scholarly journals RESEARCH OF ENERGY EFFICIENCY AND REDUCTION OF ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION IN FREIGHT RAIL TRANSPORTATION

Transport ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 291-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergejus Lebedevas ◽  
Stasys Dailydka ◽  
Virgilijus Jastremskas ◽  
Paulius Rapalis
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Diesel Engines ◽  
Computer Modelling ◽  
Freight Transportation ◽  
Railway Network ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
Harmful Emissions ◽  
Modelling Studies

The publication presents the results arising from the experimental and mathematical modelling studies, which mainly aimed to investigate the selection and optimization of the rational operation modes particular to diesel engines of freight locomotives in the possession of the JSC ‘Lithuanian Railways’ (AB ‘Lietuvos geležinkeliai’). The goal of the optimization is to increase the energy efficiency, reduce fuel consumption and emissions of harmful air pollutants to the environment from diesel engines of locomotives during freight transportation via the main lines of the Lithuanian railway network. A complex energy efficiency and environmental pollution assessment criterion KE–E adjusted for diesel engines of freight locomotives has been suggested. The use of KE–E on the basis of the conducted complex experimental mathematical computer modelling studies has determined that the reserves reducing fuel consumption, harmful emissions and greenhouse gas (CO2) emissions constitute 6÷15% on an average, and in the case of individual railway network lines they go up to 30%. The comparative emission of harmful components per fuel mass (NOx, CO, CH, PM) e´NOx, e´CO, e´CH, e´PM when carrying freight via the main lines of the railway network by trains weighing 3000÷7500 t has been singled out. The results constitute sufficient grounds to organise control of harmful emissions and provide an opportunity to solve practical tasks with a slight tolerance (3÷7%) taking account of diesel engines of locomotives used for transportation. It has been proposed to measure the freight transportation efficiency according to the complex criterion KE–E, indicates the energy efficiency and the assessment of environmental pollution originating from diesel engine of locomotives. The reserves for increasing the efficiency of energy usage have been studied according to the variational mathematical computer modelling data. A methodology for measuring the freight transportation rationality and estimating the optimal indicators has been proposed, using the values of the KE–E criterion for the railways freight transportation, as well as the technology for controlling the traction characteristics as well as energy and ecology indicators of diesel engines of locomotives in operational conditions.

Experimental Investigation of Adding Vanes Into the Air Intake Runner of a Diesel Engine Run on Biodiesel to Improve the Air-Fuel Mixing

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Bari ◽  
Idris Saad
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Diesel Engines ◽  
Physiochemical Properties ◽  
Lower Power ◽  
Harmful Emissions ◽  
Air Intake ◽  
Fuel Mixing

Diesel engine can be run with renewable biodiesel which has the potential to supplement the receding supply of crude oil. Use of biodiesel in diesel engines can also reduce harmful emissions of CO, unburned HC and particulates. As biodiesel possess similar physiochemical properties to diesel, most diesel engines can be run with biodiesel with minimum modifications. However, the viscosity and calorific values of biodiesel are higher and lower, respectively than diesel which will affect the performance of diesel engine run with biodiesel. Use of 100% biodiesel in diesel engines shows inferior performance of having lower power and torque. Guide vanes into the intake runner to improve the in-cylinder airflow characteristic to break down higher viscous biodiesel is the aim of this research. This is expected to improve the air-fuel mixing resulting better combustion. The experimental results of biodiesel run in a diesel-gen set showed that break specific fuel consumption reduced in between 0.90 and 1.77% with vane numbers of 3 to 5. In regards to emissions, CO reduced in the range 0.05 and 8.78%, CO2 reduced in the range of 0.82 and 1.75%, and HC in the range of 1.19 and 7.49% with vane numbers of 3 to 5. Interestingly, most improvements were found with the vane numbers of 4.

scholarly journals ANALISIS PENGARUH PEMBEBANAN ENGINE TERHADAP EMISI GAS BUANG DAN FUEL CONSUMPTION MENGGUNAKAN BAHAN BAKAR SOLAR DAN BIODIESEL B10 PADA ENGINE CUMMINS QSK 45 C

POROS ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 136
Author(s):  
Puji Saksono ◽  
Pandu Prastiyo Utomo
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Nitrogen Oxide ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Diesel Engines ◽  
The Other ◽  
Alternative Solution ◽  
Test Equipment ◽  
Heavy Equipment

Abstract: The fuels for Diesel engines derived from petroleum of its existence the longer depleting. Starting from this, the use of biodiesel as a successor is an alternative solution. Conversion of diesel fuel for Diesel engines of heavy equipment to the other types, one of them should pay attention to emissions- related environmental pollution and fuel consumption. This research was conducted with the aim to find out the influence of loading engine against exhaust emissions and fuel consumption using diesel fuel and biodiesel B10 on engine Cummins QSK 45 c. Testing performed in the PT. Saptaindra Sejati workshop (SIS) MIA 3, km. 84, Adaro, Tanjung Tabalong, South Kalimantan, while the primary uses test equipment namely dynamometer (dynotest) Taylor DS4010. The results of testing using biodiesel in diesel fuel compared with B10 imposition engine 0 - 100% decline in average levels of nitrogen oxide (NOx) of 88% (g/kW-hr); carbon monoxide (CO) of 88% (g/kW-hr); and hydrocarbons (HC) by 80% (g/kW-hr), while the fuel consumption experienced a decrease in 0 - 7.14%. 

Improving pre-turbine selective catalytic reduction systems in marine two-stroke diesel engines using hybrid turbocharging: A numerical study of selective catalytic reduction operation range and system fuel efficiency

2019 ◽  
Vol 234 (2) ◽  
pp. 463-474
Author(s):  
Jørgen Bremnes Nielsen ◽  
Kevin Koosup Yum ◽  
Eilif Pedersen
Keyword(s):  
Selective Catalytic Reduction ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Diesel Engines ◽  
Catalytic Reduction ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Load Range ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
Reduction Operation ◽  
Operation Conditions ◽  
System Solution

In this article, a performance evaluation of a novel system solution combining a hybrid turbocharger and a pre-turbine selective catalytic NOx reduction system is carried out. Pre-turbine selective catalytic system are used with marine two-stroke diesel engines to comply with International Maritime Organization Tier III. The system solution focuses on expanding the selective catalytic reduction operation range which is limited by fuel sulphur content by increasing exhaust temperature at low engine loads. The extended operation range is to be achieved while minimizing any fuel consumption penalties. Increasing the operation range brings improvements to emission levels during manoeuvring operations which are often carried out close to populated areas. It also provides flexibility by enabling emission reduction during slow steaming operations in which mitigating fuel consumption penalties is paramount. In addition to system evaluation in still water conditions, furthermore evaluations have been carried out taking into consideration the effect of waves on the system performance. Investigating the effect of operating in waves bring additional insight that is relevant for predicting performance in operational conditions. Analysis of the system solution found that improvements in selective catalytic reduction operation range can be achieved while also improving fuel consumption. Fuel consumption is significantly improved in the high load range. Effect of realistic operation conditions where found to affect performance; however, significant effects are only found for harsh sea states in the load range below the design point.

Estimation of Energy Saving for Melting Process on Sewage Sludge

1991 ◽  
Vol 23 (10-12) ◽  
pp. 2011-2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Murakami ◽  
K. Sasabe ◽  
K. Sasaki ◽  
T. Kawashima
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Energy Saving ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Melting Process ◽  
System Operation ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
Volatile Solids ◽  
Cake Moisture ◽  
Very High

The possible volume reduction and stabilization of the sewage sludge associated with the melting process are expected to be greater than with the incineration process. In addition, melted slag can be utilized. However, since the melting process requires a very high temperature to melt inorganics (ash) in the sludge, the technologies to minimize energy consumption, to establish system operation and to prolong durability of facilities should be developed. This paper discusses the auxiliary fuel consumption as follows.(1)Preparation of a model that provides the auxiliary fuel consumption of the melting system on the basis of the mass and heat balances.(2)Evaluation of the auxiliary fuel consumption in the above model using the cake moisture content, the volatile solids of the cake, the dried cake moisture content and the melting temperature as parameters.(3)Examination of the operational conditions for an energy saving melting system based on the results of (1) and (2) above.

An Improvement of Part Load Performance of Diesel Engines Operating at Constant Speed Conditions

1994 ◽  
Vol 208 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
A A Abdel-Rahman ◽  
M K Ibrahim ◽  
A A Said
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Diesel Engines ◽  
Petroleum Refining ◽  
Specific Fuel Consumption ◽  
Constant Speed ◽  
Maximum Pressure ◽  
Brake Specific Fuel Consumption ◽  
Part Load ◽  
Generating Sets ◽  
In Series

This paper discusses the possibility of improving the part load performance of diesel electric turbocharged engines operating at constant speed conditions. A sequential turbocharged system is proposed, where the compressors are connected In series. The study focused on two turbocharged diesel–electric generating sets existing at Ameria Petroleum Refining Company in Alexandria, Egypt. The results of the prediction showed that, at part load, both the maximum pressure and temperature were increased, and the brake specific fuel consumption was reduced considerably (by about 10 per cent).

scholarly journals Soil Bio-Impact Effectiveness for the Optimal Multicriterial Environmental Sustainability in Crop Production

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 72
Author(s):  
Vilma Naujokienė ◽  
Daiva Rimkuvienė ◽  
Egidijus Šarauskis
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Experimental Research ◽  
Total Porosity ◽  
Optimal Decision ◽  
Soil Stability ◽  
Plant Residues ◽  
Multicriteria Assessment

Different bio-impacts affect the various properties and composition of soil, plant residues, harvests, and technological processes, as well as the interactions between different parts of the soil, working machine tools, energy consumption and environmental pollution with harmful gases. To summarize the wide-coverage investigations of various aspects of different bio-impact parameters, a multicriteria evaluation was conducted. Experimental research shows that different bioeffects such as those of agricultural practices can be oriented towards a reduction in fuel consumption, followed by reductions in CO2 emissions from machinery and changes in soil properties, dynamics of composition, yield and other parameters. A multicriteria assessment of the essential parameters would give farmers new opportunities to choose one optimal decision for reducing fuel consumption and increasing agricultural production, thereby reducing the negative environmental impact of soil cultivation processes, increasing yields and improving soil. Of all the properties investigated, from a practical point of view, the selection of the most important of all the essential links, such as reducing energy and expenditure, reducing environmental pollution, improving soil, and increasing yields and productivity, is reasonable. The evaluation of the bio-impact effects in agriculture by accounting for many criteria from several aspects was the main objective of the multicriteria assessment using the analytic hierarchy process. Based on the results of a multivariable research of fuel consumption—C1, C2, yield—C3, CO2 from soil—C4, density—C5, total porosity—C6, humus—C7, soil stability—C8, and soil moisture content—C9, the evaluation used experimental research data and the Simple Additive Weighting (SAW) mathematical method to find the best-case scenario. Multicriteria effectiveness was most pronounced after the first and third soil bio-impacts by using a solution of essential oils of plants, 40 species of various herbs extracts, marine algae extracts, mineral oils, Azospirillum sp. (N), Frateuria aurentia (K), Bacillus megaterium (P), seaweed extract. The most important goal was to achieve the best soil bio-impact effectiveness—minimized energy consumption from ploughing and disc harrowing operations, parallelly minimized harmful emissions from agricultural machinery, minimized CO2 from soil, soil density, maximized soil total porosity, soil humus, soil stability, yield and optimized soil moisture.

Energy Efficiency Based Operation of Compressed Air System on Ships to Reduce Fuel 163 Consumption and CO2 Emission

2019 ◽  
Vol 161 (A2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Unit Cost ◽  
Leakage Rate ◽  
Compressed Air ◽  
Power Requirement ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Operating Load ◽  
Air System ◽  
Potential Energy Saving

Energy efficiency subject has been gaining importance in maritime sector. The compressed air is a valuable energy source in operational manner, by the reason of intrinsic lack of efficiency in pressurization process. Operational pressure and leakage rate are the major variables which affect operational efficiency of the system. This study aims to reveal potential energy saving for the compressed air system. To this end, several pressure ranges, 29-30 bars to 14-18 bars, and different leakage rates 2.4% to 45% are evaluated. After the data was obtained from ships, thermodynamic calculations had been carried out. Optimization of pressure saves 47.3% in daily power requirement, 58,2% in compressed air unit cost, 18.4 and 57.4 tons of reduction in fuel consumption and CO2 emissions in a year respectively. High leakage rates can cause 2.7 times more power and fuel consumption. Finally, operating load, as an important indicator of compressor, makes imperfections identifiable.

Development of a Calculation Method for Fuel Consumption of Ships in Actual Seas With Performance Evaluation

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masaru Tsujimoto ◽  
Mariko Kuroda ◽  
Naoto Sogihara
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Calculation Method ◽  
Weather Condition ◽  
Hydrodynamic Performance ◽  
Added Resistance ◽  
Operating Limits ◽  
Ship Hydrodynamic ◽  
Main Engine ◽  
Actual Seas

Greenhouse gas shall be reduced from shipping sector. For that purpose the regulation of EEDI (energy efficiency design index for new ships) and SEEMP (ship energy efficiency management plan) have been entry into force from 2013. In order to improve the energy efficiency in ship operation it is necessary to predict the fuel consumption accurately. In actual seas the wave effect is the dominant component of the external forces. In particular it is well known the bow shape above water affects the added resistance in waves. To reflect the effect of the bow shape a method which takes into account the result of simplified tank tests is proposed here. Using the results of tank tests the effect of the bow shape above water can be evaluated with accuracy as well as with robustness. Regarding to the fuel consumption it should be evaluated by combining the ship hydrodynamic performance with the engine characteristics. Especially the operating limits of the main engine, such as the torque limit and the over load protection, are affected to the ship hydrodynamic performance. In rough weather condition the revolution of the main engine will be reduced to be below the operating limits of the engine. This causes the large decrease of ship speed. To prevent the increase of fuel consumption, a control system by Fuel Index as an index of fuel injection has been applied to some ships. The calculation method for the fuel consumption by using Fuel Index is presented. In this paper following contents are reported; 1) development of a calculation method for the added resistance due to waves combined with the simplified tank tests in short waves, 2) comparison of the calculation method with onboard measurement, 3) development of a calculation method for the fuel consumption considering the engine operating mode in actual seas and 4) comparison of the method with onboard measurement of a container ship. From these investigations the availability of the present method is confirmed.

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