Study of ten anatomical variants of the foot and ankle

1996 ◽  
Vol 86 (11) ◽  
pp. 532-537 ◽  
Author(s):  
DM Chaney ◽  
MS Lee ◽  
MA Khan ◽  
WA Krueger ◽  
VJ Mandracchia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sample Size ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Occurrence Rate ◽  
Anatomical Variants ◽  
Flexor Digitorum Brevis ◽  
Physician Awareness ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Flexor Digitorum ◽  
The University

This study examined the occurrence rate of ten lower extremity anatomical variants occurring over a 6-year period from 1988 to 1994 in a sample range of 166 to 279 cadavers at the University of Osteopathic Medicine and Health Sciences. Literature review of these anomalies shows similar findings for all presented structures with the exception of two. The peroneus quartus muscle was found to be significantly less prevalent than previous studies have indicated. This difference may be attributed to the larger sample size used in this study or differences of interpretation of the definition of the peroneus quartus muscle. Additionally, the flexor digitorum brevis tendon to the fifth digit was found to be absent much more than Sarrafian reports in a total sample size of 926. The importance of these anatomical variants, both in surgery and while using advanced diagnostic imaging such as computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, should be realized by the podiatric physician. Awareness of these variants will decrease confusion when considering treatment options.

Sample Size Required to Observe at Least k Rare Events

1967 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
John E. Overall
Keyword(s):  
Sample Size ◽  
Poisson Distribution ◽  
Special Interest ◽  
Rare Events ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Research Interest ◽  
Occurrence Rate ◽  
Total Sample Size

Tables based upon Poisson distribution are presented which specify total sample size adequate to ensure ( p > .95) that a certain specified number of rare events will be observed. The tables are useful in planning sampling surveys where special interest is in obatining at least a specified number of cases of special research interest. The tables can also be used as basis for rejecting the hypothesis that occurrence rate for rate event exceeds some specified value in the population.

scholarly journals Quantitative Ultrasound Imaging Pixel Analysis of the Intrinsic Plantar Muscle Tissue between Hemiparesis and Contralateral Feet in Post-Stroke Patients

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. 2519 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cesar Calvo-Lobo ◽  
Ana Useros-Olmo ◽  
Jaime Almazán-Polo ◽  
Miriam Martín-Sevilla ◽  
Carlos Romero-Morales ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ultrasound Imaging ◽  
Muscle Tissue ◽  
Quantitative Ultrasound ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Abductor Hallucis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Flexor Digitorum Brevis ◽  
Flexor Digitorum ◽  
Potential Biomarkers

Quantitative ultrasound imaging of the muscle tissue may be applied in the neurology field, due to B-mode grayscale pixels values could be used as potential biomarkers for disease progression and intervention effects in poststroke patients. Thus, the study aim was to compare and analyze the ultrasound imaging B-mode pixels differences between the intrinsic plantar muscles cross-sectional area (CSA) in hemiparetic and contralateral feet from poststroke patients by means of the Image J software. A case-control design and a convenience sampling method were used in order to recruit 22 feet from 11 poststroke patients. This total sample was divided into 11 hemiparetic feet and 11 contralateral feet. The Image J software was used in order to evaluate the interface distance, CSA as well as measure the pixels mean, standard deviation (SD) and count from all offline images in the flexor digitorum brevis, abductor hallucis (AbH), and flexor hallucis brevis muscles. Statistically significant differences (p = 0.003) were only shown for the pixels count in the AbH muscle. The rest of outcome measurements did not show any statistically significant difference (p > 0.05). Therefore, B-mode ultrasound imaging Image J software differences for the pixels count reduction were shown in the AbH muscle between hemiparetic and contralateral feet from poststroke patients. Further studies are necessary in order to apply our findings as potential biomarkers during the stroke disease course.

Relationship between coping and anxiety in young university population

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S347-S347
Author(s):  
K. Cabas-Hoyos ◽  
N. German-Ayala ◽  
E.D.L. Nadia ◽  
M.B. Loreina ◽  
U.U. Alicia
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
University Students ◽  
Test Anxiety ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Coping Styles ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Academic Challenges ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The University

In Latin American countries the University Entrance occurs before 17 years of age, in adolescence. The literature proposes some tasks of this stage as the search for identity and definition of the plan of life (Casullo et Fernández-Liporace, 2001). This stage is characterized by changes that may lead to stress (Frydenberg et Lewis, 1991) and strategies and styles should be deployed to deal with situations surpluses. The aim of this paper is to explore the relationship between coping styles and anxiety in young university students.The total sample consisted of n = 216 university students (53.2% female, n = 115, 46.8% male, n = 101; between 16 and 18 years of age: m = 17.32, SD = 0.70). The subjects answered the ACS (Frydenberg, 1997) which assesses coping styles in young people and the AMAS-E (Reynolds, 2007) assessing anxiety. The design was corelational, the data were analyzed using SPSS 21.0 statistical program.Results and discussionAs used style Troubleshooting reduces test anxiety, the tendency of these two variables is negative (P = 0.01). Implement the style Relating to others it will decrease test anxiety, the tendency of both variables is negative and statistically significant (P > 0.05). Stress in young people increases as gets underway unproductive type (P = 0.00). The results are consistent with the literature that suggests that late adolescents in academic challenges cause such hardship (Marote et Martínez, 2001).Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals An Anatomical Study Of The Musculus Flexor Digitorum Brevis

10.3823/2486 ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Humberto Ferreira Arquez
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Imaging ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Anatomical Study ◽  
Anatomical Variations ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Foot Surgery ◽  
Flexor Digitorum Brevis ◽  
Flexor Digitorum ◽  
The University

Background: The present study documents valuable new data on the anatomical variations of the musculus flexor digitorum brevis in an adult Colombian population, this muscle and in particular its fourth slip, has a significant clinical and surgical importance. The fourth slip is undergoing a phylogenetic degeneration. The purpose of this study is to conduct an evidenced on the prevalence of the musculus flexor digitorum brevis and its variants in humans. Methods and Findings: A total of 17 cadavers with different age groups were used for this study, 34 feet of 15 male and 2 females embalmed adults cadavers in the laboratory of Morphology of the University of Pamplona. All feet (n= 34) were studied serially during the years 2013-2016. Of the 34 feet examined, in 32 (94.12%) the muscle conformed to the classical descriptions given in anatomical textbooks showed 4 bellies. In the remaining 2 feet (5.88%) the muscle divided into three parts which ended in slender tendons to the second, third and fourth toes. Conclusions: The knowledge of the anatomical variations in relation to the demographic characteristics of patients would be of importance for diagnostic imaging and foot surgery.

Principles of economic security management of institutions of higher education

2019 ◽  
pp. 174-181
Author(s):  
Nataliia Tsymbalenko
Keyword(s):  
Management System ◽  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
Security Management ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
Theoretical Concepts ◽  
Economic Role ◽  
Social Mission ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The University

The subject of research-theoretical concepts of economic security managementof universities. The purpose of the article. The study of the essence of the economicsecurity management system of the university and the definition of its main tasks,the formulation of principles of economic security management of the university.Methodology. The dialectical method, methods of analysis and synthesis, methodsof structural-logical and semantic analysis were used to study and summarizescientific papers on the research topic. The results of the work. The essence of theuniversity’s economic security management system has been reviewed. The maintasks of the control system have been identified. A definition of the university’seconomic security system has been proposed. Principles of management of economicsecurity of the university have been formulated. These are: scientific andorganizational and social principles. Conclusions. The proposed principles allow totake into account the economic role and social mission of universities in managingeconomic security.

Problems in English Communicating Skills for Learners of English

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (07) ◽  
pp. 20484-20491
Author(s):  
Dr. Ishag Adam Hassan Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Reading Comprehension ◽  
English Language ◽  
Communicative Competence ◽  
Daily Practice ◽  
Small Component ◽  
Curriculum Review ◽  
Comprehension Skills ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The University ◽  
Reading Comprehension Skills

This paper is devoted to presenting the methods in English communicating skills for Learners of English in general and the problems specific to University of Bahri. English language major’s graduates then; it discusses the notion of communicative competence, and defines strategic competence. It also briefly deals with the various definitions of communication strategies and taxonomies of conversation strategies. Also, I give brief definition of the word conversation, that is the act of talking together or exchange ideas, opinions, skills, and information. As accustomed, speaking is natural and automatic but communication is an art which must be learned and practiced. Also the aim of this paper is to present you with suitable suggestions about how you can solve problems while reading English? In order to comply with this objective: we considered two variables. The first one is that within our daily practice at the university we have students with different abilities while reading English. Therefore, we need to help them increase the ability in reading comprehension. However, we don’t have enough teachers and needed resources to supply them with the help they need. The second variable is related to the fact that at University there are different centers where the students’ skills can improve and their reading comprehension skills deficiencies could be overcome by getting help from the teachers. This study is small component of a larger curriculum review exercise. The findings of study in general suggest that both students and English language lecturers were in agreement that Sudanese students had a problem in writing and speaking English and due to that the conversational problems are raised.      Finally, the paper concludes by representing the pedagogical implications of conversation strategies.

The Concept of Nontraditional Student

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-60
Author(s):  
Treinienė Daiva
Keyword(s):  
Nontraditional Students ◽  
Social Roles ◽  
Nontraditional Student ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Older Students ◽  
Learning Differences ◽  
Status Characteristics ◽  
Part Time ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The University

Abstract Nontraditional student is understood as one of the older students enrolled in formal or informal studies. In the literature, there is no detailed generalisation of nontraditional student. This article aims to reveal the concept of this particular group of students. Analysing the definition of nontraditional students, researchers identify the main criteria that allow to provide a more comprehensive concept of the nontraditional student. The main one is the age of these atypical students coming to study at the university, their selected form of studies, adult social roles status characteristics, such as family, parenting and financial independence as well as the nature of work. The described features of the nontraditional student demonstrate how the unconventional nontraditional student is different from the traditional one, which features are characteristic for them and how they reflect the nontraditional student’s maturity and experience in comparison with younger, traditional students. Key features - independence, internal motivation, experience, responsibility, determination. They allow nontraditional students to pursue their life goals, learn and move towards their set goals. University student identity is determined on the basis of the three positions: on the age suitability by social norms, the learning outcomes incorporated with age, on the creation of student’s ideal image. There are four students’ biographical profiles distinguished: wandering type, seeking a degree, intergrative and emancipatory type. They allow to see the biographical origin of nontraditional students, their social status as well as educational features. Biographical profiles presented allow to comprise the nontraditional student’s portrait of different countries. Traditional and nontraditional students’ learning differences are revealed by analysing their need for knowledge, independence, experience, skill to learn, orientation and motivation aspects. To sum up, the analysis of the scientific literature can formulate the concept of the nontraditional student. Nontraditional student refers to the category of 20-65 years of age who enrolls into higher education studies in a nontraditional way, is financially independent, with several social roles of life, studying full-time or part-time, and working full-time or part-time, or not working at all.

Farmers Sustainability and Social Justice: Evidences of Land Inequalities in Uttar Pradesh

2020 ◽  
pp. 232-238
Keyword(s):  
Social Justice ◽  
Sample Size ◽  
Field Survey ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Small Farmers ◽  
Land Fragmentation ◽  
Total Sample Size ◽  
Fragmentation Index ◽  
State Economy

The present study is an attempt to inspect the aspect of social justice among the farmers in terms of fragmented land and farmers’ distress in Uttar Pradesh. The data were obtained through field survey via interview scheduled. A sample of 80 respondents from each targeted village namely, Jansar, Sithauli, Charsoni, and Jonai were selected from each region of Uttar Pradesh state economy. Thus, the study used a total sample size of 320 samples. Simmons index (1968) for canvassing the land fragmentation index (LFI) was applied in the Uttar Pradesh context. Further distress was measured via the help of ratios. It flaunted causes and degrees of distress were relatively high among marginal and small farmers. The result of LFI confirms that high fragmentation was a cause of subsistence income among marginal and small farms compared to semi-medium, and medium farms.

Growth in Self-Actualization (Personal Orientation Inventory) in Adult Encounter Groups

1981 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-8
Author(s):  
Les Beach
Keyword(s):  
Sample Size ◽  
Personal Growth ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Small Samples ◽  
Total Sample Size ◽  
Personal Orientation Inventory ◽  
Self Actualization ◽  
Personal Orientation

To test the efficacy of the Personal Orientation Inventory in assessing growth in self-actualization in relation to encounter groups and to provide a more powerful measure of such changes, pre- and posttest data from 3 highly comparable encounter groups (N = 43) were combined for analysis. Results indicated that the Personal Orientation Inventory is a sensitive instrument for assessing personal growth in encounter groups and that a larger total sample size provides more significant results than those reported for small samples (e. g., fewer than 15 participants).

The Roman Retail Revolution

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven J. R. Ellis
Keyword(s):  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Archaeological Material ◽  
Roman World ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Food And Drink ◽  
Bodies Of Evidence ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The University

Tabernae were ubiquitous among all Roman cities, lining the busiest streets and dominating their most crowded intersections, and in numbers not known by any other form of building. That they played a vital role in the operation of the city—indeed in the very definition of urbanization—is a point too often under-appreciated in Roman studies, or at best assumed. The Roman Retail Revolution is a thorough investigation into the social and economic worlds of the Roman shop. With a focus on food and drink outlets, and with a critical analysis of both archaeological material and textual sources, Ellis challenges many of the conventional ideas about the place of retailing in the Roman city. A new framework is forwarded, for example, to understand the motivations behind urban investment in tabernae. Their historical development is also unraveled to identify three major waves—or, revolutions—in the shaping of retail landscapes. Two new bodies of evidence underpin the volume. The first is generated from the University of Cincinnati’s recent archaeological excavations into a Pompeian neighborhood of close to twenty shop-fronts. The second comes from a field survey of the retail landscapes of more than a hundred cities from across the Roman world. The richness of this information, combined with an interdisciplinary approach to the lives of the Roman sub-elite, results in a refreshingly original look at the history of retailing and urbanism in the Roman world.

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