scholarly journals REGULARITIES IN PROPAGATION OF OPENED CORROSION‐INDUCED CRACKS IN CONCRETE

2007 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vidmantas Jokūbaitis
Keyword(s):  
Concrete Surface ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Transverse Reinforcement ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Cracks Propagation ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Longitudinal Cracks ◽  
The Relationship

Long and short‐term (accelerated with simulation of pressure developed by compressed rust) experimental investigations were accomplished. It was investigated in long‐term tests the relationship between the width of the longitudinal cracks on the concrete surface and close to the reinforcement, and relation between these widths and corrosion‐induced damages in the reinforcement; parameters of these relationships were established. In short‐time investigations it was tried to clarify the influence of transverse reinforcement and opened normal cracks on the nature of longitudinal cracks propagation. It has been determined that the character and the rate of propagation of the longitudinal cracks depend on distribution of transverse reinforcement and normal cracks along a member.

Molecular biology of enzyme adaptations in higher eukaryotes

Genome ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 272-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donal A. Hickey ◽  
Bernhard F. Benkel ◽  
Charalambos Magoulas
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Biology ◽  
Tissue Specificity ◽  
Enzyme System ◽  
Direct Interaction ◽  
Evolutionary Genetics ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Eukaryotic Genes ◽  
Higher Eukaryotes ◽  
The Relationship

Multicellular eukaryotes have evolved complex homeostatic mechanisms that buffer the majority of their cells from direct interaction with the external environment. Thus, in these organisms long-term adaptations are generally achieved by modulating the developmental profile and tissue specificity of gene expression. Nevertheless, a subset of eukaryotic genes are still involved in direct responses to environmental fluctuations. It is the adaptative responses in the expression of these genes that buffers many other genes from direct environmental effects. Both microevolutionary and macroevolutionary patterns of change in the structure and regulation of such genes are illustrated by the sequences encoding α-amylases. The molecular biology and evolution of α-amylases in Drosophila and other higher eukaryotes are presented. The amylase system illustrates the effects of both long-term and short-term natural selection, acting on both the structural and regulatory components of a gene–enzyme system. This system offers an opportunity for linking evolutionary genetics to molecular biology, and it allows us to explore the relationship between short-term microevolutionary changes and long-term adaptations.Key words: gene regulation, molecular evolution, eukaryotes, Drosophila, amylase.

scholarly journals BANK PROFITABILITY AND MACROECONOMY: EVIDENCE FROM LITHUANIA

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 383-405 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurynas NARUŠEVIČIUS
Keyword(s):  
Banking Sector ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Empirical Examination ◽  
Bank Profitability ◽  
Pooled Mean Group ◽  
Real Gdp ◽  
Income Statement ◽  
Main Determinants ◽  
The Relationship

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between profitability of the Lithuanian banking sector and its internal and external determinants. We use the panel error correc­tion model to assess long-term and short-term determinants of items from bank income statements (net interest income, net fee and commission income and operating expenses). The results of the pooled mean group estimator show that bank size and real GDP are the main determinants in the long-term. Meanwhile, empirical examination suggests various variables as short-term determinants of income statement items. The pooled mean group estimation technique and the analysis of sepa­rate income statement items enable us to have a better insight into the Lithuanian banking sector and determinants of its revenue and expenses.

scholarly journals Bootstrap ARDL Test on the Relationship among Trade, FDI and CO2 Emissions: Based on the Experience of BRICS Countries

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fumei He ◽  
Ke-Chiun Chang ◽  
Min Li ◽  
Xueping Li ◽  
Fangjhy Li
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Causal Relationship ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Export Trade ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Brics Countries ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Cointegration Relationship

We used the Bootstrap ARDL method to test the relationship between the export trades, FDI and CO2 emissions of the BRICS countries. We found that China's foreign direct investment and the lag one period of CO2 emissions have a cointegration on exports. South Africa's foreign direct investment and CO2 emissions have a cointegration relationship with the lag one period of exports, and South Africa's the lag one period of exports and foreign direct investment have a cointegration relationship with the lag one period of CO2 emissions. But whether it is China or South Africa, these three variables have no causal relationship in the long-term. Among the variables of other BRICS countries, Russia is the only country showed degenerate case #1 in McNown et al. mentioned in their paper. When we examined short-term causality, we found that CO2 emissions and export trade showed a reverse causal relationship, while FDI and carbon emissions were not so obvious. Export trade has a positive causal relationship with FDI. Those variables are different from different situations and different countries.

scholarly journals Analisis Peningkatan Upah Minimum Terhadap Penyerapan Tenaga Kerja di Provinsi Jawa Tengah

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 134-143
Author(s):  
Annisa Yulianti ◽  
Hadi Sasana
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Minimum Wage ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Meaningful Relationship ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Relationship Of

 This study aims to analyze the short-term and long-term relationship of increasing the minimum wage in Central Java on employment. The research method used is ECM. The variables of this study include labor, minimum wages, PMDN, and economic growth. The data used are time-series data from 1990-2020. The results show that the minimum wage has a positive and significant relationship to the employment in the long term but not significantly in the short time. PMDN has a negative but significant correlation in the short and long term. At the same time, the variable economic growth has a positive but not meaningful relationship to employment absorption in the long and short term.

scholarly journals Analisis Indeks Harga Konsumen di Indonesia Melalui Pendekatan Kointegrasi

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 110-118
Author(s):  
Muhamad Muin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Empirical Study ◽  
Money Supply ◽  
Price Index ◽  
Consumer Price Index ◽  
Data Series ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Monthly Data ◽  
The Relationship

This study aims to analyze the relationship between the rupiah exchange rate (RER) and the money supply (M1) on the outgrowth of the consumer price index (CPI) in Indonesia. The data used in this study are monthly data series from January 2005 to January 2019. The results of this empirical study shows that there is a relationship between RER and M1 on CPI in the long term and there is a correction in the short term balance (ECM) which is influenced by M1. All of these variables are significant at α = 5% and partly significant at α = 1%.

The Relationship between Goal Proximity and Specificity in Bowling: A Field Experiment

1990 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven H. Frierman ◽  
Robert S. Weinberg ◽  
Allen Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Goal Setting ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Questionnaire Data ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Level Of Confidence ◽  
Goal Condition ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Better Than

The purpose of this investigation was twofold: to determine if individuals who were assigned specific, difficult goals perform better than those assigned “do your best” goals, and to examine the importance of goal proximity (longterm vs. short-term) on bowling performance. Subjects were 72 students enrolled in two beginning bowling courses at a 4-year university. They were matched according to baseline bowling averages and then randomly assigned to one of four goal-setting conditions. A 4 × 5 (Goal Condition × Trials) ANOVA with repeated measures on the last factor revealed a significant goal condition main effect, with the long-term goal group improving more than the do-your-best group. No other performance comparisons reached significance. Questionnaire data revealed that subjects in all three numerical goal conditions rated their level of confidence significantly higher than the do-your-best goal group in Week 1, but the long-term goal group displayed a significantly higher level of confidence than the other three goal groups in Week 4. All other questions indicated that all groups tried hard and were committed to and accepted their goals.

“The Death of Liberal Internationalism?: Donald Trump, Walmart, and the Two Koreas”

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-197
Author(s):  
Mitchell B. Lerner
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Business Practices ◽  
Short Term ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Liberal Internationalism ◽  
The People ◽  
Modern Business ◽  
Short Time

The election of Donald J. Trump unsettled many areas of U.S. foreign policy, but few more than the nation’s relationship with Korea. This article argues that the Trump administration’s vision for the world represents a stark break from the tradition of liberal internationalism and instead seeks to take the United States down a path that reflects the modern business practices of giant American corporations. A suitable label for this vision, as the following pages will show, is “Walmart unilateralism.” This framework abandons the traditional American policies of nation building and alliances based on shared ideological values. Instead, it embraces a more short-term approach rooted in financial bottom lines, flexible alliances and rivalries, and the ruthless exploitation of power hierarchies. This new approach, this article concludes, may dramatically transform the American relationship with Korea. Walmart unilateralism in Korea almost certainly will have some short-time positive ramifications for the United States, but its larger failure to consider the history and values of the people living on the Korean Peninsula may generate serious long-term problems for the future experience of the United States in the region.

scholarly journals Assessing the Spatial and Spatio-Temporal Distribution of Forest Species via Bayesian Hierarchical Modeling

Forests ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 573 ◽  
Author(s):  
Óscar Rodríguez de Rivera ◽  
Antonio López-Quílez ◽  
Marta Blangiardo
Keyword(s):  
Hierarchical Modeling ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Distribution Models ◽  
Address Climate Change ◽  
Bayesian Hierarchical ◽  
Temporal Models ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
The Relationship

Climatic change is expected to affect forest development in the short term, as well as the spatial distribution of species in the long term. Species distribution models are potentially useful tools for guiding species choices in reforestation and forest management prescriptions to address climate change. The aim of this study is to build spatial and spatio-temporal models to predict the distribution of four different species present in the Spanish Forest Inventory. We have compared the different models and showed how accounting for dependencies in space and time affect the relationship between species and environmental variables.

Contrasting tactical and strategic dynamics on a Clausewitz landscape

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-153
Author(s):  
Rodrick Wallace
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Models ◽  
Limit Theorems ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Evolutionary Process ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Local Resources ◽  
Human Organization ◽  
The World ◽  
Short Time

Statistical models based on the asymptotic limit theorems of control and information theories allow formal examination of the essential differences between short-time “tactical” confrontations and a long-term “strategic” conflict dominated by evolutionary process. The world of extended coevolutionary conflict is not the world of sequential “muddling through.” The existential strategic challenge is to take cognitive control of a long-term dynamic in which one may, in fact, be “losing” most short-term confrontations. Winning individual battles can be a relatively direct, if not simple or easy, matter of sufficient local resources, training, and resolve. Winning extended conflicts is not direct, and requires management of subtle coevolutionary phenomena subject to a dismaying punctuated equilibrium more familiar from evolutionary theory than military doctrine. Directed evolution has given us the agricultural base needed for large-scale human organization. Directed coevolution of the inevitable conflicts between the various segments of that organization may be needed for its long-term persistence.

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