muscle located in the superficial layer of the anterior compartment of the forearm. It has a small belly arising from the medial epicondyle of the humerus, and its long thin tendon inserts into the palmar aponeurosis in the hand, the muscle has importance in medical clinic, surgery, radiological analysis, in studies about high-performance athletes, in genetics and anthropologic studies. Conclusions: The anatomical variations of the palmaris longus muscle must be documented of their clinical significance and their potential use in orthopaedic and reconstructive surgery.

What Determines The Migration Intentions Of University Students?

Balkan Region Conference on Engineering and Business Education ◽

10.2478/cplbu-2014-0042 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 193-198

Author(s):

Heiko Haase ◽

Arndt Lautenschläger

Keyword(s):

University Students ◽

Career Choice ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Demographic Characteristics ◽

Migration Decision ◽

Considerable Proportion ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Intention To Stay ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

AbstractThe paper aims at exploring determinants of the university students' intentions to stay within their university region. At this, we presume that students' career choice motivations are related to their professional intentions, which again, along with demographic characteristics, affect their migration decision. Our analysis is based on a cross-sectional study of 2,353 students from three different higher education institutions, two of them located in Germany and one in Namibia. Results indicate that in Germany migration matters because a considerable proportion of students intend to leave the university region after graduation. At this, we found that the students' geographical provenance exerts the most significant effect on the intention to stay. Moreover, certain professional intentions were directly and some career choice motivations were indirectly linked with the intention to remain at the university location. We present several conclusions and implications.

Students’ Attitudes Towards Starting a Business, on the Example of Students at the University of Information Technology and Management in Rzeszów (Poland)

e-Finanse ◽

10.2478/fiqf-2018-0030 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 14 (4) ◽

pp. 90-103

Author(s):

Karolina Palimąka ◽

Jacek Rodzinka

Keyword(s):

Information Technology ◽

Young People ◽

Family Member ◽

Economic Activity ◽

Age Groups ◽

The Cross ◽

Students Attitudes ◽

The University ◽

Starting A Business

AbstractEntrepreneurship understood as a manifestation of economic activity is an issue widely discussed in literature, especially in the field of economics. Today, a large part of society is involved in establishing and running a business, hence the shaping of entrepreneurial behaviors gains importance among all age groups, especially young people. The main objective of the conducted research was to examine the interest in starting their own business by students and to verify whether the direction of their studies or role in the group affects the students’ willingness to start a business and whether a family member runs a business influences this interest and moreover, whether capital and the idea are the two main criteria conditioning the decision.. The conclusions were based on a study, i.e. (mainly) the cross-analysis of data collected as part of a survey conducted among students of the University of Information Technology and Management in Rzeszów.

Consequences of SUR2[A478V] Mutation in Skeletal Muscle of Murine Model of Cantu Syndrome

Cells ◽

10.3390/cells10071791 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (7) ◽

pp. 1791

Author(s):

Rosa Scala ◽

Fatima Maqoud ◽

Nicola Zizzo ◽

Giuseppe Passantino ◽

Antonietta Mele ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Katp Channel ◽

Ex Vivo ◽

Channel Modulation ◽

Flexor Digitorum Brevis ◽

Inflammatory Edema ◽

Flexor Digitorum ◽

Channel Currents

(1) Background: Cantu syndrome (CS) arises from gain-of-function (GOF) mutations in the ABCC9 and KCNJ8 genes, which encode ATP-sensitive K+ (KATP) channel subunits SUR2 and Kir6.1, respectively. Most CS patients have mutations in SUR2, the major component of skeletal muscle KATP, but the consequences of SUR2 GOF in skeletal muscle are unknown. (2) Methods: We performed in vivo and ex vivo characterization of skeletal muscle in heterozygous SUR2[A478V] (SUR2wt/AV) and homozygous SUR2[A478V] (SUR2AV/AV) CS mice. (3) Results: In SUR2wt/AV and SUR2AV/AV mice, forelimb strength and diaphragm amplitude movement were reduced; muscle echodensity was enhanced. KATP channel currents recorded in Flexor digitorum brevis fibers showed reduced MgATP-sensitivity in SUR2wt/AV, dramatically so in SUR2AV/AV mice; IC50 for MgATP inhibition of KATP currents were 1.9 ± 0.5 × 10−5 M in SUR2wt/AV and 8.6 ± 0.4 × 10−6 M in WT mice and was not measurable in SUR2AV/AV. A slight rightward shift of sensitivity to inhibition by glibenclamide was detected in SUR2AV/AV mice. Histopathological and qPCR analysis revealed atrophy of soleus and tibialis anterior muscles and up-regulation of atrogin-1 and MuRF1 mRNA in CS mice. (4) Conclusions: SUR2[A478V] “knock-in” mutation in mice impairs KATP channel modulation by MgATP, markedly so in SUR2AV/AV, with atrophy and non-inflammatory edema in different skeletal muscle phenotypes.