scholarly journals EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF BIODEGRADATION PROCESSES IN FOOD WASTE WITH DIFFERENT AMOUNTS OF MOISTURE

2006 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 173-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pranas Baltrėnas ◽  
Audronė Jankaitė ◽  
Ervinas Raistenskis
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Municipal Waste ◽  
Waste Materials ◽  
Waste Collection ◽  
Collection System ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Negative Environmental Impact

The today's world faces a rapid increase of population and thus a growing amount of generated waste. Unsorted municipal waste is transported to landfills. The negative environmental impact of a landfill is related with generated odours, polluted leachate and waste itself. Most of present landfills do not meet minimal environmental and sanitary requirements, i e most of landfills do not have an installed leachate collection system. In Lithuania waste management is related with many problems. The municipal waste collection system is inefficient, and the equipment is outdated. Large amounts of recyclable waste materials mixed with other wastes are still disposed in landfills. Aiming to use anaerobic digestion technologies for organic waste and minimize their negative environmental impact, recyclables need to be separated. The paper gives information about experimental investigation with fruit, vegetable and meat waste humidified with addition of moisture to 75 %, 79 % and 85 %. The experiment lasted for 60 days, and the concentration of methane and oxygen as well as temperature changes in vessels were observed. The results showed that in 50 l containers of mixed waste set with moisture to 85 % higher amounts of methane were produced than in those humidified with less water.

scholarly journals An Exploratory Investigation of Organic Solid Waste for Energy Use in the Dominican Republic: Case of the Municipality of Puñal, Santiago

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edian F Franco ◽  
Wilfredo Padrón Iglesia ◽  
Karina Pérez Teruel
Keyword(s):  
Dominican Republic ◽  
Waste Management ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Municipal Waste ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste Management ◽  
Waste Collection ◽  
Collection System ◽  
Legal Controls

One of the biggest problems that the Dominican Republic has had in recent decades is the efficient management of solid waste produced by the population. This problem has worsened in recent years due to the decrease in available areas for the construction of sanitary landfills, the lack of recycling culture in the population, the deficiency in waste collection, and the scarce legal controls aimed at preserving water and air and soil, among other factors. The objective of this study was to explore the management of solid waste by the population and the municipality of Puñal, province of Santiago, to evaluate and analyze the situation and generation of solid waste, municipal solid waste management services, and the attitudes of the population regarding recycling projects and waste management, to evaluate the viability and sustainability of the use organic waste for energy generation. A total of 275 households from 29 localities in the municipality of Puñal were surveyed, which allowed for a significant population sample. According to the results obtained, the most significant type of waste produced by families is organic waste, followed by plastic waste and paper. Of the total organic waste produced in the municipality, 53% of solid waste is disregarded through the municipal waste collection system, while 47% is used as plant fertilizers or animal feed. On the other hand, most households receive the municipal waste collection service and pay for this service. The results of our research show that the implementation of an energy production system based on organic waste would be viable in the municipality of Puñal. However, a more efficient waste collection system would be necessary and the development of programs and projects that allow all households to participate in the system.

scholarly journals Insular Biobjective Routing with Environmental Considerations for a Solid Waste Collection System in Southern Chile

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela S. Arango González ◽  
Elias Olivares-Benitez ◽  
Pablo A. Miranda
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Transportation Cost ◽  
Real Data ◽  
Mixed Integer ◽  
Southern Chile ◽  
Waste Collection ◽  
Collection System ◽  
Solid Waste Collection ◽  
Weighted Sum Method

This paper presents a biobjective problem for a solid waste collection system in a set of islands in southern Chile. The first objective minimizes transportation cost and the second one reduces the environmental impact caused by the accumulation of solid waste at the collection points. To solve this problem, biobjective mixed integer linear programming is used. In the model, an itinerary scheme is considered for the visit to the islands. The model decides which collection points are visited per island, the collection pattern, and quantity of solid waste to be collected at each site. The quantity of solid waste is obtained dividing the solid waste generated in the island by the number of collection points selected in that same island and the frequency of visits. For this problem, we considered that the environmental impact function varies through the days during which solid waste is accumulated at each collection point. We present an instance based on real data for a set of islands in Chiloe and Palena regions in southern Chile, in which the deposit node is Dalcahue. We used the epsilon-constraint method and the weighted sum method to obtain the Pareto front, using commercial optimization software.

scholarly journals EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF BIODEGRADATION PROCESSES IN FOOD WASTE

2005 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 167-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pranas Baltrenas ◽  
Audrone Jankaite ◽  
Ervinas Raistenskis
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Harmful Effect ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
The World ◽  
Treatment Technologies ◽  
Inorganic Waste ◽  
Organic Waste Treatment

Millions of tons of different organic waste form in the world every year, but only a little part of waste is suitable for biogas production, while its rest part can't be used for biogas production because of different reasons and is utilized using other methods or deposited in landfills. Organic waste, produced in our country, is mixed very often with different kinds of municipal or industrial waste. For a successful use of anaerobic organic waste treatment technologies, a maximal decrease of its harmful effect on the environment, and reaching of a maximum economic efficiency, it is necessary to sort organic waste (or better, not to mix it with other inorganic waste from the very start). Experimental investigation with fruit, vegetable and meat waste are presented in the paper. The aim of the investigation was to observe the concentrations of released methane and oxygen gases as well as to measure temperature changes.

scholarly journals Greenhouse Gas Emission Reduction Due to Improvement of Biodegradable Waste Management System

2014 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
pp. 26-40
Author(s):  
R. Bendere ◽  
I. Teibe ◽  
D. Arina ◽  
J. Lapsa
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Waste Management ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Waste Disposal ◽  
Municipal Waste ◽  
Planning System ◽  
Waste Collection ◽  
Final Disposal ◽  
Biodegradable Waste

Abstract To reduce emissions of greenhouse gas (GHG) from landfills, the European Union (EU) Landfill Directive 1999/31/EC requires that there be a progressive decrease in the municipal biodegradable waste disposal. The main problem of waste management (WM) in Latvia is its heavy dependence on the waste disposal at landfills. The poorly developed system for the sorted municipal waste collection and the promotion of landfilling as a major treatment option led to the disposal of 84% of the total collected municipal waste in 2012, with a high biodegradable fraction. In Latvia, the volume of emissions due to activities of the WM branch was 5.23% (632.6 CO2 eq.) of the total GHG emissions produced in the National economy in 2010 (12 097 Gg CO2 eq., except the land use, land-use change and forestry). Having revised the current situation in the management of biodegradable waste in Latvia, the authors propose improvements in this area. In the work, analysis of environmental impact was carried out using Waste Management Planning System (WAMPS) software in the WM modelling scenarios. The software computes the emissions, energy and turnover of waste streams for the processes within the WM system such as waste collection and transportation, composting, anaerobic digestion, and the final disposal (landfilling or incineration). The results of WAMPS modelling are presented in four categories associated with the environmental impact: acidification, global warming, eutrophication and photo-oxidant formation, each characterised by a particular emission. These categories cover an integrated WM system, starting with the point when products turn to waste which is then thrown into the bin for waste at its generation source, and ending with the point where the waste transforms either into useful material (recycled material, biogas or compost) or contributes to emissions into environment after the final disposal at a landfill or an incineration plant

scholarly journals Fuel-related Emissions from the Croatian Municipal Solid Waste Collection System in 2013: Mixed Municipal Waste

2018 ◽  
Vol 67 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 49-66
Author(s):  
Anamarija Grbeš ◽  
◽  
Ilijana Ljubić ◽  
Želimir Veinović ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Municipal Waste ◽  
Waste Collection ◽  
Collection System ◽  
Solid Waste Collection

scholarly journals Best practice for bio-waste collection as a prerequisite for high-quality compost

2021 ◽  
pp. 0734242X2110337
Author(s):  
Henning Friege ◽  
Yasmin Eger
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
High Population Density ◽  
Waste Collection ◽  
Collection System ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Low Rate

Due to its high content of humic substances, compost from bio-waste improves the structure and fertility of soils serving also as a sink for CO2. But compost is also contaminated with numerous compounds, for example, plastics, glass particles, etc., mostly due to incorrect sorting by the waste producer, that is, households. The contamination even increases when covering areas of a high population density as is also evident from experience in Germany with a steadily increasing proportion of bio-waste. Only compost with high quality and minimum contamination is an acceptable fertilizer. A structured interview of experts investigated which measures or combinations of measures are best suitable to reduce the rate of misplaced materials in the organic waste. Only responsible persons were interviewed whose municipalities extensively collect separately bio-waste since years and have a low rate of unwanted materials. The questions focus on the identification of the misplacements according to their kind and quantity, the respective collection system, the regional statutes and their enforcement as well as the kind and extent of public awareness measures. The respective necessary measures are being discussed. This systemic approach can be transferred to other regions that intend to collect large quantities of bio-waste separately.

scholarly journals Single-Use Paper Cups Circularity Improvement and Environmental Impact Mitigation Measures for Lappeenranta University of Technology Campus

Proceedings ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 58
Author(s):  
Suskevice ◽  
Grönman
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Closed System ◽  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Waste Collection ◽  
Collection System ◽  
University Of Technology ◽  
Single Use ◽  
The University ◽  
Paper Cups

This study examines the generation and treatment of disposable single-use paper cups at Lappeenranta University of Technology (LUT) campus located in Finland. The study was carried out within the LUT campus considering take-away venues and the waste collection system, with the intersection of the local waste treatment system. The University was considered as a closed system where different activities and services are taking place. This work contributes to a better understanding of newly adopted circularity measures and application possibilities. The research attempted to evaluate the environmental impacts, and reduction options of disposable single-use paper cups within the Lappeenranta University of Technology (LUT) campus, and measured the circularity indicator of single-use paper cups.

scholarly journals Municipal waste collection flow planning issues

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 49-58
Author(s):  
Zoltán Eke ◽  
István Havasi
Keyword(s):  
Operating System ◽  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Waste Management ◽  
Municipal Waste ◽  
Common Interest ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Waste Collection ◽  
Collection System ◽  
The Common ◽  
Material Expenditure

In Hungary, municipal waste collection plays a key role in the waste management sector. The common interest of the sector is to increase the efficiency of waste collection and minimize costs. It is also important in terms of material expenditure and environmental impact that this collection system works as efficiently as possible. In the presented work we tried to illustrate the currently operating system, the division of the Waste Management Regions, and the linking of the settlements and landfills. In addition, we examined the design of one other theoretical collection system that appears to be more efficient than the existing one and to present the influencing factors which have an effect the practical implementation of the theoretical model, their incorporation into specific flight plans.

Production of Proline and Protease With Different Organic Wastes in Bacteria

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hüseyin Kahraman ◽  
Cennet Canan Karaderi
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Protease Activity ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Organic Wastes ◽  
Waste Materials ◽  
Protease Production ◽  
Modified Method ◽  
Cellular Debris ◽  
Phosphate Buffered Saline

Abstract Background: In this study, we investigated the proline and protease production of different bacteria in several organic waste materials. Our aim was to produce proline and protease economically in waste that is abundantly available while reducing its environmental impact. Methods: 5 ml of different organic waste materials were placed in 10 ml grow tubes, inoculated and incubated for 24 h. Phosphate-buffered saline and 10% solutions of different organic wastes were added. These cultures were subsequently incubated at 37°C for 24 h. Cells were harvested at 24 h for L-proline assay. 1 ml of culture was transferred by pipette into an Eppendorf tube and centrifuged at at room temperature. Cellular debris was removed by centrifuge and the supernatant was used for proline activity assays. Results: Protease activity was determined using a modified method with casein as the substrate. We found that proline and protease can easily be produced economically using TCW, WCW and OWW organic waste. Conclusion: We believe that this study will result in similar research leading to the economical use of these waste materials thus reducing their impact on the environment.

Ecological Roofing Tiles Made with Rubber and Plastic Wastes

2013 ◽  
Vol 844 ◽  
pp. 458-461 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosana Gaggino ◽  
María Josefina Positieri ◽  
Patricia Irico ◽  
Jerónimo Kreiker ◽  
Ricardo Arguello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Renewable Resources ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Specific Weight ◽  
Waste Materials ◽  
Specific Objective ◽  
Plastic Wastes ◽  
Environmental Decontamination ◽  
Negative Environmental Impact ◽  
Flexural Resistance

The general objective of this research work was to contribute to the environmental decontamination. Its specific objective was to develop sustainable roofing tiles from the ecological, technical and economical points of view.These roofing tiles are made from recycled materials such as plastics from industry, and rubber from tires into disuse. In this way this technology contributes in the decontamination of the environment, since it uses waste materials that are buried in municipal land without any use, or accumulated and burned in landfills, causing pollution. The procedure used was the thermo-molding compaction. The available amounts of plastic waste are abundant. According to data provided in 2012 by the Ministry of Health and Environment of Argentina, Argentina produces 1,639 tons / year. The available amounts of rubber tires are also abundant. According to data provided in 2012 by the National Institute of Industrial Technology -INTI, Argentina generates more than 100,000 tons / year. Plastics and rubber are non bio-degradables materials, so nature can not absorb them as other waste. One purpose of this research work was to provide an alternative to other traditional building technologies that consume non-renewable resources, or produce negative environmental impact. The main technical advantages of these roofing tiles respect to other traditional such as ceramic or concrete tiles are their excellent resistance to hail and freezing, high flexural resistance, low specific weight, and low water absorption.

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