scholarly journals ROLE OF PLANT SECONDARY METABOLITES IN COMBATING PEST INDUCED STRESS IN BRINJAL (SOLANUM MELONGENA L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 449-453
Author(s):  
Pratik Talukder ◽  
Debankita Dutta ◽  
Elija Ghosh ◽  
Indrani Bose ◽  
Sourish Bhattacharjee
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Plant Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Solanum Melongena ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Plant Metabolites ◽  
Complex Interactions ◽  
Fruit Borer ◽  
Solanaceae Family

Brinjal or eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) is known as a vegetable of diet because it contains high moisture and low calorific value. It is also a good source of antioxidants and phytonutrients. Brinjal is widely grown in the South and South-East Asian countries and is the second most important vegetable in India. It belongs to the Solanaceae family. Shoot and fruit borer (Leucinodes orbonalis) pest of brinjal is the most widespread one and it has the ability to affect any of the developmental stages of brinjal. Plants and their insect herbivores have had a long and intimate evolutionary association that has resulted in many complex interactions mediated by specialized plant metabolites like phenolics, alkaloids, terpenoids, cyanogenic glycosides etc. Frequent and excessive use of insecticides has become a common practice now which only increases the probability of resistance development and resurgence of pest. Hence to develop an effective approach to combat this pest understanding of its feeding mechanism and chemistry of its interaction with the fruit is necessary. The importance of the secondary metabolites in the field of chemical biology and in pest management is discussed in this study.

scholarly journals Target screening of plant secondary metabolites in river waters by liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC–HRMS)

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mulatu Yohannes Nanusha ◽  
Martin Krauss ◽  
Carina D. Schönsee ◽  
Barbara F. Günthardt ◽  
Thomas D. Bucheli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
High Resolution Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Water Cycle ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals ◽  
Plant Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Plant Metabolites ◽  
River Waters ◽  
Target Screening

Abstract Background Substantial efforts have been made to monitor potentially hazardous anthropogenic contaminants in surface waters while for plant secondary metabolites (PSMs) almost no data on occurrence in the water cycle are available. These metabolites enter river waters through various pathways such as leaching, surface run-off and rain sewers or input of litter from vegetation and might add to the biological activity of the chemical mixture. To reduce this data gap, we conducted a LC–HRMS target screening in river waters from two different catchments for 150 plant metabolites which were selected from a larger database considering their expected abundance in the vegetation, their potential mobility, persistence and toxicity in the water cycle and commercial availability of standards. Results The screening revealed the presence of 12 out of 150 possibly toxic PSMs including coumarins (bergapten, scopoletin, fraxidin, esculetin and psoralen), a flavonoid (formononetin) and alkaloids (lycorine and narciclasine). The compounds narciclasine and lycorine were detected at concentrations up to 3 µg/L while esculetin and fraxidin occurred at concentrations above 1 µg/L. Nine compounds occurred at concentrations above 0.1 µg/L, the Threshold for Toxicological Concern (TTC) for non-genotoxic and non-endocrine disrupting chemicals in drinking water. Conclusions Our study provides an overview of potentially biologically active PSMs in surface waters and recommends their consideration in monitoring and risk assessment of water resources. This is currently hampered by a lack of effect data including toxicity to aquatic organisms, endocrine disruption and genotoxicity and demands for involvement of these compounds in biotesting.

Role of Stress and Defense in Plant Secondary Metabolites Production

2020 ◽  
pp. 151-195
Author(s):  
Humberto Aguirre-Becerra ◽  
Ma Cristina Vazquez-Hernandez ◽  
Diana Saenz de la O ◽  
Aurora Alvarado-Mariana ◽  
Ramon G. Guevara-Gonzalez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Plant Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Metabolites Production

Phytoremediation of Electronic Waste: A Mechanistic Overview and Role of Plant Secondary Metabolites

2019 ◽  
pp. 233-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mubarak Ali Khan ◽  
Nazif Ullah ◽  
Tariq Khan ◽  
Muhsin Jamal ◽  
Naseer Ali Shah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Electronic Waste ◽  
Plant Secondary Metabolites

scholarly journals Title Page Title: The role of DNA methylation in the accumulation of iridoid glycosides in Rehmannia glutinosa

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tianyu Dong ◽  
Xiaoyan Wei ◽  
Qianting Qi ◽  
Peilei Chen ◽  
Yanqing Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Iridoid Glycosides ◽  
Methylation Status ◽  
Plant Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Dna Demethylation ◽  
Terpene Biosynthesis ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background: Epigenetic regulation plays a significant role in the accumulation of plant secondary metabolites. The terpenoids are the most abundant in the secondary metabolites of plants, iridoid glycosides belong to monoterpenoids which is one of the main medicinal components of R.glutinosa. At present, study on iridoid glycosides mainly focuses on its pharmacology, accumulation and distribution, while the mechanism of its biosynthesis and the relationship between DNA methylation and plant terpene biosynthesis are seldom reports. Results: The research showed that the expression of DXS, DXR, 10HGO, G10H, GPPS and accumulation of iridoid glycosides increased at first and then decreased with the maturity of R.glutinosa, and under different concentrations of 5-azaC, the expression of DXS, DXR, 10HGO, G10H, GPPS and the accumulation of total iridoid glycosides were promoted, the promotion effect of low concentration (15μM-50μM) was more significant, the content of genomic DNA 5mC decreased significantly, the DNA methylation status of R.glutinosa genomes was also changed. DNA demethylation promoted gene expression and increased the accumulation of iridoid glycosides, but excessive demethylation inhibited gene expression and decreased the accumulation of iridoid glycosides. Conclusion: The analysis of DNA methylation, gene expression, and accumulation of iridoid glycoside provides insights into accumulation of terpenoids in R.glutinosa and lays a foundation for future studies on the effects of epigenetics on the synthesis of secondary metabolites.

scholarly journals Biological activity of 7beta-acetoxywithanolide D isolated from Acnistus arborescens

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 2835
Author(s):  
Joze Aparecida Marciano Corrêa ◽  
Diana Fortkamp ◽  
Camila Furtunato da Silva ◽  
Flávio Rocha ◽  
Luiz Humberto Gomes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Phytophthora Cinnamomi ◽  
Plant Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Development Of Resistance ◽  
Pathogen Control ◽  
Solanaceae Family ◽  
Promising Source

Many oomycete species are plant pathogens and are responsible for causing significant losses in agriculture. Currently, plant pathogen control is carried out by chemical, biological and physical methods. However, due to the development of resistance to these methods by some pathogens, it is imperative that alternative methods are developed. Brazilian biodiversity is well-known for its species richness and is considered a promising source of natural products. Among the vascular plants, the family Solanaceae A. Juss. (Solanaceae) is considered one of the largest, with distributions across all tropical and temperate regions of the world. The Solanaceae family presents a high diversity of species of economic importance as sources of food, medicinal and ornamental properties. Plants of this family are sources of secondary metabolites of various chemical classes that possess potential diverse applications. Therefore, chemical and biological investigations of these compounds are extremely important as they present alternatives for their potential use in the control of plant pathogens. Here, we report for the first time, the biological activity of 7beta-acetoxywithanolide D, a compound isolated from Acnistus arborescens, against the oomycete Phytophthora cinnamomi. With these results, we emphasize the importance of such studies on plant secondary metabolites, which may present coadjuvant options in the control of plant pathogens.

scholarly journals The Health Promoting Bioactivities of Lactuca sativa can be Enhanced by Genetic Modulation of Plant Secondary Metabolites

Metabolites ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hammad Ismail ◽  
Anna L. Gillespie ◽  
Danielle Calderwood ◽  
Haroon Iqbal ◽  
Colene Gallagher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Lactuca Sativa ◽  
Genetic Manipulation ◽  
Sesquiterpene Lactones ◽  
Plant Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Rol Genes ◽  
In Vitro Bioactivity ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Plant Metabolites

Plant secondary metabolites are protective dietary constituents and rol genes evidently increase the synthesis of these versatile phytochemicals. This study subjected a globally important vegetable, lettuce (Lactuca sativa) to a combination of untargeted metabolomics (LC-QTof-MS) and in vitro bioactivity assays. Specifically, we examined the differences between untransformed cultured lettuce (UnT), lettuce transformed with either rolABC (RA) or rolC (RC) and commercially grown (COM) lettuce. Of the 5333 metabolite features aligned, deconvoluted and quantified 3637, 1792 and 3737 significantly differed in RA, RC and COM, respectively, compared with UnT. In all cases the number of downregulated metabolites exceeded the number increased. In vitro bioactivity assays showed that RA and RC (but not COM) significantly improved the ability of L. sativa to inhibit α-glucosidase, inhibit dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) and stimulate GLP-1 secretion. We putatively identified 76 lettuce metabolites (sesquiterpene lactones, non-phenolic and phenolic compounds) some of which were altered by several thousand percent in RA and RC. Ferulic acid levels increased 3033–9777%, aminooxononanoic acid increased 1141–1803% and 2,3,5,4′tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-d-glucoside increased 40,272–48,008%. Compound activities were confirmed using commercially obtained standards. In conclusion, rol gene transformation significantly alters the metabolome of L.sativa and enhances its antidiabetic properties. There is considerable potential to exploit rol genes to modulate secondary metabolite production for the development of novel functional foods. This investigation serves as a new paradigm whereby genetic manipulation, metabolomic analysis and bioactivity techniques can be combined to enable the discovery of novel natural bioactives and determine the functional significance of plant metabolites.

scholarly journals Plant secondary metabolites: antiparasitic effects and their role in ruminant production systems

2004 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 631-639 ◽  
Author(s):  
Spiridoula Athanasiadou ◽  
Ilias Kyriazakis
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Plant Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Antiparasitic Activity ◽  
Excessive Consumption ◽  
Therapeutic Properties ◽  
Nutritional Effects

The purported antiparasitic properties of plant secondary metabolites (PSM) have been the cause of controversy amongst the scientific community. Despite long-standing knowledge of the prophylactic and therapeutic properties of PSM-rich extracts, which comes mainly from ethnoveterinary sources, the scientific evidence of the antiparasitic effects of PSM is inconsistent. In the first part of the present paper the causes of this controversy are addressed, and the evidence available on the antiparasitic effects of PSM is critically examined. The focus is on examples of the antiparasitic activity of PSM against helminth nematodes. The conclusion is that PSM can have antiparasitic properties, which depend on their structure, level of ingestion and availability within the gastrointestinal tract of the animal. The second part is an appraisal of the potential role of PSM for parasite control in ruminant production systems. Despite their antiparasitic properties, PSM consumption does not necessarily have positive consequences in parasitised herbivores, as excessive consumption of PSM can adversely affect herbivore fitness and survival, through their anti-nutritional properties. For this reason it is suggested that the antiparasitic properties of PSM should be assessed at the same time as their anti-nutritional effects. The same measure, e.g. the performance of parasitised hosts, should be used when assessing these properties. The assessment of the costs and benefits suggests that parasitised herbivores can benefit from the long-term consumption of PSM only if the antiparasitic benefits outweigh the anti-nutritional costs of PSM. In addition, it is proposed that parasitised animals might be able to benefit from PSM consumption even if their performance is impaired, as long as the latter is a short-term compromise that leads to long-term benefits.

scholarly journals Differential Effects of Rare Specific Flavonoids on Compatible and Incompatible Strains in the Myrica gale-Frankia Actinorhizal Symbiosis

2010 ◽  
Vol 76 (8) ◽  
pp. 2451-2460 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Popovici ◽  
Gilles Comte ◽  
�milie Bagnarol ◽  
Nicole Alloisio ◽  
Pascale Fournier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Plant Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Biotic Interactions ◽  
Spectroscopic Techniques ◽  
Plant Phenolics ◽  
Actinorhizal Symbiosis ◽  
Myrica Gale ◽  
Legume Symbiosis ◽  
Symbiotic Specificity

ABSTRACT Plant secondary metabolites, and specifically phenolics, play important roles when plants interact with their environment and can act as weapons or positive signals during biotic interactions. One such interaction, the establishment of mutualistic nitrogen-fixing symbioses, typically involves phenolic-based recognition mechanisms between host plants and bacterial symbionts during the early stages of interaction. While these mechanisms are well studied in the rhizobia-legume symbiosis, little is known about the role of plant phenolics in the symbiosis between actinorhizal plants and Frankia genus strains. In this study, the responsiveness of Frankia strains to plant phenolics was correlated with their symbiotic compatibility. We used Myrica gale, a host species with narrow symbiont specificity, and a set of compatible and noncompatible Frankia strains. M. gale fruit exudate phenolics were extracted, and 8 dominant molecules were purified and identified as flavonoids by high-resolution spectroscopic techniques. Total fruit exudates, along with two purified dihydrochalcone molecules, induced modifications of bacterial growth and nitrogen fixation according to the symbiotic specificity of strains, enhancing compatible strains and inhibiting incompatible ones. Candidate genes involved in these effects were identified by a global transcriptomic approach using ACN14a strain whole-genome microarrays. Fruit exudates induced differential expression of 22 genes involved mostly in oxidative stress response and drug resistance, along with the overexpression of a whiB transcriptional regulator. This work provides evidence for the involvement of plant secondary metabolites in determining symbiotic specificity and expands our understanding of the mechanisms, leading to the establishment of actinorhizal symbioses.

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