scholarly journals MODERN DESIGNS: HISTORY AND MEMORY IN LE CORBUSIER’S CHANDIGARH

2016 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 220-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nabaparna Ghosh
Keyword(s):  
Le Corbusier ◽  
Careful Study ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Architectural Discourse ◽  
Urban Modernity ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
History And Memory ◽  
Architectural Modernism ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Jawaharlal Nehru

Located at the foothills of the Sivalik Mountains, Chandigarh was the dream city of independent India’s first Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru. In 1952, Nehru commissioned the Swiss-French architect Le Corbusier to design Chandigarh. Scholars often locate in Corbusier’s plans an urban modernity that required a break with the past. Moving away from such scholarship, this article will argue that Chandigarh marked a climactic moment in Le Corbusier’s career when he tried to weave together modern architecture with tradition, and through it, human beings with nature. A careful study of the cosmic iconography of Chandigarh clearly reveals that nature for Le Corbusier was more than a vast expanse of greenery: it was organized in symbolic ways, as a cosmic form emblematic of Hindu mythologies. I will argue that in addition to local conditions – economic and cultural – that impacted the actual execution of Le Corbusier’s plans, cosmic iconography shaped a modernism profoundly reliant on Hindu traditions. This iconography also inspired a new generation of Indian architects like Balkrishna Vithaldas Doshi (1927 – present). Doshi played a key role in authoring the postcolonial architectural discourse in India. Following Le Corbusier, he advocated an architectural modernism anchored in sacred Hindu traditions.

The Agricultural Pests of the Southern Provinces, Nigeria

1914 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 197-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. A. Lamborn
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pests ◽  
Limited Area ◽  
Careful Study ◽  
Agricultural Pests ◽  
General Survey ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Western Province

The following notes embody the results of observations made during a year of service (May 1913 to May 1914) as the Entomologist in the Agricultural Department of the Southern Provinces, Nigeria. They do not, however, pretend to cover more than a very limited area of the Western Province, for on account of the desirability of beginning the work by making myself acquainted with local conditions by a careful study of the insect problems at the head-quarters of the Department, at Moor Plantation, Ibadan, I suggested that the first few months of my tour should be spent there, hoping afterwards to be afforded an opportunity, which unfortunately was not forthcoming, of making a more general survey of the insect pests of the country. I have confined my remarks to insects which are to be looked on as real pests, and have made no reference to the bionomics of other insects which I have observed to be associated with the indigenous flora. I have classified the pests according to the plant attacked, and have added to my account of each notes as to the measures found useful in dealing with them.

THEN AS NOW, WHY NIEBUHR?

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 761-771
Author(s):  
K. HEALAN GASTON
Keyword(s):  
Human Beings ◽  
Close Attention ◽  
Reinhold Niebuhr ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Central Claim

The literature on the life and legacy of the American Protestant thinker Reinhold Niebuhr has long been driven by questions about Niebuhr's continued relevance. Like other contributions to the recent “Niebuhr revival,” each of the three books under consideration here raises this question—John Patrick Diggins's Why Niebuhr Now? (2011) by offering a series of “sympathetic reflections” on Niebuhr's central claim that human beings are both creatures and creators of history (ix); Daniel F. Rice's edited volume Reinhold Niebuhr Revisited (2009) by inviting a cadre of top Niebuhr scholars to make the case for Niebuhr's relevance to a new generation; and Rice's own Reinhold Niebuhr and His Circle of Influence (2013) by contending that close attention to Niebuhr's formative relationships sheds light on his ongoing relevance.

Self-Directed Education—Unschooling and Democratic Schooling

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Gray
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Transmission ◽  
History Education ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Human History ◽  
Democratic Schools ◽  
Democratic Schooling ◽  
The World ◽  
Follow Up Studies ◽  
New Generation

Education, broadly defined, is cultural transmission. It is the process or set of processes by which each new generation of human beings acquires and builds upon the skills, knowledge, beliefs, values, and lore of the culture into which they are born. Through all but the most recent speck of human history, education was always the responsibility of those being educated. Children come into the world biologically prepared to educate themselves through observing the culture around them and incorporating what they see into their play. Research in hunter-gatherer cultures shows that children in those cultures became educated through their own self-directed exploration and play. In modern cultures, self-directed education is pursued by children in families that adopt the homeschooling approach commonly called “unschooling” and by children enrolled in democratic schools, where they are in charge of their own education. Follow-up studies of “graduates” of unschooling and democratic schooling reveal that this approach to education can be highly effective, in today’s word, if children are provided with an adequate environment for self-education—an environment in which they can interact freely with others across a broad range of ages, can experience first-hand what is most valued in the culture, and can play with, and thereby experiment with, the primary tools of the culture.

The Technology of Remote Sensing and its Application to Terrestrial Ecosystem Restoration

2013 ◽  
Vol 748 ◽  
pp. 1176-1179
Author(s):  
Si Zhang ◽  
Chun Mei Xiong
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystem ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Timing Accuracy ◽  
Remote Sensing Technology ◽  
Sensing Technology

Terrestrial ecosystems as the most important type of ecological system provide humanity with a main part of the living environment, food and clothing. However, many of ecological environmental have been severely damaged by human beings irrational activities, such as mining, deforestation, excavation herbs, etc. Faced with ecological and environmental protection pressure, its urgent to carry out ecological restoration projects according to the local conditions. Remote sensing technology is widely used in terrestrial ecosystems restoration because of its objectivity, real-timing, accuracy, covering a wide area and other unique advantages. This article discusses the restoration of terrestrial ecosystems based on remote sensing technology. At last, it analyses development trends of this research area.

scholarly journals MODERN CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGIES AS A TOOLKIT OF THE TRANSITION FROM TRADITION TO MODERNISM IN CHURCH ARCHITECTURE

2021 ◽  
pp. 39-49
Author(s):  
S. V. PASTUKHOVA ◽  
K. N. MISHUK
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Structural Design ◽  
Construction Projects ◽  
Church Architecture ◽  
Building Technology ◽  
The World ◽  
New Thinking ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Architectural Modernism ◽  
New Generation

Purpose. Consideration and analysis of twentieth-century church architecture in which the modernist style and their modern building technology was applied, using nine churches from different countries as examples. Methodology. The use of critical analysis of scientific and methodological literature of architectural modernism of churches, virtual analysis of architectural and construction projects of modernism and their use in the construction of churches, the method of systemic, structural and activity approach. Findings. The scientific formation of the concept of architectural and church modernism has been performed. The main components of architectural and church modernism and the use of the latest architectural and construction technologies are revealed. Reasonable reasons for the slow use of Architectural Church Modernism in modern times. Examples of twentieth-century architectural church modernism are provided. Originality. An analysis of the use of twentieth-century architectural-church modernism in the world is offered. An analysis of the use of architectural and church modernism in the architectural and structural design of churches has been conducted. Practical value. The rationale for the use of architectural and church modernism in the architectural and structural design of churches has been carried out. The components of church modernism are disclosed. The result is the creation of conditions for the harmonious interaction of customers-churchmen and executors-architects in the use of modernism. There were many arguments about what the temple and temple complex should be – modern or a copy of the canonical model – it all depends on the views of the customer and the architect, their views on religion and its purpose in modern life. The dispute can be long, but creativity is unstoppable, and in the world of temple construction has always kept up with current trends in architecture and construction, using new materials, designs and technology. Understandably, there are concerns that innovations in architecture may be followed by undesirable changes in the whole church tradition, but there is no stopping the new thinking. The new generation must step forward to embrace new trends, architectural modernism of churches, also search for new trends and embody them.

scholarly journals Le Corbusier and São Paulo – 1929: Architecture and Landscape

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guilherme Moreno Pianca
Keyword(s):  
Le Corbusier ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Western History ◽  
History And Memory ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
America Latina ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City

Abstract: This article looks into Le Corbusier’s urban proposal for the City of São Paulo, as formulated during his journey to South America in 1929. It highlights the relationship between Architecture and Landscape exposed by Le Corbusier’s plan. This paper sets out to investigate the analysis that the innovative Swiss architect performed of the geography and morphology of São Paulo. It contrasts to the works and plans carried out by technicians and engineers at that time. In order to explain how Le Corbusier’s treatment of nature and landscape differs from them, we study the extent to which Le Corbusier’s plans show design approaches, which were unusual in terms of Western History and Memory. He also looks into the relationship between Le Corbusier’s work, on the one hand, and new technological elements and changes in the visual culture at that time, on the other hand, thus seeking to highlight certain obscure spots within Le Corbusier’s work. This study aims at bringing forward some speculations and methods present in the work of Le Corbusier on cities. It deals with contradictory aspects in Le Corbusier’s work in order to deepen our understanding of contemporary urban problems. Resumen: Este artículo investiga la hipótesis de proyecto de Le Corbusier para la ciudad de San Pablo, propuesta durante su viaje a América Latina en 1929, focalizando en las relaciones entre arquitectura y paisaje. La primera cuestión analizada en este trabajo es el innovador análisis de la geografía y la morfología de San Pablo propuesto por el arquitecto suizo, que contrasta con la manera con que los técnicos e ingenieros locales desarrollaban sus propuestas en ese momento. Para explicar dicha diferencia en la manera de lidiar con la naturaleza y el paisaje, el autor de este articulo estudia como el trabajo de Le Corbusier presenta abordajes de proyecto inusuales para la Historia y la Memoria, y su relación con los nuevos elementos tecnológicos y de la cultura visual de la época, procurando así resaltar ciertos puntos oscuros en el trabajo del arquitecto. Esta discusión intenta cuestionar ciertas especulaciones proyectuales y metodologías de trabajo presentes en el trabajo de Le Corbusier sobre ciudades, utilizando sus aspectos contradictorios como modo de profundizar nuestro entendimiento de los problemas urbanos contemporáneos.  Keywords: Modern Architecture; Modern Urbanism; Landscape Architecture; Le Corbusier; São Paulo. Palabras clave: Arquitectura Moderna; Urbanismo Moderno; Arquitectura Del Paisaje; Le Corbusier; São Paulo. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/LC2015.2015.937

An Archival Impulse: The Return of 1970s Leftwing Terrorism in Contemporary German Art

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svea Bräunert
Keyword(s):  
Art History ◽  
Media Theory ◽  
Left Wing ◽  
History And Memory ◽  
The Arts ◽  
Interdisciplinary Character ◽  
German Art ◽  
The Sixties ◽  
Art And Culture ◽  
New Generation

As the controversial Kunstwerke exhibition “Imagining Terror” (“Zur Vorstellung des Terrors”, 2005) has shown, an intimate bond exists between left-wing terrorism and the arts. From the 1970s onward, the arts have steadily been preoccupied with West German terrorism, turning it into one of the most prominent yet also most contested topics in German art today. Part of its attraction lies in its interdisciplinary character, connecting terrorism to various fields such as media theory, art history, and memory studies. As such, leftwing terrorism has come to constitute its own kind of archive, and probing into it can uncover traces beyond its immediate topicality. Drawing primarily on two recent essays – Hal Foster’s “An Archival Impulse” (October 2004) and James Meyer’s “The Return of the Sixties in Contemporary Art and Criticism” (Antinomies of Art and Culture, 2008) –, the following article will take a look at contemporary German art’s renewed fascination with leftwing terrorism, asking what might be at stake when a new generation of artists simultaneously draws on and expands upon this archive. Some of the trends one can observe in this process are a reformatting of history, a shift in focus to themes previously tossed aside and forgotten, and a retelling of stories as counterfactual. They speak to an interest in the 1970s that is not only topical but also aesthetic in nature. Artworks exemplifying this kind of archival impulse include Thomas Demand’s “Attempt” (2005), and Andree Korpys/ Markus Löffler’s “Conspirative Housing Project Spindy” (1997-2001).

scholarly journals THE EXPERIMENTAL TRANSMISSION OF COLORADO TICK FEVER

1944 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 165-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lloyd Florio ◽  
Mabel O. Stewart ◽  
Edward R. Mugrage
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
White Blood Cell ◽  
Spotted Fever ◽  
Rocky Mountain ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever ◽  
Cytoplasmic Bodies ◽  
History Of ◽  
Tick Vaccine ◽  
New Generation

1. The symptoms, history of tick bite, characteristic fever curve, and white blood cell picture should enable the physician to make a diagnosis of Colorado tick fever in nearly every case. 2. The typical white blood cell picture is a depression of the total leucocytes with a shift to the left of the granulocytes. Basophilic cytoplasmic bodies appear occasionally in lymphocytes 3 to 4 days after clinical recovery. 3. The disease can be transmitted serially in human beings by parenteral injection of blood or serum. Such transfers have not resulted in decreased or increased virulence. 4. The naturally acquired and experimental cases of Colorado tick fever are identical in their manifestations. 5. An attack of Colorado tick fever confers a degree of definite immunity to the disease. 6. Colorado tick fever is not a mild form of Rocky Mountain spotted fever since individuals immunized with ground tick vaccine against Rocky Mountain spotted fever are still susceptible to Colorado tick fever. 7. Adult Dermacentor andersoni ticks allowed to feed on typical cases, then carried through to a new generation and fed on susceptible adults, failed to transmit the disease. 8. Colorado tick fever has been successfully transmitted to an experimental animal, the golden hamster.

IN THE ENVIRONMENT OF IDEAS: ARTHUR LOVEJOY AND THE HISTORY OF IDEAS AS A FORM OF CULTURAL HISTORY

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 439-464
Author(s):  
DANIEL WICKBERG
Keyword(s):  
Cultural History ◽  
Cultural Analysis ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Language And Culture ◽  
Academic Cultures ◽  
Dead End ◽  
Fertile Ground ◽  
History Of ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Disciplinary Cultures

The last fifteen years have seen a number of attempts to imagine what lies “beyond” the linguistic and cultural turns of recent decades in historiography. The impulse is derived, one suspects, from the need for academic cultures to declare current established practice “dead” in favor of some new departure. We have had thirty years of discourse study, cultural analysis of texts and meaning, attention to the constitutive power of language, and suspicion of reading texts as unmediated referential documents. It seems inevitable that voices would arise declaring the attention to culture and language exhausted, asking us to turn away from language and culture and plant our feet on some firmer ground. Academic disciplinary cultures, try as they might to abandon modernist commitments to a belief in progress in which today's know-how trumps yesterday's ignorance, can't seem to transcend their nineteenth-century origins. We know, or think we do, that the humanities are not the bearers of progress in knowledge, that we are no wiser than our forebears, that the holy grail remains as far out of reach as it ever was. And yet we act as if we can expose the shortcomings of our intellectual ancestors and in doing so inaugurate a new and better understanding of the realm in which human beings act and create meaning. Hence a new generation, having decided that it has either absorbed the lessons of the cultural and linguistic turns or realized what a constraining dead end such a turn represents, advocates a departure for more fertile ground.

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