scholarly journals Gaps in tuberculosis control in Armenia: How to improve the care system?

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (11.1) ◽  
pp. 133S-139S
Author(s):  
Hayk Davtyan ◽  
Ani Petrosyan ◽  
Garry Aslanyan ◽  
Seda Aghabekyan ◽  
Deborah De Basso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Treatment Success ◽  
Treatment Guideline ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Tb Treatment ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Lost To Follow Up ◽  
Care System

Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) continues to be a global public health problem. People with weakened immune systems are more vulnerable to TB. It is one of the top 10 causes of death worldwide and is a leading cause of death for people living with HIV (PLWH). The aim of the current study was to perform programmatic data analysis of TB cases treated with the first-line drugs, registered in Armenia for the period of January 2017 – August 2018, and to identify gaps in TB care system in Armenia. Methodology: A retrospective cohort study using programmatic data from National TB Program. Results: Overall treatment success rate for the period of study was 79%. HIV had impact only on “died” outcome with odds ratio (OR) of 20.9. More than a third (34%) of all HIV-positive patients died during TB treatment and 45% of patients who had non-Armenian citizenship were lost to follow-up during the treatment (OR = 3.3). Treatment duration for the 8% of all cases (mainly with brain or bone localization) was > 9 months and lasted up to 500 days. Conclusions: Better collaboration and partial integration of TB and HIV services in Armenia is required. The access to care for non-Armenian citizens needs to be improved. The national TB treatment guideline needs to be updated based on scientific evidence. This study demonstrates that continuous analysis of the available data and tailoring of the system is required to address the needs of key populations and achieve universal care coverage.

scholarly journals Two diseases, same person: moving toward a combined HIV and tuberculosis continuum of care

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (9) ◽  
pp. 873-883 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reuben Granich ◽  
Somya Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Disease Control ◽  
Treatment Success ◽  
World Health ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Tb Treatment ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Living With Hiv

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and Mycobacterium tuberculosis syndemic remains a global public health threat. Separate HIV and tuberculosis (TB) global targets have been set; however, success will depend on achieving combined disease control objectives and care continua. The objective of this study was to review available policy, budgets, and data to reconceptualize TB and HIV disease control objectives by combining HIV and TB care continua. For 22 World Health Organization (WHO) TB and TB/HIV priority countries, we used 2015 data from the HIV90–90–90watch website, UNAIDS AIDSinfo, and WHO 2016 and 2017 Global TB Reports. Global resources available in TB and HIV/TB activities for 2003–2017 were collected from publicly available sources. In 22 high-burden countries, people living with HIV on antiretroviral therapy ranged from 9 to 70%; viral suppression was 38–63%. TB treatment success ranged from 71 to 94% with 14 (81% HIV/TB burden) countries above 80% TB treatment success. From 2003 to 2017, reported global international and domestic resources for HIV-associated TB and TB averaged $2.85 billion per year; the total for 2003–2017 was 43 billion dollars. Reviewing combined HIV and TB targets demonstrate disease control progress and challenges. Using an integrated HIV and TB continuum supports HIV and TB disease control efforts focused on improving both individual and public health.

scholarly journals Two diseases, same person: moving towards a combined HIV and TB continuum of care

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reuben Granich ◽  
Somya Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Disease Control ◽  
Viral Suppression ◽  
Treatment Success ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Disease ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Tb Treatment ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Living With Hiv

SummarySettingThe Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Mycobacterium tuberculosis syndemic remains a global public health threat. Separate HIV and TB global targets have been set, however, success will depend on achieving combined disease control objectives and care continua.ObjectiveReview available policy, budgets and data to re-conceptualize TB and HIV disease control objectives by combining HIV and TB care continua.MethodsFor 22 WHO TB and TB/HIV priority countries, we used 2014 and 2015 data from the HIV90-90-90watch website, UNAIDS Aidsinfo, and WHO 2016 Global TB Report. Global resources available in TB and HIV/TB activities for 2003-2017 was collected from publically available sources.ResultsIn 22 high burden countries people living with HIV (PLHIV) on ART ranged from 9-70%; viral suppression was 38-63%. TB treatment success ranged from 34-94% with 13 (43% HIV/TB burden) countries above 80% TB treatment success. From 2003-2017, global international and domestic resources for HIV-associated TB and TB averaged $2.6 billion per year; the total for 2003-2017 was 39 billion dollars.ConclusionReviewing combined HIV and TB targets demonstrate disease control progress and challenges. Using an integrated HIV and TB continuum supports HIV and TB disease control efforts focused on improving both individual and public health.FundingNone

COMMERCIAL SEX WORKER COMPLIANCE WITH USING CONDOMS IN THE LOCALIZATION OF MANGROVE BAY, BATAM CITY

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 51-55
Author(s):  
Rosyadi Aziz Rahmat ◽  
Devy Lestari Nurul Aulia
Keyword(s):  
Sex Workers ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
World Health ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Commercial Sex ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Commercial Sex Workers ◽  
Hiv Virus ◽  
Living With Hiv

Background : According to the World Health Organization (WHO) HIV continues to be a global public health problem, claiming more than 70 million people are infected with the HIV virus and around 35 million people have died. In 2015, approximately 1.1 (940 000-1300000) million people have died due to being infected with the HIV virus. There were an estimated 36.7 (34.0-39.8) million people living with HIV at the end of 2016. Globally, Sub-Saharan Africa is the most affected region, with nearly 1 in 25 adults living with HIV. (WHO 2016). The purpose of this study was to determine the compliance of commercial sex workers on using condoms in the localization of Teluk Bakau, Batam City. Method : This study used a descriptive research design. The location of this research was carried out in the localization of Teluk Bakau, Batam City. The population in this study were all commercial sex workers (CSWs) in the Teluk Bakau brothels with a total of 95 people. The sample is an object under study and is considered to represent the entire population, here the writer uses a purposive technique, namely by means of sampling based on criteria. The measuring instrument in this study using a questionnaire. This analysis was carried out on each variable. These results are in the form of distribution and percentage of each variable. Data analysis was carried out in a univariate manner by looking at the results of the frequency calculation and the presentation of the results which could later be used as benchmarks for discussion and conclusions. Results and conclusions : It can be seen that the compliance of CSWs using condoms in the Bakau Bay brothel, Batam City is the majority of the majority behave obediently as many as 46 respondents (93.9%)

scholarly journals Treatment outcomes of drug-resistant tuberculosis in people living with HIV in Odesa province, Ukraine, 2014-2016

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (11.1) ◽  
pp. 88S-93S
Author(s):  
Svitlana Yesypenko ◽  
Ruzanna Grigoryan ◽  
Yulia Sereda ◽  
Olga Denisuk ◽  
Liana Kovtunovich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Outcomes ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Treatment Success ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Tb Treatment ◽  
Total Prevalence ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Mean Time

Introduction: Odesa province has the highest TB/HIV prevalence in Ukraine, exceeding the total prevalence in the country by 3 times. The objective of this study was to investigate the unfavorable treatment outcomes and associated factors in patient with drug-resistant (DR) TB in people living with HIV (PLH) in Odesa. Methodology: A cohort study with secondary data analysis was conducted among 373 PLH with confirmed pulmonary DR TB for 2014-2016. Results: About 2/3rd of the cohort were males from urban areas. Mean age and CD4 counts were 39 and 203, respectively. The overall treatment success was 44.2% with the most unfavorable treatment outcomes being observed in extensively and pre-extensively drug resistant (XDR and PreXDR) TB. The mean time between the results of GeneXpert (manufactured by Cepehid) and DR TB treatment based on GeneXpert was 1.3 days. However, the mean time between DR TB treatment based on GeneXpert and results of drug susceptibility test (DST) was 37.0 days referring to a late reporting of DST and to a late adjustment of previously prescribed treatment. The factors associated with the treatment unfavorable outcome included XDR and Pre-XDR TB, lack of antiretroviral treatment (ART), contrimoxazole preventive therapy (CPT) and CD4 test. Conclusions: The rate of successful DR TB treatment in PLH in Odesa remains low. The delayed reporting of DST contributes to lack of timely adjusted treatments. XDR and Pre-XDR TB, lack of ART and CPT are associated with unfavorable treatment outcomes. Additional studies would help to understand the temporal relationship between CD4 test and treatment outcomes.

scholarly journals Knowledge Attitude and Awareness toward People Living with HIV/AIDS among Engineering College Students of Pondicherry, India

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
S. Lokesh Kumar ◽  
V. Pragadeesh Raja ◽  
M. Jasmine
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Migrant Workers ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Human Immune System ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Unprotected Sexual Intercourse ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Aids

Introduction: The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a great global public health problem caused by a retrovirus that infects cells of the human immune system, destroying or impairing their function. In the early stages of infection, the person has no symptoms. HIV can be transmitted through unprotected sexual intercourse, transfusion of contaminated blood, through contaminated needles and between a mother and her infant. In 2017, globally, 36.9 million people are living with HIV and 940000 people died from HIV related causes. The total number of people living with HIV in India is estimated at 21.40 lakhs people in 2017. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was done among college students from engineering colleges in Pondicherry from April 2018 to September 2018. The selection of study subjects was done using simple random sampling. After getting informed consent from the individuals a pre-tested, semi-structured questionnaire was administered. Data were entered on and analysed using Microsoft Excel spreadsheets. Descriptive statistics were used and results were expressed as proportions.  Results: The majority of the students, about 92.4% had heard about HIV/AIDS, about 92.4% of the participants were aware that HIV can spread through body fluids such as blood, sexual contact, urine. More than half 52.7% of students are aware that migrant workers, lorry drivers, commercial sex workers are high-risk groups for HIV/AIDS. 68.8% of students don’t know their HIV status. 65.2% were not willing to isolate HIV infected people from society. Conclusion: There is an immediate need for more health education and awareness campaign among students about HIV/AIDS. The Ministry of Education found better methods  to deliver the necessary information about HIV/AIDS through the Internet, social media and mobile applications, information hotlines, pamphlets and printed educational  materials.

Factors Associated with Unsuccessful Outcomes of Tuberculosis Treatment in 125 Municipalities in Colombia 2014 to 2016

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lizeth Andrea Paniagua-Saldarriaga ◽  
Daniele Maria Pelissari ◽  
Zulma Vanessa Rueda
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Health Insurance ◽  
Treatment Success ◽  
Tuberculosis Treatment ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Tb Treatment ◽  
Lost To Follow Up

Our aim was to identify the risk factors associated with unsuccessful outcomes of tuberculosis (TB) treatment in patients diagnosed between 2014 and 2016 in the 125 municipalities of Antioquia, Colombia. We studied a retrospective cohort of patients with TB diagnosed between 2014 and 2016, from national routine surveillance systems, in 125 municipalities of Antioquia. Factors associated with unsuccessful tuberculosis treatment outcomes (treatment failed, lost to follow up, or death) were identified utilizing a Poisson regression with robust variance. Over 3 years, of the 6,739 drug-susceptible tuberculosis patients, 73.4% had successful treatment and 26.6% unsuccessful outcomes (17% lost to follow up, 8.9% deaths, and 0.7% treatment failures). Patients with subsidized health insurance (Relative risk [RR]: 2.4; 95% CI: 2.1–2.8) and without health insurance (RR: 2.5; 95% CI: 2.1–3.0) had a higher risk for unsuccessful tuberculosis treatment compared to those with contributive health insurance. Other risk factors included age over 15 years, male sex, homelessness, people living with HIV, previous treatment, and primary diagnosis during hospitalization. Protective factors were living in a rural area and extrapulmonary disease. It is important to generate strategies that improves tuberculosis diagnosis in primary healthcare institutions. In addition, it is imperative to initiate new research about the barriers and obstacles related to patients, healthcare workers and services, and the health system, including the analysis of urban violence, to understand why the goal of TB treatment success has not been reached.

scholarly journals A study on co-morbidities and treatment outcome based on updated definitions among tuberculosis patients registered at a tuberculosis unit, Bangalore

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 1071
Author(s):  
Anwith H. H. Shivalingaiah ◽  
Chethana Ramegowda ◽  
N. R. Ramesh Masthi
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Outcome ◽  
Treatment Success ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Tuberculosis Patients ◽  
Common Opportunistic Infection ◽  
Living With Hiv

Background: Tuberculosis remains one of the world‘s deadliest communicable diseases and a major public health problem and is a most common opportunistic infection in people living with HIV. The treatment outcome of Tuberculosis is influenced by numerous factors of which presence of co-morbidities is one of the factors. The present study was done with following objectives, to assess the proportion of co-morbidities and treatment outcome of the Tuberculosis cases registered for DOTS treatment at the Tuberculosis unit.Methods:  A Descriptive study was conducted at a Tuberculosis Unit in Bangalore with 80 subjects     selected by purposive sampling satisfying inclusion & exclusion criteria. Data was collected using a pretested semi structured proforma administered to all the study subjects by trained investigators. Data regarding socio demographic profile, profile of tuberculosis, medical co-morbidities which the subjects were suffering were collected and these patients were followed up till their treatment completion and outcome of treatment was given based on new WHO definitions.Results: The present study showed that, 38 (47.50%) of the study subjects had one or the other comorbidities with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease being the most common 18(22.5%) followed by Diabetes 13(16.25%). On determining the treatment outcome of the study subjects the overall treatment success rate was 86.25% which included the cured and treatment completed subjects. However there was no statistically significant (p = 0.614) association between treatment success and presence of comorbidity.Conclusions: The cure rate among the tuberculosis patients, following DOTS therapy was found to be slightly less than the RNTCP standards.

scholarly journals A comparative study to assess the knowledge and beliefs regarding AIDS among higher secondary students in rural schools of South Kerala and South Tamil Nadu

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose P. Cyril ◽  
Baburaj Stephenson ◽  
Joy John ◽  
Anju Mirin Alex ◽  
Sony S. Paul ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Students ◽  
Rural Schools ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Knowledge And Beliefs ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Self Administered Questionnaire

Background: HIV continues to be a major global public health issue, having claimed 36.3 million lives so far.  India has the third largest HIV epidemic in the world, with 2.1 million people living with HIV. Epidemiological data on AIDS suggests that in many cases, HIV infection was acquired during adolescence and lack of knowledge is one of the most important reasons.  Hence, an ardent need was felt to assess the knowledge and beliefs of adolescents regarding AIDS. The main objective of this study was to assess the knowledge and beliefs regarding AIDS among higher secondary students of rural schools in South Kerala and in South Tamil Nadu.   Methods: After getting ethical committee clearance, the study was conducted among higher secondary students of twelfth standard using a predesigned and validated self-administered questionnaire. An educational intervention regarding AIDS lasting for 30 min was given after the test. Data analysis was done using appropriate software.Results: The mean knowledge scores of students from Kerala (11.57) and Tamil Nadu (11.51) were almost same. Television, newspaper and teachers were the main source of information about AIDS. Beliefs like Whiteman’s disease can spread through mosquito bite, sharing vessels and giving shake hands/touching were highly prevalent in the study subjects.Conclusions: Proper emphasis should be given to teachers on mentoring adolescents and imparting them with the needed knowledge on HIV/AIDS to enable them to overcome this period of stress and storm.

scholarly journals Medication Event Monitoring System for Infectious Tuberculosis Treatment in Morocco: A Retrospective Cohort Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seup Park ◽  
Ilham Sentissi ◽  
Seung Gil ◽  
Won-Seok Park ◽  
ByungKwon Oh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Success Rate ◽  
Monitoring System ◽  
Treatment Success ◽  
Treatment Success Rate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Event Monitoring ◽  
Tb Treatment ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Lost To Follow Up

Non-adherence to tuberculosis (TB) treatment is a barrier to effective TB control. We investigated the effectiveness of a Medication Event Monitoring System (MEMS) as a tailored adherence-promoting intervention in Morocco. We compared patients who received a MEMS (n = 206) with patients who received standard TB care (n = 141) among new active TB patients with sputum smear-positive. The mean total medication days were 141.87 ± 29.5 in the control group and 140.85 ± 17.9 in the MEMS group (p = 0.7147), and the mean age and sex were not different between the two groups (p > 0.05). The treatment success rate was significantly higher in the MEMS group than in the control group (odds ratio (OR): 4.33, 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.13–8.81, p < 0.001), and the lost to follow-up rate was significantly lower in the MEMS group than in the control group (OR: 0.03, 95% CI: 0.05–0.24, p < 0.001) after adjusting for sex, age, and health centers. The mean drug adherence rate in the first month was significantly higher in the MEMS group than in the control group (p = 0.023). MEMS increased TB treatment success rate and decreased the lost to follow-up rate overall for infectious TB patients in a Moroccan rural area.

scholarly journals Factors Associated with Anemia among People Living with HIV/AIDS Taking ART in Ethiopia

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ketema Bizuwork Gebremedhin ◽  
Tadesse Bedada Haye
Keyword(s):  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Clinical Stage ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Aids

Background. Globally, anemia, among people living with HIV/AIDS, is a major public health problem. It has a significant effect on the progression of HIV/AIDS to advanced stages and there are a number of factors that often affect anemia. However, there is little insight regarding factors affecting anemia among HIV/AIDS patients in developing countries, including Ethiopia. Objective. This study aimed at investigating factors affecting anemia among people living with HIV/AIDS taking ART drug at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods. A hospital based cross-sectional study design was used to assess factors affecting anemia among people living with HIV/AIDS. Structured checklist was used to gather information from charts of patients selected by simple random sampling method. We analyzed the data to identify factors associated with anemia among people with HIV/AIDS using logistic regression models. Results. A total of 301 selected charts were reviewed. The median age was 38 ± 10.38. The majority (62.5%) of the patients were taking ZDV-containing ART drug (ZDV/3TC/NVP). The overall anemia prevalence was 34.6%, while about 5%, 15.6%, and 14% of the patients had severe, moderate, and mild prevalence of anemia, respectively. Factors that were found to affect anemia among these patients include gender (OR = 2.26 [95% CI: 1.22, 4.16]), occupation (OR: 0.57 [95%CI: 0.35, 0.92]), WBC count (OR = 2.30 [95% CI: 1.29, 4.09]), platelet count (OR = 2.89 [95% CI: 0.99, 8.41]), nutritional status (OR = 2.05 [95% CI: 0.69, 6.02]), and WHO clinical stage of HIV/AIDS (OR = 3.69 [95% CI: 1.86, 7.31]). Conclusions. About one in three patients was found to be anemic. Intervention aimed at diagnosing and treating anemia among people living with HIV/AIDS should be considered.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document