scholarly journals High Case-Fatality Rate of Adults with Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever During An Outbreak In Non-Endemic Taiwan: Risk Factors For Dengue-Infected Elders

2008 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ching-Chuan Liu ◽  
Kao-Jean Huang ◽  
Mei-Chih Huang ◽  
J.-J. Lin ◽  
S.-M. Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Case Fatality Rate ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Fatality Rate ◽  
High Case Fatality Rate

scholarly journals Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever-induced liver injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sawai Singh Rathore ◽  
Ade Harrison Manju ◽  
Qingqing Wen ◽  
Manush Sondhi ◽  
Reshma Pydi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Injury ◽  
Case Fatality Rate ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Fatality Rate ◽  
High Case Fatality Rate ◽  
Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Pooled Prevalence

Background: Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a fatal acute tick-borne viral infection and a substantial emerging global public health threat. This illness has a high case fatality rate of up to 40%. The liver is one of the important target organs of the CCHF virus. Objective: The aim of this meta-analysis to evaluate the correlation between CCHF  and liver injury and draw more generalized inferences about the abnormal serum markers of liver injury such as alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in CCHF patients. Methods: A literature search was accomplished for published eligible articles with MEDLINE/PubMed and Embase databases. All eligible observational studies and case series were included from around the world. The inclusion criteria were articles describing liver injury biomarkers AST and ALT amongst patients diagnosed with CCHF. Results: Data from 18 studies, consisting of 1238 patients with CCHF  were included in this meta-analysis. The overall pooled prevalence of at least one raised liver injury biomarker was 77.95% (95% CI, I2 = 88.50%, p < 0.0001). Similarly, pooled prevalence of elevated AST and ALT was 85.92% (95% CI, I2 = 85.27%,  p < 0.0001) and 64.30% (95% CI, I2 = 88.32%,  p < 0.0001) respectively.  Both Egger and Begg-Mazumdar’s tests detected no apparent publication bias in all three meta-analyses(p > 0.05).  Conclusion: These elevated liver injury biomarkers have been identified as significant prognostic factors. Hence, Physicians must recognize and continuously monitor these biomarkers, since these aid early stratification of prognosis and the prevention of severe outcomes in infection with such a high case fatality rate.

scholarly journals THE OVERVIEW OF DENGUE HEMORRHAGIC FEVER IN EAST JAVA DURING 2015-2017

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Dewi Putri Dayani
Keyword(s):  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Case Fatality Rate ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Morbidity Rate ◽  
Fatality Rate ◽  
Health Profile ◽  
Population Mobility ◽  
Residential Areas

Background: Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is an infectious disease caused by the dengue virus which spreads more widely and the morbidity rate increases every year in East Java Province. DHF transmitting vector is widespread in residential areas and in public places, population density, population mobility, increasing urbanization. Purpose: This study aims to describe the number of cases, Incidence Rate (IR), Case Fatality Rate (CFR), and the peak incidence of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever in East Java Province in 2015-2017. Method: This study is a descriptive approach study with a population that is all East Java residents who are at risk of suffering from dengue. This study uses a total population technique that involves all DHF cases recorded in the East Java Provincial Health Profile for 2015-2017. The data used are secondary data obtained from the Health Profile of East Java Province in 2015-2017, namely the number of DHF cases, gender, morbidity and mortality rates due to DHF. Data were analyzed using the Incidence Rate (IR) and Case Fatality Rate (CFR) formulas. Results: The number of dengue cases in East Java in 2015 to 2017 fluctuated. DHF morbidity rates have increased in 2016 while 2017 has decreased. The mortality rate in East Java in 2015-2017 has decreased. DHF events often occur in male sex. Conclusion: Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever is a vector-borne disease with rapid spread. The occurrence of dengue hemorrhagic fever every year there is an increase in cases and deaths of almost all regencies / cities in East Java.

scholarly journals Risk factors for mortality in patients over 70 years old with COVID-19 in Wuhan at the early break: retrospective case series

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xu Zhu ◽  
Wenzheng Yuan ◽  
Junwei Shao ◽  
Kesheng Huang ◽  
Qingbo Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Blood Urea Nitrogen ◽  
Clinical Data ◽  
Case Fatality Rate ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Fatality Rate ◽  
Urea Nitrogen ◽  
High Case Fatality Rate ◽  
Risk Of Death

Abstract Background Elderly patients with COVID-19 were shown to have a high case-fatality rate. We aimed to explore the risk factors associated with death in patients over 70 years old (yr). Methods In this retrospective study, we enrolled consecutively hospitalized patients over 70 yr with COVID-19 between January 20 and February 15, 2020 in Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University. Epidemiological, demographic, and clinical data were collected. Clinical subtypes, including mild, moderate, severe, and critical types, were used to evaluate the severity of disease. Patients were classified into two groups: survivor and non-survivor groups. Clinical data were compared between the two groups. Univariable and multivariable Cox regression methods were used to explore the risk factors. Results A total of 147 patients were enrolled. The case-fatality rate was 28.6%. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression showed that clinical subtypes, including the severe type (HR = 2.983, 95% CI: 1.231–7.226, P = 0.016) and the critical type (HR = 3.267, 95%CI: 1.009–10.576, P = 0.048), were associated with increasing risk of death when compared with the general type. Blood urea nitrogen greater than 9.5 mmol/L (HR = 2.805, 95% CI: 1.141–6.892, P = 0.025) on admission was an independent risk factor for death among laboratory findings. Conclusion The patients over 70 yr with COVID-19 had a high case-fatality rate. The risk factors, including clinical subtypes and blood urea nitrogen greater than 9.5 mmol/L, could help physicians to identify elderly patients with poor clinical outcomes at an early stage.

scholarly journals Demam Berdarah Dengue di Perdesaan

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 120
Author(s):  
Erna Kusumawardani ◽  
Umar Fahmi Achmadi
Keyword(s):  
Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Case Fatality Rate ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Health Centers ◽  
Fatality Rate ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
Disease Occurrence

Berbeda dengan beberapa negara, laporan kejadian kasus demam berdarah dengue (DBD) di perdesaan Indonesia belum banyak dilaporkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan gambaran kejadian DBD di perdesaan di wilayah perbatasan Kabupaten Bogor dan Kabupaten Lebak, Jawa Barat. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain studi kasus seri dengan sampel seluruh penderita DBD yang tercatat di puskesmas pada periode bulan Januari 2011 sampai April 2012. Hasil penelitian menemukan 18 kasus DBD dan 4 kasus kematian (case fatality rate, CFR = 22%). Sebagian besar kasus berjenis kelamin laki-laki (58,3%), berusia ³ 15 tahun (58,3%), tidak bekerja/ibu rumah tangga (50%), melakukan mobilitas (66,7%), mempunyai pengetahuan yang baik (66,7%), berperilaku kurang baik (83,3%), dan mempunyai tempat penampungan air (100%). Lima dari 12 kasus DBD (41,7%) diduga merupakan kasus lokal. Dari empat puskesmas (57,1%) yang melakukan kegiatan penyelidikan epidemiologi DBD terindikasi bahwa kemungkinan besar telah terjadi transmisi DBD di wilayah perdesaan daerah perbatasan Kabupaten Bogor dan Kabupaten Lebak.Kata kunci: Demam berdarah dengue, perdesaan, transmisiAbstract Dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) has long been reported as disease affecting predominantly among urban populations. However, several recent studies suggest that DHF has spread into rural area. This study aims to describe disease occurrence of DHF in border rural areas of Bogor – Lebak. The study design is case series. The sample of this study was all patients with confirmed DHF admitted to public health centers between January 2011 and April 2012. The study was conducted in April to May 2012. The results showed that there were 19 DHF cases and four out of 18 cases died (case fatality rate, CFR was 22%). Out of 12 eligible respondents, most of them were male (58,3%), aged ³ 15 years (58,3%), unemployed/housewife (50%), conducting mobility (66,7%), having good knowledge (66,7%), behave poorly (83,3%), and having water containers (100%). Five of 12 DHF cases (41,7%) were suspected as local cases. Four primary health centers (57,1%) were able to perform PE DBD (DHF Epidemiological Investigation). These results indicate that the transmission of DHF in border rural areas of Bogor – Lebak, most likely has occurred.Key words: Dengue hemorrhagic fever, rural, transmission

scholarly journals Characterization of Glycoprotein-Mediated Entry of Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus

2016 ◽  
Vol 90 (11) ◽  
pp. 5292-5301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hideki Tani ◽  
Masayuki Shimojima ◽  
Shuetsu Fukushi ◽  
Tomoki Yoshikawa ◽  
Aiko Fukuma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Cell ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Case Fatality Rate ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Cell Entry ◽  
Fatality Rate ◽  
High Case Fatality Rate ◽  
Ph Dependent ◽  
Severe Fever

ABSTRACTSevere fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an emerging hemorrhagic fever with a high case fatality rate caused by SFTS virus (SFTSV). Effective vaccines and specific therapies for SFTS are urgently sought, and investigation into virus-host cell interactions is expected to contribute to the development of antiviral strategies. In this study, we have developed a pseudotype vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) bearing the unmodified Gn/Gc glycoproteins (GPs) of SFTSV (SFTSVpv). We have analyzed the host cell entry of this pseudotype virus and native SFTSV. Both SFTSVpv and SFTSV exhibited high infectivity in various mammalian cell lines. The use of lysosomotropic agents indicated that virus entry occurred via pH-dependent endocytosis. SFTSVpv and SFTSV infectivity was neutralized by serial dilutions of convalescent-phase patient sera. Entry of SFTSVpv and growth of SFTSV were increased in Raji cells expressing not only the C-type lectin dendritic cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule 3-grabbing nonintegrin (DC-SIGN) but also DC-SIGN-related (DC-SIGNR) and liver and lymph node sinusoidal endothelial cell C-type lectin (LSECtin). 25-Hydroxycholesterol (25HC), a soluble oxysterol metabolite, inhibited the cell entry of SFTSVpv and the membrane fusion of SFTSV. These results indicate that pH-dependent endocytosis of SFTSVpv and SFTSV is enhanced by attachment to certain C-type lectins. SFTSVpv is an appropriate model for the investigation of SFTSV-GP-mediated cell entry and virus neutralization at lower biosafety levels. Furthermore, 25HC may represent a potential antiviral agent against SFTS.IMPORTANCESFTSV is a recently discovered bunyavirus associated with SFTS, a viral hemorrhagic fever with a high case fatality rate endemic to China, South Korea, and Japan. Because little is known about the characteristics of the envelope protein and entry mechanisms of SFTSV, further studies will be required for the development of a vaccine or effective therapies. In this study, we investigated the mechanism of SFTSV cell entry using SFTSVpv and the native virus. SFTSV can grow in nonsusceptible cell lines in the presence of certain C-type lectins. Moreover, 25HC, an oxysterol metabolite, may represent a potential therapeutic inhibitor of SFTSV infection.

scholarly journals  Risk factors for mortality in patients over 70 years old with COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xu Zhu ◽  
Wenzheng Yuan ◽  
Junwei Shao ◽  
Kesheng Huang ◽  
Qingbo Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Blood Urea Nitrogen ◽  
Case Fatality Rate ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Fatality Rate ◽  
Urea Nitrogen ◽  
High Case Fatality Rate ◽  
Risk Of Death

Abstract Background: Elderly patients with COVID-19 were shown to have a high case-fatality rate. We aimed to explore the risk factors associated with death in patients over 70 years old (yo).Methods: In this retrospective study, we enrolled patients over 70 yo with COVID-19 between January 20 and February 15, 2020. Epidemiological, demographic, and clinical data were collected. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression methods were used to explore the risk factors.Results: A total of 147 patients were enrolled. The case-fatality rate was 28.6%. Multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression showed that clinical subtypes including the severe type (HR = 2.983, 95% CI: 1.231–7.226, P = 0.016) and the critical type (HR = 3.267, 95%CI: 1.009–10.576, P = 0.048) were associated with increasing risk of death when compared with the general type. Blood urea nitrogen greater than 9.5 mmol/L (HR = 2.805, 95% CI: 1.141–6.892, P = 0.025) on admission was an independent risk factor for death among laboratory findings.Conclusion: The patients over 70 yo with COVID-19 had a high case-fatality rate. The risk factors including clinical subtypes and blood urea nitrogen greater than 9.5 mmol/L could help physicians to identify elderly patients with poor clinical outcomes at an early stage.

scholarly journals Variations in case fatality and fatality risk factors of meningococcal disease in Western Norway, 1985–2002

2005 ◽  
Vol 134 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. SMITH ◽  
A. T. BJØRNEVIK ◽  
I. M. B. AUGLAND ◽  
A. BERSTAD ◽  
T. WENTZEL-LARSEN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Skin Rash ◽  
Meningococcal Disease ◽  
Case Fatality Rate ◽  
Multivariate Analyses ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Fatality Rate ◽  
The Public ◽  
Admission Time ◽  
Meningococcal Septicaemia

SUMMARYIn a retrospective epidemiological study, 293 meningococcal disease patients hospitalized during 1985–2002, were examined for fatality and risk factors related to death. The overall case fatality rate (CFR) was 8·2%, but increased from 4% during 1985–1993 to 17% during 1994–2002. The latter 9-year period was characterized by more serogroup C infections and more patients with thrombocytopenia on admission to hospital. All patients categorized as meningitis on admission survived. Of the 24 patients who died, 21 had meningococcal skin rash on admission, 23 had an onset to admission time of ⩽24 h, and 16 had severe septicaemia with hypotension and/or ecchymoses without meningitis on admission. By multivariate analyses, a short onset to admission time, >50 petechiae, thrombocytopenia and severe septicaemia on admission were associated with fatality. More lives could be saved through earlier admission to hospital. This can be achieved through more information to the public about the early signs of meningococcal septicaemia, with the recommendation to look for skin rash in patients with acute fever during the first day and night.

scholarly journals KEPADATAN NYAMUK DEWASA Aedes Sp DI KELURAHAN MALALAYANG I KECAMATAN MALALAYANG MANADO PERIODE JANUARI – PEBRUARI 2010

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Janno B. B. Bernadus ◽  
Victor D. Pijoh ◽  
Venny Kareth
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Aedes Albopictus ◽  
Case Fatality Rate ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Adult Mosquito ◽  
Fatality Rate ◽  
North Sulawesi ◽  
Culex Sp

Abstract: Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) has become a public health problem in Indonesia because of its high prevalence and ability to spread more widely. In North Sulawesi itself Case Fatality Rate of carrying dengue is increasing from year to year. The local village Malalayang has a high potential for spreading this disease. The result of an  entomology survey on adult mosquitos showed that Aedes sp was found in 40 houses of 80 house samples. From these 40 houses we got 71 mosquito samples. From these 71 samples tested and identified, we found three species: Aedes aegypti (30 samples, 42.25%), Aedes albopictus (22 samples, 30.99%), and Culex sp (19 samples, 26.76%). Mosquito density can be seen from the indices of the resting rates, which were 0.375 for Aedes aegypti, 0.275 for Aedes albopictus, and 0.65 for Aedes sp. Key words: density, adult mosquito, Aedes sp., resting rate.   Abstrak: Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) merupakan penyakit yang menjadi masalah kesehatan masyarakat di Indonesia karena prevalensinya yang tinggi dan penyebarannya semakin luas. Di Sulawesi Utara, Case Fatality Rate penyakit DBD tercatat terus meningkat dari tahun ke tahun. Kelurahan Malalayang I merupakan daerah yang potensial sebagai daerah penyebaran DBD. Survei entomologi terhadap nyamuk dewasa Aedes sp pada 80 rumah  memperlihatkan bahwa 40 diantaranya terdapat 71 sampel nyamuk. Setelah diperiksa dan diidentifikasi ternyata ditemukan tiga spesies yaitu Aedes aegypti 30 sampel (42,25%), Aedes albopictus 22 sampel (30,99%) dan Culex sp 19 (26,76%). Kepadatan nyamuk  dapat dilihat  dari angka indeks  pada resting rate yaitu Aedes aegypti = 0,375 , Aedes albopictus = 0,275 dan  Aedes sp.= 0,65. Kata kunci:  kepadatan, nyamuk dewasa, Aedes sp., resting rate.

scholarly journals COVID-19 in Sudan

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (02) ◽  
pp. 204-208
Author(s):  
Ayman Ahmed ◽  
Nouh Saad Mohamed ◽  
Sarah Misbah EL-Sadig ◽  
Lamis Ahmed Fahal ◽  
Ziad Bakri Abelrahim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Systems ◽  
Case Fatality Rate ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Religious Practices ◽  
Mass Gathering ◽  
Fatality Rate ◽  
High Case Fatality Rate ◽  
The Government ◽  
And Control

The steadily growing COVID-19 pandemic is challenging health systems worldwide including Sudan. In Sudan, the first COVID-19 case was reported on 13th March 2020, and up to 11 November 2020 there were 14,401 confirmed cases of which 9,535 cases recovered and the rest 3,750 cases were under treatment. Additionally, 1,116 deaths were reported, indicating a relatively high case fatality rate of 7.7%. Several preventive and control measures were implemented by the government of Sudan and health partners, including the partial lockdown of the country, promoting social distancing, and suspending mass gathering such as festivals and performing religious practices in groups. However, new cases still emerging every day and this could be attributed to the noncompliance of the individuals to the advocated preventive measurements.

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