scholarly journals Aiming for Intrasectorality: Public Safety and Health

10.3823/2595 ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiz Fernando de Lima Paulo ◽  
Marco Akerman
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Western Region ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Intelligence System ◽  
Qualitative Variables ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Public Health And Safety

         Question: Are Public policies that contemplate intrasectorality capable of producing better results for society, public health and safety?           Design: Descriptive study with data analysis from September 2014 to December 2015.           Participants: Civil and Military Police of São Paulo State (western region of São Paulo City).           Intervention: Analysis of criminal indicators of public health interest in the western region of São Paulo City during the period of applicability of intrasectorality as public health and safety policy.           Outcome measures: analysis of the management model and record of reports interesting to public health. The first analysis was carried out in 3 police districts, later spreading to the entire western region of São Paulo City.           Qualitative variables were based on the International Code of Diseases (ICD). The quantitative results obtained were extracted from the Criminal Intelligence System.           Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics with a significance level of 95%. The software used was the bioestat 5.0 for windows.           Results: There was a reduction of 4% to 44% in criminal indicators of public health interest.           Conclusion: Intrasectorality was able to improve public health outcomes when used as public policy in police institutions, reducing the impact of violence on public health.

scholarly journals The Impact of Antipsychotic Polytherapy Costs in the Public Health Care in Sao Paulo, Brazil

PLoS ONE ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. e0124791 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denise Razzouk ◽  
Monica Kayo ◽  
Aglaé Sousa ◽  
Guilherme Gregorio ◽  
Hugo Cogo-Moreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Public Health Care ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Profile of the orthodontist practicing in the state of São Paulo - Part 1

2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 22e1-22e6
Author(s):  
Fabio Brandalise Rampon ◽  
Celestino Nóbrega ◽  
José Luiz Gonçalves Bretos ◽  
Franco Arsati ◽  
Sérgio Jakob ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Daily Practice ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
The State ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Qualitative Variables ◽  
Practice Methods ◽  
Regional Board

INTRODUCTION: Orthodontics is no different from other sciences to the extent that it is a field in constant evolution and development. Nowadays, given the availability of a wide range of materials and biomechanical resources, as well as the development of new diagnostic capabilities, new methods to manage orthodontic treatment have emerged. Furthermore, due to the proliferation of postgraduate programs, it is increasingly important to gain insight into the profile of these specialists and the resources they use. OBJECTIVE: Examine the profile of orthodontists practicing in the State of São Paulo. The questions were prepared to evaluate different aspects of orthodontic practice. METHODS: A questionnaire was sent to 2.414 specialists in Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics registered with the Regional Board of Dentistry of São Paulo State (CRO-SP). To assess the association between qualitative variables, the Chi-square association test was employed at 5% significance level. RESULTS: Five hundred ninety-three (24.65%) questionnaires were completed and returned. The sample profile consisted of males (54.3%), aged between 41 and 50 (40.5%), who had been registered with the São Paulo Regional Board of Dentistry (CRO-SP) for 6 to 10 years (29.3%). The three most widely mentioned cephalometric analyses were standard USP (71.5%), McNamara (59.2%) and Ricketts (52.8%). CONCLUSIONS: Based on a statistical analysis of the data one can conclude that the Straight-Wire technique was used most often (74.5%), and this technique is associated with orthodontists who have been specialists for less than 10 years. Most people surveyed (52.4%) routinely make use of functional orthopedic resources in their daily practice.

scholarly journals Evaluating Atmospheric Pollutants from Urban Buses under Real-World Conditions: Implications of the Main Public Transport Mode in São Paulo, Brazil

Atmosphere ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thiago Nogueira ◽  
Pamela Dominutti ◽  
Marcelo Vieira-Filho ◽  
Adalgiza Fornaro ◽  
Maria Andrade
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Atmospheric Pollutants ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Transport Mode ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Impact

The broad expanse of the urban metropolitan area of São Paulo (MASP) has made buses, the predominant public transport mode for commuters in the city. In 2016, the bus fleet in the MASP reached 56,354 buses and it was responsible for more than 12 million daily trips. Here, we evaluate for the first time, the emission profile of gaseous and particulate pollutants from buses running on 7% biodiesel + 93% petroleum diesel and their spatial distribution in the MASP. This novel study, based on four bus terminal experiments, provides an extensive analysis of atmospheric pollutants of interest to public health and climate changes, such as CO2, CO, NOx, VOCs, PM10, PM2.5 and their constituents (black carbon (BC) and elements). Our results suggest that the renovation of the bus fleet from Euro II to Euro V and the incorporation of electric buses had a noticeable impact (by a factor of up to three) on the CO2 emissions and caused a decrease in NO emissions, by a factor of four to five. In addition, a comparison with previous Brazilian studies, shows that the newer bus fleet in the MASP emits fewer particles. Emissions from the public transport sector have implications for public health and air quality, not only by introducing reactive pollutants into the atmosphere but also by exposing the commuters to harmful concentrations. Our findings make a relevant contribution to the understanding of emissions from diesel-powered buses and about the impact of these new vehicular technologies on the air quality in the MASP.

scholarly journals Expected impact of COVID-19 outbreak in a major metropolitan area in Brazil

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tarcísio M. Rocha Filho ◽  
Fabiana Sherine Ganem dos Santos ◽  
Victor Bertollo Gomes ◽  
Thiago Augusto Hernandes Rocha ◽  
Julio Henrique Rosa Croda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Older People ◽  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
World Health ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

AbstractIn January 2020 China reported to the World Health Organization an outbreak of pneumonia of undetermined origin in the city of Wuhan, Hubei. In January 30, 2020, the World Health Organization declared the outbreak of COVID-19 as a Public Health Emergency of International Interest (PHEI).ObjectivesThe aim of this study is to assess the impact of a COVID-19 epidemic in the metropolitan region of São Paulo, Brazil.MethodsWe used a generalized SEIR (Susceptibles, Exposed, Infectious, Recovered) model, with additional Hospitalized variables (SEIHR model) and age-stratified structure to analyze the expected time evolution during the onset of the epidemic in the metropolitan area of São Paulo. The model allows to determine the evolution of the number of cases, the number of patients admitted to hospitals and deaths caused by COVID-19. In order to investigate the sensibility of our results with respect to parameter estimation errors we performed Monte Carlo analysis with 100 000 simulations by sampling parameter values from an uniform distribution in the confidence interval.ResultsWe estimate 1 368 (IQR: 880, 2 407) cases, 301 (22%) in older people (≥60 years), 81 (50, 143) hospitalizations, and 14 (9, 26) deaths in the first 30 days, and 38 583 (IQR: 16 698, 113, 163) cases, 8 427 (21.8%) in older people (≥60 years), 2181 (914, 6392) hospitalizations, and 397(166, 1205) deaths in the first 60 days.LimitationsWe supposed a constant transmission probability Pc among different age-groups, and that every severe and critic case will be hospitalized, as well as that the detection capacity in all the primary healthcare services does not change during the outbreak.ConclusionSupposing the reported parameters in the literature apply in the city of São Paulo, our study shows that it is expected that the impact of a COVID-19 outbreak will be important, requiring special planning from the authorities. This is the first study for a major metropolitan center in the south hemisphere, and we believe it can provide policy makers with a prognosis of the burden of the pandemic not only in Brazil, but also in other tropical zones, allowing to estimate total cases, hospitalization and deaths, in support to the management of the public health emergence caused by COVID-19.

Reduction in prostate cancer hospitalizations in the COVID-19 pandemic epicenter of Latin America.

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e18814-e18814
Author(s):  
Isabella Batista Martins Portugal ◽  
Fernando Adami ◽  
Jean Henri Schoueri ◽  
Leandro Fórnias Machado Rezende ◽  
Fernando Luiz Affonso Fonseca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Malignant Neoplasms ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Outbreak Period ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City ◽  
Male Genital

e18814 Background: The novel SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has disrupted health care systems worldwide since December 2019 causing atypical pneumonia and affecting multiple body organs. In Latin America, COVID-19 had its first case in the megacity of São Paulo, Brazil, thus being the starting point and epicenter of this disease. In this context, prostate cancer (PC) is the most common non-skin cancer among men and its preventive healthcare is substantial to public health surveillance. Additionally, PC raises particular interest during COVID-19 outbreak as PC androgen-deprivation therapies have shown to mitigate SARS-CoV-2 infection, which suggests an association between SARS-CoV-2 and PC cells. Thus, the consequences of the COVID-19 outbreak on male genital cancers care remain inconclusive and will probably be felt for decades. This study aimed to determine the impact of pandemic on the incidence of hospital admissions (HA) due to malignant neoplasms of male genital organs in the city of São Paulo, Brazil. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study of the HAs due to malignant neoplasms of male genital organs in the city of São Paulo comparing the outbreak period (January-June 2020) and a pre-pandemic corresponding period of the years 2017-2019. Data were obtained from the Brazilian Unified Health System - Hospital Information System database according to the chapter II of the International Classification of Diseases - 10th revision (ICD-10). Linear regression was used to analyze the relationship between the incidence of HAs and time (months). Results: A significant reduction in HAs due to malignant neoplasms of male genital organs was observed in PC, but not other malignant neoplasms of male genital organs during the outbreak period (January-June 2020). PC (-19, CI -36 to -1) showed to be remarkably affected while other male genital cancers (-1, CI -5 to 3) did not (Table). Conclusions: Our findings seem to be associated to delayed oncological care delivery to PC during the lockdown and health system disruption. Further studies are required to evaluate the impact of the ongoing pandemic in malignant neoplasm of male genital organs, particularly PC, in order to strategically corroborate public health actions for implications of COVID-19 pandemic. Linear regression of hospital admissions for the years 2017-2020 (January until June) due to malignant neoplasms of male genital organs (chapter II of the ICD-10). Municipality of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.[Table: see text]

scholarly journals Investigation of Drowning Deaths: A Practical Review

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erica J. Armstrong ◽  
Kevin L. Erskine
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Environmental Extremes ◽  
Close Observation ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Public Health And Safety

Drowning, which typically involves a watery environment, remains a serious public health concern claiming an estimated 362 000 lives per year worldwide across all socioeconomic classifications and has remained under close observation by the World Health Organization and its signatories. A significant number of water-related deaths are attributed to accidental drowning, while a smaller but still significant number represent suicidal or homicidal drowning. Others involve a combination of drowning precipitated by injury, intoxication, or environmental extremes. Still others involve victims that die from injury, intoxication, or a natural disease entity of such significance as to preclude the drowning process, while near or in water. While there may be an initial presumption that all water-related deaths are accidental drownings, other possibilities must be considered in the investigation of these types of deaths, as drowning as a cause of death is a diagnosis based on the exclusion of other potential causes. The coordinated investigative efforts of multiple agencies and disciplines are required not only for the designation as drowning as the cause of death but also for death certification. The ongoing analysis and dissemination of data generated from all levels of investigation augment our understanding of the impact on public health and safety, guiding allocation of monetary and educational resources in an effort to prevent further mortality and disability.

scholarly journals The Legalization of Marijuana in Colorado: A Prescription for Trouble?

2015 ◽  
Vol 101 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Doris C. Gundersen
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Medical Marijuana ◽  
Marijuana Use ◽  
The State ◽  
Standards Of Care ◽  
State Laws ◽  
Medical Regulation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Public Health And Safety

Despite many decades of warnings about the safety and effectiveness of marijuana for medical treatment, public policy in recent years has moved steadily towards loosening restrictions on its use. In 2000, a ballot initiative to change Colorado's constitution was passed by 54% of voters in the general election, thereby legalizing marijuana for specific disabling conditions. After the Obama administration indicated in 2009 that medical marijuana prosecution would have a low priority and arrests would not be sought, provided medical marijuana users and providers conformed strictly to state laws, the issuance of cards for the medical use of marijuana in the state increased dramatically. By 2013, the state had changed its laws to allow not just medicinal use of marijuana, but recreational use as well. Since that decision, a variety of public health and safety trends and statistics have been published, raising questions about the long-term impacts of marijuana use in the state on health care, medical regulation and public safety. Medical regulators and policy makers in other states should review data from Colorado as they assess their own states' approaches to marijuana, including carefully balancing physicians' responsibilities to their patients with the need for wise public health and safety decision-making. Three factors are particularly important as regulators develop policy: 1) the impact of liberalized marijuana laws on public health and safety; 2) limitations in the scope and availability of evidence-based research on the efficacy of marijuana; and 3) the wide gulf between federal and state laws and procedures regarding marijuana use. By being cognizant of trends and developments in all three areas, regulators can make better decisions regarding their own policies. In today's rapidly changing marijuana policy environment, medical regulators should encourage their licensees to follow practical steps aimed at ensuring that when medical marijuana prescribing does occur, it is based on established standards of care and adherence to the basic tenets of the patient-physician relationship.

scholarly journals Elementary spatial structures and dispersion of COVID-19: health geography directing responses to public health emergency in São Paulo State, Brazil

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Magno Castelo Branco Fortaleza ◽  
Raul Borges Guimarães ◽  
Rafael de Castro Catão ◽  
Cláudia Pio Ferreira ◽  
Gabriel Berg de Almeida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Population Mobility ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Public Health Policies ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Public Health Strategies ◽  
The Impact

AbstractPublic health policies to contain the spread of COVID-19 rely mainly on non-pharmacological measures. Those measures, especially social distancing, are a challenge for developing countries, such as Brazil. In São Paulo, the most populous state in Brazil (45 million inhabitants), most COVID-19 cases up to April 18th were reported in the Capital and metropolitan area. However, the inner municipalities, where 20 million people live, are also at risk. As governmental authorities discuss the loosening of measures for restricting population mobility, it is urgent to analyze the routes of dispersion of COVID-19 in those municipalities. In this ecological study, we use geographical models of population mobility as patterns for spread of SARS-Cov-2 infection. Based on surveillance data, we identify two patterns: one by contiguous diffusion from the capital metropolitan area and other that is hierarchical, with long-distance spread through major highways to cities of regional relevance. We also modelled the impact of social distancing strategies in the most relevant cities, and estimated a beneficial effect in each and every setting studied. This acknowledgement can provide real-time responses to support public health strategies.

scholarly journals Profile of the orthodontist practicing in the State of São Paulo - Part 2

2013 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 32e1-32e6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabio Brandalise Rampon ◽  
Celestino Nóbrega ◽  
José Luiz Gonçalves Bretos ◽  
Franco Arsati ◽  
Sérgio Jakob ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sao Paulo ◽  
The State ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Orthodontic Wires ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
Qualitative Variables ◽  
Conventional Brackets ◽  
Materials Used

INTRODUCTION: The choice of brackets, bands and wires is a very important aspect of orthodontic treatment. Stainless steel prevailed for a long time, but new alloys and resources have emerged to diversify the orthodontic wire mechanics. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the profile and materials used by orthodontists practicing in the State of São Paulo, Brazil. METHODS: A questionnaire was sent to 2,414 specialists in Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics registered with the Regional Board of Dentistry of São Paulo State (CRO-SP). To assess the association between qualitative variables, the Chi-square association test was employed at 5% significance level. RESULTS: Five hundred and ninety-three (24.65%) questionnaires were completed and sent back. Efficiency was the key reason given by the professionals for choosing a particular material. The majority showed a preference for metal brackets (98%), followed by ceramics (32%) and polycarbonate (7.8%). The most widely used brackets had 0.022 x 0.028-in slots (73.2%). Regarding orthodontic wires, 88.2% employed round steel wires and conventional round NiTi wires, while 52.6% used round heat-activated NiTi and 46.5% rectangular TMA wires. Elastics (92.9%) were the most widely used method to tie the orthodontic archwire to the bracket. CONCLUSIONS: In this survey, the orthodontists claimed that efficiency was the major motivator for choosing orthodontic materials. Conventional brackets tied with conventional elastic ligatures are still the most used by the professionals. Among steel and conventional Nitinol wires, round wires ranked first. The use of resources recently available to Brazilian orthodontists, such as self-ligating brackets and mini-implants, was not significant.

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