scholarly journals Extended Spectrum Beta-lactamase producing Salmonella Lindenberg gastroenteritis

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (09) ◽  
pp. 851-853
Author(s):  
Rajan Prabhurajan ◽  
Rajasekharapanicker Kiran ◽  
Kesavaram Padmavathy
Keyword(s):  
Acute Gastroenteritis ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
First Case ◽  
Microbiological Methods ◽  
Third Generation Cephalosporins

Introduction: Increasing antimicrobial resistance among non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) is a major public health issue especially in developing countries and is partly due to the use of antimicrobials in animal feeds as growth promoters. NTS are often associated with self-limiting acute gastroenteritis (AGE). Nevertheless, fluoroquinolones and third-generation cephalosporins are currently used in the treatment of severe diarrhoeal infections. Methodology: We report the case of a 30-year-old male who presented with clinical symptoms of moderate gastroenteritis. Stool culture and antibiotic susceptibility was performed as per standard microbiological methods. Molecular detection of bla genes was carried out by PCR. Results: The isolate was confirmed as S. Lindenberg by serotyping. The isolate exhibited dual resistance to fluoroquinolone and third generation cephalosporins. The isolate was an ESBL producer and harboured blaSHV. Based on the antibiotic susceptibility pattern, the patient was successfully treated with ceftriaxone-tazobactam. Conclusion: Presently, there are no Indian reports on the blaSHV positive ESBL producing S. Lindenberg gastroenteritis. We report on the successful management of the first case of acute gastroenteritis caused by S. Lindenberg that exhibited dual resistance to fluoroquinolone and third generation cephalosporins. Continued surveillance of the antibiotic resistance pattern of the Non-typhoidal Salmonella serovars circulating in the geographical region is warranted.

Changing patterns and widening of antibiotic resistance inShigellaspp. over a decade (2000–2011), Andaman Islands, India

2014 ◽  
Vol 143 (3) ◽  
pp. 470-477 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. BHATTACHARYA ◽  
H. BHATTACHARYA ◽  
D. S. SAYI ◽  
A. P. BHARADWAJ ◽  
M. SINGHANIA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Antimicrobial Drugs ◽  
Drug Resistance Pattern ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Third Generation Cephalosporins

SUMMARYThis study is a part of the surveillance study on childhood diarrhoea in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands; here we report the drug resistance pattern of recent isolates ofShigellaspp. (2006–2011) obtained as part of that study and compare it with that ofShigellaisolates obtained earlier during 2000–2005. During 2006–2011, stool samples from paediatric diarrhoea patients were collected and processed for isolation and identification ofShigellaspp. Susceptibility to 22 antimicrobial drugs was tested and minimum inhibitory concentrations were determined for third-generation cephalosporins, quinolones, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid combinations and gentamicin. A wide spectrum of antibiotic resistance was observed in theShigellastrains obtained during 2006–2011. The proportions of resistant strains showed an increase from 2000–2005 to 2006–2011 in 20/22 antibiotics tested. The number of drug resistance patterns increased from 13 in 2000–2005 to 43 in 2006–2011. Resistance to newer generation fluoroquinolones, third-generation cephalosporins and augmentin, which was not observed during 2000–2005, appeared during 2006–2011. The frequency of resistance inShigellaisolates has increased substantially between 2000–2006 and 2006–2011, with a wide spectrum of resistance. At present, the option for antimicrobial therapy in shigellosis in Andaman is limited to a small number of drugs.

Survival of Cephalosporin-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae on Fingers

2006 ◽  
Vol 27 (9) ◽  
pp. 974-977 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anuradha Gunale ◽  
Heike von Baum ◽  
Constanze Wendt
Keyword(s):  
Premature Infants ◽  
Horizontal Transmission ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Bacterial Survival ◽  
Small Children ◽  
Volunteer Study ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Third Generation Cephalosporins

Five strains ofEnterobacterspecies (n= 4) andPantoeaspecies (n= 1) resistant to third-generation cephalosporins and isolated from clusters of 3-25 premature infants and small children and 5 strains (4Enterobacterstrains and 1Pantoeastrain) with the same resistance pattern that were isolated from 1 premature infant or small child each were inoculated on the fingertips of 10 volunteer study participants to test whether survival on fingertips is correlated with horizontal transmission. Although there was no significant difference in survival between the groups of transmitted and sporadic strains, there were significant differences in bacterial survival between the participants.

scholarly journals Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern of Shigella spp. Isolated from Patients Suspected of Acute Gastroenteritis

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Bishal Basnet ◽  
Dhirendra Niroula ◽  
Jyoti Acharya ◽  
Shaila Basnyat
Keyword(s):  
Nalidixic Acid ◽  
Acute Gastroenteritis ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Generation Cephalosporin ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Shigella Species

Shigellosis, an intestinal infection caused by Shigella species, is manifested by bloody diarrhea. Due to the surge in multidrug-resistant (MDR) Shigella species, the control of shigellosis has been a big challenge. This study aims to determine the prevalence and assess the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of Shigella species. During our study period of five months from April 2014 to August 2014 at Sukraraj Tropical and Infectious Disease Hospital, Teku, Kathmandu, a total of 653 stool samples were collected from the patients suspected of acute gastroenteritis. The standard microbiological procedure was followed for the isolation and identification of Shigella species. Assessment of antibiotic susceptibility pattern of the Shigella species was done by Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method following CLSI guidelines. The study found 25(3.82%) cases were Shigella positive. Among them, 18(72%) were S. flexneri, 6(24%) were S. dysenteriae, and 1(4%) was S. sonnei. The patients in the age group 16-45 years were highly susceptible to infection as the higher proportion 16(64%) of Shigella species were isolated from this age group (p> 0.05). Shigella species were found to be highly susceptible to Cefotaxime (100%), a third-generation cephalosporin. Nalidixic acid, on the other hand, was the least effective antibiotic as 20(80%) of the Shigella isolates were resistant, followed by Ampicillin 18(72%), Cotrimoxazole 13(52%), and Ciprofloxacin 9(36%). A higher proportion of [10(40%)] of our study isolates were MDR. Our results show that Nalidixic acid, Ampicillin, Cotrimoxazole, Ciprofloxacin, and Ofloxacin cannot be used as empirical therapy for the treatment of Shigella infection as Shigella species were highly resistant to these antibiotics. So, for the MDR Shigella infection, we suggest third-generation cephalosporin as an option.

scholarly journals Study of antibiotic resistance profiling of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from clinical specimens of the patients attending a tertiary teaching hospital from Chhattisgarh

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (11) ◽  
pp. 4808
Author(s):  
Archana Bhimrao Wankhade ◽  
Sanjibkumar Panda ◽  
Riddhi Hathiwala ◽  
Yogendra Keche
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Microbiological Methods ◽  
Tertiary Teaching

Background: Staphylococcus aureus is a pathogen causing wide spectrum of infections. It has tendency for the development of multidrug resistance thereby exposing the selection of appropriate treatment. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to find out the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from various clinical samples in teaching tertiary hospital.Methods: Total 85 Staphylococcus aureus was isolated from clinical samples (pus, urine, sputum and blood) tested. Identification of Staphylococcus aureus was done by standard conventional microbiological methods. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was done by using disk diffusion method as per CLSI guidelines.Results: Staphylococcus aureus was isolated maximum from pus samples followed by urine samples. Antibiotic susceptibility testing showed highest resistance against Penicillin (69%) and Erythromycin (51%) followed by Cotrimoxazole (50%) & Nitrofurantoin (50%). All the strains were sensitive to Vancomycin. Amongst the urine isolates all were sensitive to Norfloxacin. These percentages of sensitivities are characteristically higher in our study than the previous studies in the literature. In addition, out of 85 Staphylococcus aureus isolates, 26 isolates showed sensitivity   to all antibiotics.Conclusions: From the present study we conclude that though the Staphylococcus aureus is usually having multidrug resistance pattern. So regular antimicrobial susceptibility surveillance is essential for area‐wise monitoring of the resistance patterns. This will be beneficial to preserve the effectiveness of antibiotics and for better patient management.

scholarly journals Wide Distribution and Specific Resistance Pattern to Third-Generation Cephalosporins of Enterobacter cloacae Complex Members in Humans and in the Environment in Guadeloupe (French West Indies)

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthieu Pot ◽  
Yann Reynaud ◽  
David Couvin ◽  
Célia Ducat ◽  
Séverine Ferdinand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
West Indies ◽  
Enterobacter Cloacae ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
French West Indies ◽  
Produce Water ◽  
Human Samples ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Third Generation Cephalosporins

Species belonging to Enterobacter cloacae complex have been isolated in numerous environments and samples of various origins. They are also involved in opportunistic infections in plants, animals, and humans. Previous prospection in Guadeloupe (French West Indies) indicated a high frequency of E. cloacae complex strains resistant to third-generation cephalosporins (3GCs) in a local lizard population (Anolis marmoratus), but knowledge of the distribution and resistance of these strains in humans and the environment is limited. The aim of this study was to compare the distribution and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of E. cloacae complex members from different sources in a “one health” approach and to find possible explanations for the high level of resistance in non-human samples. E. cloacae complex strains were collected between January 2017 and the end of 2018 from anoles, farm animals, local fresh produce, water, and clinical human samples. Isolates were characterized by the heat-shock protein 60 gene-fragment typing method, and whole-genome sequencing was conducted on the most frequent clusters (i.e., C-VI and C-VIII). The prevalence of resistance to 3GCs was relatively high (56/346, 16.2%) in non-human samples. The associated resistance mechanism was related to an AmpC overproduction; however, in human samples, most of the resistant strains (40/62) produced an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase. No relation was found between resistance in isolates from wild anoles (35/168) and human activities. Specific core-genome phylogenetic analysis highlighted an important diversity in this bacterial population and no wide circulation among the different compartments. In our setting, the mutations responsible for resistance to 3GCs, especially in ampD, were diverse and not compartment specific. In conclusion, high levels of resistance in non-human E. cloacae complex isolates are probably due to environmental factors that favor the selection of these resistant strains, and this will be explored further.

TBE in Lithuania

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Encephalitis ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Shoulder Girdle ◽  
Muscle Paralysis ◽  
First Case ◽  
Tick Borne Encephalitis ◽  
Autopsy Data ◽  
Forest Worker ◽  
Girdle Muscle ◽  
Shoulder Girdle Muscle

The first case of tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) in Lithuania, diagnosed by clinical and epidemiologic criteria only, was reported in 1953. A forest worker became ill with the disease in April after a tick bite, had a typical clinical presentation with shoulder girdle muscle paralysis and bulbar syndrome, and died after 12 days from the start of clinical symptoms. Autopsy data were compatible with viral encephalitis.1 Serological diagnosis of TBE in Lithuania was started in 1970.2

Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern of Staphylococcus Species from Clinical Samples

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ali
Keyword(s):  
Clavulanic Acid ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Vaginal Swab ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Mannitol Salt Agar ◽  
Agar Disc ◽  
Microbiological Methods ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanic Acid

The research was aimed to evaluate the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of Staphylococcus species from clinical samples obtained from some hospitals in Kano metropolis, Nigeria. The ear swab, high vaginal swab (HVS), wound swab and urine samples from the patients attending the hospitals were collected and inoculated onto the surface of freshly prepared Nutrient agar for bacterial isolation. The bacteria isolated were identified by conventional microbiological methods namely; Gram staining, biochemical test (such as catalase, coagulase, and DNase test), mannitol salt agar and heamolysis test. The isolates were subjected to antibiotic susceptibility testing using the agar disc diffusion method. The result showed that S. aureus was highly susceptible to Ciprofloxacin 105 (68.63%), Gentamicin 102 (66.67%), Levofloxacin 95 (62.08%) and Amikacin 90 (58.82%), S. epidermidis was highly susceptible to Gentamicin 13 (61.90%), Levofloxacin 12 (57.14%) and Nitrofurantoin 11 (52.38%) while S. saprophyticus was highly susceptible to Cefoxitin 7 (77.78%), Gentamicin 6 (66.67%) and Nitrofurantoin 5 (55.56%). On the other hand, S. aureus was highly resistant to Cefuroxime 153 (100%), Ceftazidime 150 (98.04%), Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid 120 (78.43%) and Cloxacillin 111 (72.55%), S. epidermidis was highly resistant to Ceftazidime 20 (95.24%), Cloxacillin 19 (90.48%) then Cefoxitin, Erythromycin and Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid with 15 (71.43%) both. S. saprophyticus was highly resistant to Cefepime 9 (100%), Cloxacillin 8 (88.89%), Ceftazidime 7 (77.78%), Imipenem and Erythromycin with 6 (66.67%) respectively. There is a statistical difference in the sensitivity of the isolates against the antibiotics used at p<0.05. It is concluded that Staphylococcus species develop resistance to some classes of antibiotics.

Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19): A Narrative Review Based on Current Status

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rina Das ◽  
Dinesh Kumar Mehta ◽  
Meenakshi Dhanawat
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
World Health ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
First Case ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

Abstract:: A novel virus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), appeared and expanded globally by the end of year in 2019 from Wuhan, China, causing severe acute respiratory syndrome. During its initial stage, the disease was called the novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV). It was named COVID-19 by the World Health Organization (WHO) on 11 February 2020. The WHO declared worldwide the SARS-CoV-2 virus a pandemic on March 2020. On 30 January 2020 the first case of Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) was reported in India. Now in current situation the virus is floating in almost every part of the province and rest of the globe. -: On the basis of novel published evidences, we efficiently summarized the reported work with reference to COVID-19 epidemiology, pathogen, clinical symptoms, treatment and prevention. Using several worldwide electronic scientific databases such as Pubmed, Medline, Embase, Science direct, Scopus, etc were utilized for extensive investigation of relevant literature. -: This review is written in the hope of encouraging the people successfully with the key learning points from the underway efforts to perceive and manage SARS-CoV-2, suggesting sailent points for expanding future research.

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