scholarly journals Methicillin and vancomycin resistance in coagulase-negative Staphylococci isolated from the nostrils of hospitalized patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (01) ◽  
pp. 28-35
Author(s):  
Mohammad Al-Tamimi ◽  
Jumana Abu-Raideh ◽  
Nisreen Himsawi ◽  
Ashraf Khasawneh ◽  
Hasan Hawamdeh
Keyword(s):  
Meca Gene ◽  
Vancomycin Resistance ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
Nasal Colonization ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Nasal Swabs ◽  
Vitek 2 ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant ◽  
Antibiotics Susceptibility ◽  
Microbiological Procedures

Introduction: Nasal colonization by coagulase-negative Staphylococci (CoNS) play an important role in nosocomial infections. This study aims to determine antibiotics susceptibility pattern and molecular screening of methicillin- and vancomycin-resistant nasal CoNS among hospitalized patients. Methodology: Nasal swabs were collected from 202 inpatients at Prince Hamzah Hospital, Jordan. Swabs were processed according to standard microbiological procedures to isolate Staphylococci. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed using disk diffusion, E-test, microdilution, and Vitek 2. Molecular analysis was performed using PCR for the detection of mecA, vanA, and vanB genes. Results: Nasal Staphylococci was isolated in 64/202 (31.7%) samples. Thirty isolates (14.8%) were CoNS, including S. haemolyticus (n = 17, 8.4%), S. sciuri (n = 6, 3%), S. epidermidis (n = 2, 1%), S. warneri (n = 2, 1%), S. hominis (n = 2, 1%), and S. lentus (n = 1, 0.5%). Twenty-two (10.9%) isolates were MR-CoNS harboring mecA gene. CoNS and MR-CoNS isolates were highly resistant to benzylpenicillin, erythromycin, fosfomycin, and imipenem. All isolates were sensitive to vancomycin by E-test and microdilution test and were negative for vanA and vanB genes. Nasal CoNS colonization was associated with an increased number of family members living with the participant (P = 0.04) and with admission to the orthopedic department (P = 0.03), while MR-CoNS colonization was associated with smoking (P = 0.03). Conclusions: Nasal colonization by unusual CoNS species and mecA-positive MR-CoNS are common among hospitalized patients. Absence of vanA and vanB genes suggests little contribution of nasal CoNS to vancomycin resistance transmission.

Phenotypic and molecular screening of nasal S. aureus from adult hospitalized patients for methicillin- and vancomycin-resistance

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Al-Tamimi ◽  
Nisreen Himsawi ◽  
Jumana Abu-Raideh ◽  
Ashraf I Khasawneh ◽  
Deaa Abu jazar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methicillin Resistance ◽  
Meca Gene ◽  
Resistance Rate ◽  
Vancomycin Resistance ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
Nasal Swabs ◽  
History Of ◽  
Previous Hospitalization ◽  
Mrsa Colonization ◽  
Microbiological Procedures

Introduction: Nasal carriers of Staphylococcus aureus are common and play an important role in transmission of infections. The aim of this study is phenotypic and molecular investigation of nasal methicillin- and vancomycin-resistant S. aureus in hospitalized patients. Methodology: 202 nasal swabs were collected from patients at Prince Hamzah Hospital, Jordan, through 2016-2017. Swabs were processed according to standard microbiological procedures to isolate Staphylococci. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed using disk diffusion, E-test, microdilution and Vitek 2. Methicillin resistance was confirmed by testing for the mecA gene, while vancomycin resistance was screened by testing for the vanA and vanB genes. Results: The mean age of participants was 50.17±18.18 years and 59.4% were females. Nasal Staphylococci was isolated in 64/202 (31.7%), S. aureus was isolated from 33 samples (16.3%), MRSA was isolated from 13 samples (6.4%) and constitutive Macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B (MLSB) was isolated from 12 samples (5.9%). All MRSA isolates harbored the mecA gene. All isolates were sensitive to vancomycin using E-test and the microdilution test and were negative for the vanA and vanB genes. The highest resistance rate was observed for benzylpenicillin (>90%) while the lowest resistance rate was for tobramycin (<5%) among all isolates. Nasal Staphylococci, S. aureus and MRSA colonization significantly correlate with increased number of family members and previous hospitalization (P<0.05), while nasal S. aureus significantly correlates with a history of skin infection (P=0.003). Conclusions: Nasal colonization by mecA-mediated MRSA is common among hospitalized patients, while vanA- and vanB-mediated vancomycin resistance was not detected in any nasal isolates.

scholarly journals Occurrence of Methicillin-Resistant Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci (MRCoNS) and Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) from Pigs and Farm Environment in Northwestern Italy

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 676
Author(s):  
Miryam Bonvegna ◽  
Elena Grego ◽  
Bruno Sona ◽  
Maria Cristina Stella ◽  
Patrizia Nebbia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Environmental Samples ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Meca Gene ◽  
Nucleotide Sequencing ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Nasal Swabs

Swine farming as a source of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has been well documented. Methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci (MRCoNS) have been less studied, but their importance as pathogens is increasing. MRCoNS are indeed considered relevant nosocomial pathogens; identifying putative sources of MRCoNS is thus gaining importance to prevent human health hazards. In the present study, we investigated MRSA and MRCoNS in animals and environment in five pigsties in a high farm-density area of northwestern Italy. Farms were three intensive, one intensive with antibiotic-free finishing, and one organic. We tested nasal swabs from 195 animals and 26 environmental samples from three production phases: post-weaning, finishing and female breeders. Phenotypic tests, including MALDI-TOF MS, were used for the identification of Staphylococcus species; PCR and nucleotide sequencing confirmed resistance and bacterial species. MRCoNS were recovered in 64.5% of nasal swabs, in all farms and animal categories, while MRSA was detected only in one post-weaning sample in one farm. The lowest prevalence of MRCoNS was detected in pigs from the organic farm and in the finishing of the antibiotic-free farm. MRCoNS were mainly Staphylococcus sciuri, but we also recovered S. pasteuri, S. haemolyticus, S. cohnii, S. equorum and S. xylosus. Fifteen environmental samples were positive for MRCoNS, which were mainly S. sciuri; no MRSA was found in the farms’ environment. The analyses of the mecA gene and the PBP2-a protein highlighted the same mecA fragment in strains of S. aureus, S. sciuri and S. haemolyticus. Our results show the emergence of MRCoNS carrying the mecA gene in swine farms. Moreover, they suggest that this gene might be horizontally transferred from MRCoNS to bacterial species more relevant for human health, such as S. aureus.

scholarly journals Vancomycin-resistant enterococci and coagulase-negative staphylococci prevalence among patients attending at Felege Hiwot Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. e0249823
Author(s):  
Degu Ashagrie ◽  
Chalachew Genet ◽  
Bayeh Abera
Keyword(s):  
Venous Blood ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Vancomycin Resistance ◽  
World Health ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
P Value ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant Enterococci ◽  
Specialized Hospital ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant

Background Vancomycin resistant enterococci (VRE) and vancomycin resistance coagulase negative staphylococci (VRCoNS) are common pathogens causing difficult to treat health care associated infections (HAI). Hence, the World Health Organization listed VRE as one of the high priority pathogens for new antibiotic discovery and antimicrobial resistance surveillance. Despite this, data on the prevalence of VRE and VRCoNS in Ethiopia is scarce. Thus, the present study determined prevalence of VRE and VRCoNS among patients attending Felege-Hiwot comprehensive specialized hospital, Ethiopia. Methods A hospital based cross-sectional study was conducted on 384 patients selected conveniently from February to March 2020. Data on demographic and clinical variables were collected using a structured questionnaire by face-to-face interview. Simultaneously urine, venous blood and wound swab were collected and processed following standard bacteriological technique. Antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed by minimum inhibitory concentration method using E-test for vancomycin and Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method for other classes of antibiotics. Data was entered and analyzed using SPSS version 23. Logistic regression was performed to identify factors associated with VRE infection. P. value < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results The prevalence of enterococci and CoNS were 6.8% and 12% respectively. The prevalence of VRE was 34.61% (9/26), while all CoNS (46 isolates) were susceptible to vancomycin. The majority (66.7%) of VRE was isolated from blood samples. Furthermore all VRE (100%), 58.8% of vancomycin susceptible enterococci and 45.7% of CoNS were multidrug resistant (MDR). Having educational level of secondary school and below (AOR = 12.80, CI = 1.149–142.5), previous exposure to catheterization (AOR = 56.0, CI = 4.331–724.0) and previous antibiotic use practice (AOR = 26.25, CI = 3.041–226.2) were a significant associated explanatory factor for VRE infection. Conclusions The prevalence of vancomycin resistance enterococci, which is also multidrug resistant, was significantly high. Though no vancomycin resistance CoNS detected, the MDR level of CoNS was high. Thus to limit enterococci and CoNS infections and MDR development, focused infection prevention measures should be implemented.

scholarly journals Vancomycin Resistance in Staphylococci

2002 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 430-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arjun Srinivasan ◽  
James D. Dick ◽  
Trish M. Perl
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Vancomycin Resistance ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Mechanisms Of Resistance ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Infection Mechanisms ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant

SUMMARY Vancomycin resistance has been reported in clinical isolates of both coagulase-negative staphylococci and Staphylococcus aureus. The emerging threat of widespread vancomycin resistance poses a serious public health concern given the fact that vancomycin has long been the preferred treatment of antibiotic-resistant gram-positive organisms. Though major efforts are now being focused on improving our understanding of vancomycin resistance, there is much that remains unknown at this time. This article reviews the major epidemiologic, microbiologic, and clinical characteristics of vancomycin resistance in both coagulase-negative staphylococci and S. aureus. The review begins with a discussion of issues common to both coagulase-negative staphylococci and S. aureus, such as definitions, laboratory detection of vancomycin resistance, and infection control issues related to vancomycin-resistant staphylococci. The rest of the article is then devoted to a discussion of issues unique to each organism, including epidemiology, risk factors for infection, mechanisms of resistance, and management options.

scholarly journals Glycopeptide Resistance in Gram-Positive Cocci: A Review

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Sujatha ◽  
Ira Praharaj
Keyword(s):  
Vancomycin Resistance ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Glycopeptide Resistance ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Nosocomial Pathogens ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Serious Infections ◽  
Vancomycin Resistant ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
Gram Positive Cocci

Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) have emerged as important nosocomial pathogens in the past two decades all over the world and have seriously limited the choices available to clinicians for treating infections caused by these agents. Methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus, perhaps the most notorious among the nosocomial pathogens, was till recently susceptible to vancomycin and the other glycopeptides. Emergence of vancomycin nonsusceptible strains ofS. aureushas led to a worrisome scenario where the options available for treating serious infections due to these organisms are very limited and not well evaluated. Vancomycin resistance in clinically significant isolates of coagulase-negative staphylococci is also on the rise in many setups. This paper aims to highlight the genetic basis of vancomycin resistance inEnterococcusspecies andS. aureus. It also focuses on important considerations in detection of vancomycin resistance in these gram-positive bacteria. The problem of glycopeptide resistance in clinical isolates of coagulase-negative staphylococci and the phenomenon of vancomycin tolerance seen in some strains ofStreptococcus pneumoniaehas also been discussed. Finally, therapeutic options available and being developed against these pathogens have also found a mention.

scholarly journals ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE, MECA GENE DETECTION, AND BIOFILM FORMATION ABILITY AMONG COAGULASE-NEGATIVE STAPHYLOCOCCI IN CANCER PATIENTS

2021 ◽  
pp. 35-39
Author(s):  
DILSHA TK ◽  
SAJANI SAMUEL ◽  
PARTHIBAN RUDRAPATHY ◽  
SARAVANAN MURUGESAN ◽  
SARATH KE
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Meca Gene ◽  
Hospital Environment ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Automated Identification ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Vitek 2

Objective: The objective of the study was to identify coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) from various clinical samples and to determine the antibiotic resistance of the isolates by means of automation (VITEK-2), as well as to detect biofilm formation using Congo red agar method and to detect mecA gene by automated identification method (VITEK-2). Methods: All the clinical samples (blood, urine, sputum, BAL, throat swab, wound swab, aspirated fluid, pleural fluid, and pus) received in the microbiology laboratory were processed by aseptic techniques. Clinical samples were inoculated on appropriate media (blood agar, MacConkey agar, and chocolate agar [HIMEDIA]). After inoculation, the culture plates were incubated at 37°C aerobically for 18–24 h for growth. Positive cultures were picked up and further bacterial species identification was done using automated techniques (MALDI- TOF). Results: Among 28 isolates, the most recurrent strains of CoNS are Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus hominis, Staphylococcus lugdunensis, and Staphylococcus haemolyticus. The assessment of antibacterial drugs sensitivity shows that all the isolates were more sensitive to daptomycin (S. epidermidis 100%, S. hominis 100%, S. lugdunensis 100%, and S. haemolyticus 42.85%) followed by linezolid (S. epidermidis [69.23%], S. hominis [100%], S. lugdunensis [100%], and S. haemolyticus [57.14%]) and vancomycin (S. epidermidis [100%], S. hominis [40%], S. lugdunensis [100%], S. haemolyticus [42.85%]). The analysis revealed the presence of the mecA gene (67.85%) and biofilm production (85.71%), respectively. Conclusion: Our data indicate that the hospital environment can be colonized by biofilm forming CoNS and transmission of these strains can cause an increased risk of serious nosocomial infections.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Genetic Diversity of Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus in Food Products Collected from Riyadh Region

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayman Mubarak
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Products ◽  
Meca Gene ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus ◽  
Molecular Technique ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Mannitol Salt Agar ◽  
White Cheese ◽  
Vitek 2 ◽  
Camel Meat

The goal of this study was to isolate, count, and identify coagulase-negative Staphylococci from meat and dairy products collected in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, as well as to perform molecular identification of the mecA gene. In addition, the prevalence of these bacteria among the examined food products was determined. Ninety samples of both meat and dairy products were collected and examined between February 2018 and August 2019. Mannitol salt agar and VITEK 2 system were carried out and VITEK 2 system was used to identify all bacterial isolates. Also, the molecular technique was used to detect the target gene of mecA among CoNS. The proportion of samples in which Staphylococcus species isolated is 13.33% (Camel meat), 6.66% (Beef mortadella), 6.66% (Turkish labneh), 33.33% (Cows cheese), 6.66% (Goat labneh), 13.33% (Nabulsy cheese), 13.33% (Haloumi goat cheese) and 6.66% (Akawy white cheese). Counts of coagulase-negative Staphylococcus species (as cfu/gm) of sample were around 11×104, 10×104, 9×104, 12×104, 4×105, 11×104 (Nabulsy cheese), 14×104 and 12×104, respectively. The Prevalence of species in both products was 3.30% (Staphylococcus vitulinus), 53.30% (Staphylococcus saprophyticus), 16.66% (Staphylococcus hominis), 6.66%, (Staphylococcus equorum and Staphylococcus lentus) and 13.33% (Staphylococcus sciuri). Furthermore, results showed methicillin specific mecA gene was harbored in 40 % of the CoNS.

Species diversity and antibiotic resistance of Staphylococci isolated in children of the first month of life in children’s hospitals in Nizhny Novgorod

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-44
Author(s):  
N. A. Gordinskaya ◽  
E. V. Boriskina ◽  
D. V. Kryazhev
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Species Diversity ◽  
Meca Gene ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Children's Hospitals ◽  
Children’S Hospitals ◽  
Minimum Number ◽  
Resistant Strains

1235 strains of Staphylococci isolated in a multidisciplinary children’s clinic were analyzed. The species and antibiotic resistance of Golden and coagulase-negative Staphylococci were studied. The most frequently identified species were: S. aureus-36.06%, S. epidermidis-23.05%, S. haemolyticus-19.7%, S. hominis-14.03%. Phenotype methicillinsensitive strains had 48.9% of the allocated staphylococci, while metitillinrezistentnykh S. aureus was identified in 25.6%, and coagulase-negative staphylococci methicillinresistant- 63.2 per cent. The frequency of associated resistance to aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones, macrolides and tetracyclines have metitillinresictant strains 92,7%, 78,3%, 83,4% and 52,05% respectively, resistant Staphylococcus and coagulase-negative staphylococci were similar. The minimum number of resistant strains was found in relation to daptomycin, no strains resistant to vancomycin and linezolid were found. Antibiotic resistance of staphylococci in children’s hospitals is determined by the presence of the mecA gene or sensitivity to cefoxitin and does not depend on the type of strain.

scholarly journals Isolation of Biofilm Producing Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus from Hospitalized Orthopaedic Patients in Kano State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-74
Author(s):  
D.A. Oche ◽  
U. Abdulrahim ◽  
A.S. Oheagbulem ◽  
B.O. Olayinka
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistance ◽  
Meca Gene ◽  
Community Settings ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
Orthopaedic Patients ◽  
Nasal Swabs ◽  
Public Health Challenge

Biofilm formation and resistance to methicillin are among the factors that makes Staphylococcus aureus a very important human pathogen in both health-care and community settings. This study investigated methicillin-resistance among biofilm-producing S. aureus isolated from 49 orthopaedic in-patients within a 3 months period. Wound swabs, nasal swabs, bed swabs and urine samples were collected from each patient. The samples were cultured and screened for presence of S. aureus while the micro-titre plate method was used to detect biofilm producing isolates. PCR technique was finally used to detect the presence of mecA gene in methicilin resistant S. aureus (MRSA) isolates. Findings reveal 14.8% of bacterial isolates were Staphylococcus aureus of which 96.4% were biofilm-producers. However, strong biofilm producers constitute 11.1%. The mecA gene was detected in 15.8% of the MRSA isolates. Therefore, MRSA among biofilm-producing S. aureus is a potential threat primarily to the community of National Orthopaedic Hospital Dala and a major public health challenge. Keywords: Biofilm, Methicillin-resistance Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), mecA gene, Orthopaedic patient

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