ECO-INTENSITY ANALYSIS FOR A CHIP-FUELLED BOILER HOUSE / EKOLOGINIO INTESYVUMO NAMĄ ŠILDANT SKIEDROMIS ANALIZĖ

2012 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 249-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dagnija Blumberga ◽  
Edgars Vīgants ◽  
Ivars Veidenbergs ◽  
Ģirts Vīgants ◽  
Valdis Vītoliņš
Keyword(s):  
Flue Gas ◽  
Boiler House ◽  
Heat Supply System ◽  
Special Importance ◽  
Intensity Analysis ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Analytical Treatment ◽  
Additional Element ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Insight Into

The operational eco-intensity of a heat supply system is dependent upon the interaction of its elements and their common performance. It is of special importance to gain insight into possibilities to reduce chip fuel consumption in the case when an additional element – a gas condenser – is installed in a boiler house. The efficiency of a system's operation is estimated by its eco-intensity; such estimates concern the influence exerted by technological parameters on the reduction in natural resource consumption, allowing this problem to be thoroughly analysed by means of definite factors promoting the eco-intensity rise. Based on the results of commercial experiment, the authors have found the independent variables for the case of gas condenser without packing. The eco-intensity of a boiler house operation decreases as the outdoor temperature falls and therefore the boiler's load should be increased. This aspect could be due to several causes, among which the most important are: the deviations of the operating parameters of the gas condenser, the increase in the flue gas velocity, and temperature. Analytical treatment of the influence exerted by a boiler's specific load on the operational efficiency of its energy has shown that as this former grows, the efficiency decreases and therefore less heat energy could be derived from the gas condenser. This should be taken into account at simulation of the control over a gas condenser's operation. Santrauka Ekologinis intensyvumas priklauso nuo šilumos tiekimo sistemos elementų sąveikos ir jų bendro veikimo. Tai ypač svarbu tiriant galimybes sumažinti skiedrų kuro sąnaudas tuo atveju, kai šildomame name yra įdiegtas papildomas elementas – dujų kondensatorius. Sistemos veikimo efektyvumas įvertinamas pagal jos ekologinį intensyvumą; tokie vertinimai susiję su įtaka technologiniams parametrams mažinant gamtinių išteklių naudojimą. Remdamiesi tyrimo duomenimis, autoriai nustatė nepriklausomuosius dujų kondensatoriaus kintamuosius. Šildomo namo ekologinis intensyvumas susijęs su lauko temperatūra. Kai ji nukrinta, apkrova turėtų būti padidinama. Tai lemia kelios priežastys, iš jų svarbiausios: dujų kondensatoriaus darbinių parametrų nuokrypiai, išmetamųjų dujų greičio padidėjimas ir temperatūra. Atlikta analizė parodė, kad didinant katilo formą, sistemos efektyvumas mažėja, ir todėl mažiau šilumos energijos tiekiama iš dujų kondensatoriaus. Tai turėtų būti įtraukta į dujų kondensatoriaus veikimo kontrolės modeliavimo skaičiavimus.

scholarly journals Energy Efficiency of DH System with Wood Chips Boiler Houses and Flue Gas Condensing Unit

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 91-94
Author(s):  
Ăirts Vīgants ◽  
Gundars Galindoms ◽  
Ivars Veidenbergs ◽  
Dagnija Blumberga
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Correlation Analysis ◽  
Flue Gas ◽  
Heat Supply ◽  
Boiler House ◽  
Heat Supply System ◽  
Correlation Equation ◽  
Supply System ◽  
Wood Chips ◽  
Heating Networks

This study proposes a method for the evaluation of the efficiency of a heat supply system based on a correlation analysis of the data of the system's operations. The data from the system's operations have been analysed and a correlation equation has been applied to obtain the results of the analysis, which are then used for further calculations. The data can be divided into two groups: data characterising the condenser operations in the boiler house, and data characterising heating networks.

Study on the Gas Distribution Characters of the Outsize CO2 Absorber of the Flue Gas in the Coal-Fired Power Plant

2014 ◽  
Vol 962-965 ◽  
pp. 1476-1479
Author(s):  
Bing Cheng Liu ◽  
Wen Feng Dong ◽  
De Biao Zhou ◽  
Qian Liang ◽  
Qing Ling Li
Keyword(s):  
Flow Field ◽  
Flue Gas ◽  
Annular Flow ◽  
Theoretical Foundation ◽  
Co2 Absorption ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Absorption Column ◽  
Gas Distributor ◽  
Column Wall ◽  
Fluent Software

In the article the flow field in the twin-tangential annular flow gas distributor was simulated based on the standard k-ε turbulent model with FLUENT software according to various distance L between sleeve and column wall and differing numbers of baffles, after comprehensively analyzing, got the best technological parameters with misdistribution factor and pressure drop. Based on the analysis of the flow field discipline of the twin-tangential annular flow gas distributor and the two-line vane gas distributor, and the systematic comparison of the performance of these two kinds of gas distributors in the flue gas CO2 absorption column, the research will provide the important theoretical foundation for the choosing and designing of the distributor of the flue gas CO2 absorber.

Experiences With On-Line Explosive De-Slagging at Covanta WTE Facilities

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeff Vorfeld
Keyword(s):  
Flue Gas ◽  
Boiler House ◽  
Video Camera ◽  
Fugitive Dust ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Wear And Tear ◽  
On Line ◽  
Explosive Charges ◽  
Camera Surveillance

An on-line cleaning technique perfected in Europe, which places low-yield explosive charges in close proximity to tube lane pluggage, and uses pre- and post-cleaning video camera surveillance to document results, has been tested at three WTE facilities in the western U.S. operated by Covanta. Testing indicates several tangible benefits relative to the more traditional off-line blasting, water washing (on-line and off-line), and stick blasting (on-line), including: • substantial elimination of cleaning related downtime between maintenance outages; • longer runtimes with less overall fouling and pluggage related ailments; • reduced off-line cleaning time at the beginning of major outages to the benefit of the outage schedule; • exemplary safety of the on-line cleaning process; • less wear and tear on pressure parts and boiler casings; and, • almost no fugitive dust problems in the boiler house that may occur with off-line blasting. The process starts with an initial video survey of fouling conditions. A water-cooled camera with purge air and temperature monitoring is inserted into the flue gas to record the fouling condition of the boiler. Following the survey, a cleaning plan is developed. Shots consist of low-yield detonating cord encased in thin gage aluminum alloy tubing. The charges are positioned in the gas lanes between tubes while being cooled with a water-air mixture and detonated. Following the cleaning effort, a final camera survey is done to verify the cleaning effectiveness, and to follow up with touch-up cleaning if necessary.

Object, Intensity and Subject Variables in Visual Evoked Response

1976 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 532-534 ◽  
Author(s):  
James C. Norton
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Research Strategy ◽  
Intensity Analysis ◽  
Considerable Variability ◽  
Variable Stimulus ◽  
Visual Evoked Response ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Object Effect ◽  
Within Subjects ◽  
Subject Variables

10 subjects were studied to determine AEP effects of square, circle, and blank stimuli with variable stimulus intensity For the group as a whole, object and intensity effects were significant on a number of amplitude and latency measures, but the object effect appears largely to reflect the presence or absence of a figure, rather than its nature. Increased intensity differentially affected latency, shortening the first negative deflection while lengthening the second positive. Amplitude is generally increased with higher intensity. Analysis of within-subjects effects showed considerable variability as to which parameters were significantly related to the independent variables in individual subjects. A repeated-measures, within-subjects research strategy is seen as appropriate on the basis of these data.

Separating Private and Business Identities

2011 ◽  
pp. 114-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gábor György Gulyás ◽  
Róbert Schulcz ◽  
Sándor Imre
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Public Information ◽  
Special Importance ◽  
Employee Privacy ◽  
The World ◽  
Privacy Enhancing Technologies ◽  
Workplace Surveillance ◽  
Insight Into

As various information technologies are penetrating everyday life, private and business matters inevitably mingle. Separating private and business past records, public information, actions or identities may, however, be crucial for an employee in certain situations. In this chapter we review the interrelated areas of employee privacy, and analyze in detail two areas of special importance from the viewpoint of the separation: web and social network privacy. In relation to these areas we discuss threats and solutions in parallel, and besides surveying the relevant literature, we also present current Privacy Enhancing Technologies applicable in each area. Additionally, we briefly review other means of workplace surveillance, providing some insight into the world of smartphones, where we expect the rise of new privacy-protecting technologies as these devices are getting capable of taking over the functions of personal computers.

scholarly journals Redox and essential metal status in the brain of Wistar rats acutely exposed to a cadmium and lead mixture

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 197-204
Author(s):  
Dragana Javorac ◽  
Aleksandra Buha Đorđević ◽  
Milena Anđelković ◽  
Simona Tatović ◽  
Katarina Baralić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Special Importance ◽  
Essential Metal ◽  
Cadmium And Lead ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Insight Into

AbstractMost Pb and Cd neurotoxicity studies investigate exposure to either of the toxic metals alone, while data on co-exposure are scarce. The aim of our study was to fill that gap by investigating acute combined effects of Pb and Cd on redox and essential metal status in the brain of Wistar rats. Animals were randomised in four groups of six to eight rats, which received 15 or 30 mg/kg of Cd, 150 mg/kg of Pb, or 150 mg/kg of Pb + 15 mg/kg of Cd by gavage. The fifth, control, group received distilled water only. Co-treatment with Pb and Cd induced significant increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) compared to control and groups receiving either metal alone. This is of special importance, as MDA presence in the brain has been implicated in many neurodegenerative disorders. The groups did not significantly differ in Zn, Cu, Mn, and Fe brain levels. Our findings highlight the importance of metal mixture studies. Neurotoxicity assessments of single chemicals do not provide a real insight into exposure to mixtures in real life. Further research should look into interactions between these metals to reveal complex molecular mechanisms of their neurotoxicity.

scholarly journals Random Parameter Negative Binomial Model of Signalized Intersections

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minho Park ◽  
Dongmin Lee ◽  
Jinwoo Jeon
Keyword(s):  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Random Parameter ◽  
Signalized Intersections ◽  
Negative Binomial Model ◽  
Marginal Effect ◽  
Binomial Model ◽  
Random Parameters ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Insight Into

Factors affecting accident frequencies at 72 signalized intersections in the Gyeonggi-Do (province) over a four-year period (2007~2010) were explored using the random parameters negative binomial model. The empirical results from the comparison with fixed parameters binomial model show that the random parameters model outperforms its fixed parameters counterpart and provides a fuller understanding of the factors which determine accident frequencies at signalized intersections. In addition, elasticity and marginal effect were estimated to gain more insight into the effects of one-percent and one-unit changes in the dependent variable from changes in the independent variables.

scholarly journals The comparative evaluation of the preparedness and development of graduates

2009 ◽  
pp. 127-133
Author(s):  
Eszter Bakos-Tóth
Keyword(s):  
Small Proportion ◽  
Comparative Evaluation ◽  
Interpersonal Skills ◽  
Special Importance ◽  
Individual Motivation ◽  
Insight Into

The skill of dealing with people was given a special importance by the persons interviewed during my examination by means of questionnaires although most of the specialist works Iconsulted did not pay too much attention to this fact. When asked about the particular fields of further studies, only a small proportion of the respondents regarded the development of theirpersonality important. I think to dissolve this paradox is necessary as without the development of personality it is impossible to improve interpersonal skills, that is one of the basic pillars of good performance at work. Regarding that it is the graduates who fill managerial posts, dealing with people belongs to one of their tasks.Among the respondents if the first degree were from a college and not from a university, the greatest proportion of those studying further would live in Heves and Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén counties. However, this connection cannot be proved in Budapest. Individual motivation is the main drive of studying further after obtaining a degree in a greater and greater proportion.The graduates’ studying further is significantly directed to acquiring extra knowledge rather than a totally new profession and they get a deeper insight into the knowledge necessary fortheir profession driven by their own motivation.

scholarly journals ONE OF THE APPROACHES TO SOLVE THE PROBLEM OF THE COST OF A PHASE TRANSITION HEAT ACCUMULATOR FOR A SOLAR HEAT SUPPLY SYSTEM

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Umerenkova Elina Vladimirovna
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transition ◽  
Heat Supply System ◽  
Supply System ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Heat Accumulator ◽  
Pricing Policy ◽  
Russian Market ◽  
Heat Storage Material ◽  
The Cost

Based on the analysis of the Russian market of basic materials for phase-shifting heat accumulators (FPAT), including the issue of pricing policy, an attempt was made to reveal the dependence of the cost of a heat accumulator for a solar thermal supply system on operating and design parameters. In turn, to determine the latter, the method was used, which makes it possible to design FPAT with given design and technological parameters, at a given minimum temperature of the coolant at the outlet of the accumulator, the known thermophysical characteristics of the coolant and heat storage material (TAM), including the phase transition temperature

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