scholarly journals Associated factors of Acinetobacter baumannii complex in hospitalized patients: A case-control study

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (01) ◽  
pp. 73-80
Author(s):  
Débora Fiorentin Vandresen ◽  
Léia Carolina Lucio ◽  
Roberto Shigueyasu Yamada ◽  
Ana Paula Vieira ◽  
Franciele Ani Caovilla Follador ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Acinetobacter Baumannii ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Disk Diffusion Test ◽  
Broth Microdilution Method ◽  
Acinetobacter Baumannii Complex ◽  
Control Study

Introduction: Acinetobacter baumannii complex are microorganisms of critical priority of resistance, being associated with higher costs and negative outcomes for hospitalized patients. Thus, the study aimed to analyse the factors associated with A. baumannii complex infection in various hospital sectors. Methodology: This is a case-control study that included patients hospitalized from January 2017 to June 2019. Demographic, microbiological and clinical variables were collected from each patient. All cases had positive culture results for A. baumannii complex resistant to more than three classes of antimicrobials. Carbapenem-resistance was examined by the disk diffusion test, while the broth microdilution method was used to determine the susceptibility to colistin. Results: A. baumannii complex infection was mostly present in ICU (74.2%) than in other hospital areas. The bacteria was also linked with the length of hospitalization until the results for the culture (OR = 1.13; 95% CI: 1.06 – 1.21; p < 0.001) and with pneumonia associated with mechanical ventilation (OR = 4.48; 95% CI: 1.55 – 13.00; p = 0.006). Moreover, patients exposed to infection with multidrug-resistant A. baumannii complex had higher risks of death (OR = 3.25; 95% CI: 1.06 – 9.91; p = 0.039). Conclusions: This study provides evidence that A. baumannii complex infection is associated with the number of days of hospitalization up to culture positivity, pneumonia associated with the use of mechanical ventilation and death. Infections appear to be more critical in ICU when compared to other areas. Taken together, these findings could support hospital infection surveillance programs, as well as prevention measures to reduce mortality rates and other complications.

scholarly journals Association between cardiometabolic disease and severe COVID-19: a nationwide case–control study of patients requiring invasive mechanical ventilation

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. e044486 ◽  
Author(s):  
Per Svensson ◽  
Robin Hofmann ◽  
Henrike Häbel ◽  
Tomas Jernberg ◽  
Per Nordberg
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Invasive Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Population Type ◽  
Susceptible Patient ◽  
Control Study

AimsThe risks associated with diabetes, obesity and hypertension for severe COVID-19 may be confounded and differ by sociodemographic background. We assessed the risks associated with cardiometabolic factors for severe COVID-19 when accounting for socioeconomic factors and in subgroups by age, sex and region of birth.Methods and resultsIn this nationwide case–control study, 1.086 patients admitted to intensive care with COVID-19 requiring mechanical ventilation (cases), and 10.860 population-based controls matched for age, sex and district of residency were included from mandatory national registries. ORs with 95% CIs for associations between severe COVID-19 and exposures with adjustment for confounders were estimated using logistic regression. The median age was 62 years (IQR 52–70), and 3003 (24.9%) were women. Type 2 diabetes (OR, 2.3 (95% CI 1.9 to 2.7)), hypertension (OR, 1.7 (95% CI 1.5 to 2.0)), obesity (OR, 3.1 (95% CI 2.4 to 4.0)) and chronic kidney disease (OR, 2.5 (95% CI 1.7 to 3.7)) were all associated with severe COVID-19. In the younger subgroup (below 57 years), ORs were significantly higher for all cardiometabolic risk factors. The risk associated with type 2 diabetes was higher in women (p=0.001) and in patients with a region of birth outside European Union(EU) (p=0.004).ConclusionDiabetes, obesity and hypertension were all independently associated with severe COVID-19 with stronger associations in the younger population. Type 2 diabetes implied a greater risk among women and in non-EU immigrants. These findings, originating from high-quality Swedish registries, may be important to direct preventive measures such as vaccination to susceptible patient groups.Trial registration numberClinicaltrial.gov (NCT04426084).

scholarly journals Cognitive Function in Hospitalized Patients with Multiple Sclerosis: A Case-Control Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Reza Shafiee-Kandjani ◽  
Shahrokh Amiri ◽  
Zahra Mousavi ◽  
Mazyar Hashemilar ◽  
Salman Safikhanlou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
Control Study

Psychotropics use and occurrence of falls in hospitalized patients: a matched case‐control study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chihiro Morishita ◽  
Masahiko Ichiki ◽  
Akiyoshi Shimura ◽  
Yoshiki Ishibashi ◽  
Atsuo Inubuse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
Matched Case ◽  
Matched Case Control Study ◽  
Control Study

Acquisition of imipenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii in a pediatric intensive care unit: a case-control study

2006 ◽  
Vol 32 (9) ◽  
pp. 1384-1391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aspasia Katragkou ◽  
Maria Kotsiou ◽  
Charalampos Antachopoulos ◽  
Alexis Benos ◽  
Danai Sofianou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Acinetobacter Baumannii ◽  
Pediatric Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Pediatric Intensive Care ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Control Study

A case-control study examining the role of recent chemotherapy in causing Clostridium difficile infection among cancer patients

2007 ◽  
Vol 25 (18_suppl) ◽  
pp. 19563-19563
Author(s):  
P. Thapaliya ◽  
A. Donato ◽  
K. Curl
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
Retrospective Case ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
Toxin Assay ◽  
Chemotherapy Agents ◽  
Control Study

19563 Background: Clostridium difficle infection is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in hospitalized patients. The recent use of cancer chemotherapy agents is a frequently cited risk factor but there is a paucity of evidence to this regard. Objective: To determine if an association exists between C. difficile infection requiring hospitalization and recent chemotherapy in patients with cancer. Design: A retrospective case control study. Setting: Community Teaching Hospital Participants: 357 cancer patients admitted with diarrhea or developed diarrhea during their hospital stay that were tested for C. difficile diarrhea via toxin assay over a 2 year period. Outcome Measurements: C. difficile infection using tests for toxin A and or B in stool. Results: Eighty-nine cases had stool positive for C. difficile toxin whereas 267 controls were negative. 30/89 (33%) cases and 90/268 (33%) controls were found to have chemotherapy in the six weeks before collection of stool for toxin assay (Odds Ratio (OR) 1.09, p=1.0 using Pearson Chi square). Factors associated with infection on logistic regression analysis included recent antibiotic usage (OR 1.99, 95% CI 1.01- 3.93),hospitalization in preceding 2 wks with OR 4.1 (95%CI 2.39–7.05) and institutionalization with OR 2.13 (95 % CI 1.03–4.39). Conclusions: C .difficile infection in cancer patients is more likely in recently institutionalized or hospitalized patients who have received recent antibiotics, but not patients with recent chemotherapy. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

scholarly journals Case-Control Study of Clinical Features of Influenza in Hospitalized Patients

2008 ◽  
Vol 29 (10) ◽  
pp. 921-926 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hilary M. Babcock ◽  
Liana R. Merz ◽  
Erik R. Dubberke ◽  
Victoria J. Fraser
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Sore Throat ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Influenza Infection ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
Asthmatic Patients ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Control Study

Background.The symptoms of influenza infection in outpatients are well described. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) definition of an influenza-like illness (ILI) includes fever and cough or sore throat. Few data exist on the clinical presentation of influenza in hospitalized patients, which may be distinct from the clinical presentation of influenza in ambulatory patients because of underlying medical conditions and medications.Design.Retrospective case-control study.Setting.A 1,250-bed urban teaching hospital.Patients.A total of 369 patients were admitted to the general medicine wards during 3 consecutive influenza seasons (2001-2004): 123 case patients with laboratory-confirmed influenza that was diagnosed during routine medical care and 246 control patients with active surveillance culture results negative for influenza.Methods.Data on demographic characteristics, comorbidities, and signs and symptoms were obtained from a review of the medical records of the case and control patients. Analysis included stratified analysis and logistic regression.Results.Cough, coryza, sore throat, and fever were more common in patients with influenza infection. The CDC's definition of an ILI had a sensitivity of 43% and specificity of 86% in the study population, with a crude odds ratio (OR) of 4.7 (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.8-7.8). The sensitivity of the CDC's definition of an ILI decreased to 21% among asthmatic patients, who had similar rates of fever and/or ILI with or without influenza. By logistic regression, ILI was strongly associated with influenza infection in patients without asthma (adjusted OR, 7.5 [95% CI, 4.1-13.7]) but not in patients with asthma (adjusted OR, 1.1 [95% CI, 0.13-10]). The positive predictive value of an ILI in asthmatic patients was 50%.Conclusions.The CDC's definition of an ILI lacks sensitivity among hospitalized patients, and the presence of an ILI is not associated with influenza infection in asthmatic patients.

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