scholarly journals Molecular identification of coagulase-negative staphylococci isolated from bovine mastitis and detection of β-lactam resistance

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (09) ◽  
pp. 1022-1027 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariela Elizabeth Srednik ◽  
Mario Andres Grieben ◽  
Adriana Bentancor ◽  
Elida Raquel Gentilini
Keyword(s):  
Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽  
Meca Gene ◽  
Bovine Mastitis ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Dairy Herds ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Gap Gene ◽  
Mastitis Pathogens

Introduction: Bovine mastitis is a frequent cause of economic loss in dairy herds. Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) are increasing in importance as causeof bovine intramammary infection (IMI) throughout the world in recent years. CoNShave been isolated from milk samples collected from cows with clinical andsubclinical mastitis in several countries. Identification of mastitis pathogensis important when selection appropriate antimicrobial therapy.Methodology: A total of 93 strains of Staphylococcusspp isolated from bovine clinical andsubclinical mastitis in Argentina during 2010-2013 were identified by Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP)-PCR using the gap gene. The isolates were tested by PCR for the presence of blaZ gene and mecA gene and were tested by disk diffusion for the susceptibilityto penicillin and cefoxitin. Results: The most common CoNS species was S.chromogenes 46.2% (43/93), followed by S. devriesei 11.8% (11/93) and S. haemolyticus 9.7% (9/93). The blaZ gene was detected in 19 (20.4%) but only 16 (17.2%) isolates were resistant to penicillin; the mecA was detected in6 (6.5%) isolates but only 4 (4.3) were resistant to cefoxitin. The 6 mecA-positive isolates showed oxaxillinMICs ≥ 0.5 μg/ml. Discussion: CoNSare important minor mastitis pathogens and can be the cause of substantial economic losses. Despite the low resistance to PEN in Argentina, the presenceof MR isolates found in this study emphasize the importance of identificationof CoNS when an IMI is present because of the potentially risk of lateraltransfer of resistance genes between staphylococcal species.

scholarly journals Etiological agents of bovine mastitis in Poland

2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (01) ◽  
pp. 6339-2020
Author(s):  
HENRYK KRUKOWSKI ◽  
HENRYKA LASSA ◽  
EWA ZASTEMPOWSKA ◽  
SEBASTIAN SMULSKI ◽  
HANNA BIS-WENCEL
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Mastitis ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Dairy Herds ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
Microbiological Methods ◽  
Regional Location ◽  
Etiological Agents ◽  
Mastitis Pathogens

This research paper addresses the hypothesis that the incidence of various bovine mastitis pathogens is subject to change over time and across regions. The aim of the research was to determine the pathogen species that are currently the etiological agents of mastitis in Polish dairy herds. This comprehensive study was conducted in the period 2009-2017 and included all the Polish provinces, distinguishing between those with high and low numbers of dairy cattle. Over eight years 38,852 quarter milk samples were obtained from 22,587 cows with clinical and subclinical mastitis from herds located in all 16 provinces in Poland. Milk samples were cultured using standard microbiological methods. Most of them were positive for microorganisms but there was also part of bacteriologically negative and contaminated samples. Gram-positive catalase-negative cocci and staphylococci were the most prevalent pathogens. The growth of other microorganisms such as Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacilli, yeasts and algae was observed at lower frequencies. There were differences in the prevalence of microorganisms depending on the region. In the eastern part of the country a higher number of Streptococcus agalactiae infections than in other regions was observed. This paper provides the latest data on microbial species, frequency of their occurrence and regional location within Poland. The knowledge of mastitis pathogens enables appropriate treatment and to make prevention recommendations for the herds.

Prevalence of pathogens in milk samples of dairy cows with clinical mastitis and in heifers at first parturition

2009 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernd-Alois Tenhagen ◽  
Inken Hansen ◽  
Annette Reinecke ◽  
Wolfgang Heuwieser
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Clinical Mastitis ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Dairy Herds ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Staph Aureus ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
On Farm ◽  
Mastitis Pathogens

Prevalence of mastitis pathogens in milk samples from dairy cows and heifers was studied over a period of 1 year (Aug 2005–Aug 2006) in ten dairy herds in Germany. Milk samples (n=8240) were collected from heifers without clinical mastitis at parturition (n=6915), from primiparous cows with clinical mastitis (n=751) and from older cows with clinical mastitis (n=574). Coagulase negative staphylococci (CNS) were the predominant group of bacteria isolated (46·8% of samples) from clinically healthy quarters of primiparous cows around parturition, followed by streptococci (12·6%), coliforms (4·7%) and Staphylococcus aureus (4·0%). Thirty-three percent of samples were negative on culture (range on farm level, 12·0–46·4%). In cases of clinical mastitis in primiparous and older cows, streptococci were the predominant finding (32·1 and 39·2%) followed by CNS (27·4 and 16·4%), coliforms (10·3 and 13·1%) and Staph. aureus (10·0 and 11·7%). Negative results were obtained from 21·3% (range, 0·0–30·6%) and 19·5% (range, 0·0–32·6%) of these samples. Results indicated substantial differences in the prevalence of pathogens among herds. There was a positive within-herd correlation between the monthly prevalences for Streptococcus dysgalactiae between the three groups of samples. This correlation was also found between clinical samples of primiparous and older cows for Staph. aureus. These correlations were not found for the other pathogens. Besides herd, prevalence of pathogens was influenced by parity, type of sample and season.

scholarly journals Mastitis Pathogens Isolated from Raw Milk Samples on Sheep Farms Situated in Marginal Parts of Slovakia

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 56-61
Author(s):  
F. Zigo ◽  
M. Vasiľ ◽  
L. Takáč ◽  
M. Zigová ◽  
J. Elečko
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Dairy Herds ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Intramammary Infection ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
California Mastitis Test ◽  
Staphylococcus Intermedius ◽  
Mastitis Pathogens

Abstract Relatively large parts of the Slovak territory are marginal regions, which in terms of the economy of ruminant rearing can effectively produce animal commodities only occasionally. The aim of this study was to evaluate the occurrence and aetiology of mastitis during one milking season in two sheep dairy herds of 224 (A) and 270 (B) ewes situated in the marginal parts of Slovakia. A complex examination of health status of ewes based on: the clinical examination of the udder, macroscopic evaluation of milk with the California mastitis test (CMT) and the bacteriological analysis of raw milk samples from individual halves were carried out at the beginning (April) and at the end (September) of the milking season. The prevalence of intramammary infection (IMI) in the herds of ewes (A and B) were 19.1 % and 14.3 %, respectively. In both herds we confirmed predominantly the subclinical forms of IMI. The highest percentages of aetiological agents were determined for coagulase negative staphylococci (CoNS), such as Staphylococcus chromogenes, Staphylococcus schleiferi, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus xylosus, Staphylococcus piscifermentans and Staphylococcus intermedius, the occurrences of which were determined in 41 (48.2 %) and 37 (47.9 %) positive milk samples, respectively.

scholarly journals Economic losses due to bovine mastitis in Dutch dairy herds.

1990 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-92
Author(s):  
M.H.W. Schakenraad ◽  
A.A. Dijkhuizen
Keyword(s):  
Economic Impact ◽  
Bovine Mastitis ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Dairy Herds ◽  
Streptococcal Infections ◽  
Net Return ◽  
Fat Yield

Current annual losses due to mastitis in Dutch dairy herds were calculated to av. Dfl 136/cow per yr, which equals approx. 12% of net return on labour and management per cow on a typical farm. Reduction in milk and fat yield accounts for 70% of these losses. Streptococcal infections were found to have the highest economic impact, causing almost 40% of total losses. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

scholarly journals Antimicrobial resistance and genetic characterization of coagulase-negative staphylococci from bovine mastitis milk samples in Korea

2019 ◽  
Vol 102 (12) ◽  
pp. 11439-11448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Su-Jeong Kim ◽  
Dong Chan Moon ◽  
Seung-Chun Park ◽  
Hee Young Kang ◽  
Seok Hyeon Na ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Genetic Characterization ◽  
Bovine Mastitis ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Milk Samples

scholarly journals Prevalence of mastitis pathogens in milk from clinically healthy cows

2013 ◽  
Vol 58 (No. 11) ◽  
pp. 567-575 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Cervinkova ◽  
H. Vlkova ◽  
I. Borodacova ◽  
J. Makovcova ◽  
V. Babak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Pfge Analysis ◽  
Candida Spp ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Ampicillin Resistance ◽  
Intramammary Infections ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Clonal Spread ◽  
Mastitis Pathogens

A total of 669 individual cow milk samples originating from asymptomatic cows from 16 dairy farms were examined for the presence of microorganisms with the potential to cause mastitis. Coagulase-negative staphylococci clearly predominated (53.5% positive samples) followed by streptococci and enterococci (both occurring in 16.1% samples). Among streptococci, so-called mastitis streptococci (S. uberis, S. dysgalactiae and S. agalactiae) prevailed (11.7% positive samples). Enterobacteriaceae were found in 10.0% samples, most of which (6.6% samples) were positive for Escherichia coli. Yeasts (mainly Candida spp.) were found in 8.2% samples. One of the major mastitis pathogens, Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus, was isolated from 9.0% of samples. S. aureus isolates were further characterised in terms of their capability to form biofilm, antimicrobial susceptibility and clonality (PFGE). All S. aureus isolates were capable of biofilm formation and were generally susceptible to the majority of tested antibiotics. The exception was ampicillin, resistance to which was observed in 27.7% isolates. Therefore, the relatively frequent occurrence of S. aureus could be attributed to persistent intramammary infections due to biofilm formation rather than low efficacy of particular antibiotics. PFGE analysis revealed clonal spread of certain S. aureus isolates within and between farms indicating that certain lineages of S. aureus mastitis strains are particularly successful.

scholarly journals Prevalence, Etiology, and Risk Factors of Mastitis in Dairy Cattle in Embu and Kajiado Counties, Kenya

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Christine M. Mbindyo ◽  
George C. Gitao ◽  
Charles M. Mulei
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Health Hazard ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Bovine Mastitis ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Milk Samples

Bovine mastitis continues to be a leading cause of heavy economic losses in the dairy industry and a public health hazard globally. This cross-sectional study investigated the prevalence, etiologies of clinical and subclinical mastitis, and associated predisposing factors in Embu and Kajiado counties in Kenya. A semistructured questionnaire was administered to 154 smallholder dairy farmers to collect data on management practices, animal factors, and disease history. A total of 395 dairy cows were initially screened for subclinical mastitis using the California mastitis test (CMT), and milk samples were aseptically collected. Both CMT positive and CMT negative samples were analyzed using conventional bacteriological isolation and identification procedures. In the present study, the overall prevalence of mastitis based on CMT and clinical examination was 80% (316/395), out of which 6.8% (27/395) was clinical mastitis, while 73.1% (289/395) was subclinical mastitis. Based on culture, the overall prevalence of clinical and subclinical mastitis was 51.6% (815/1580), 74.4% (294/395), and 76.6% (118/154) at the quarter, cow, and farm level, respectively. From the 1574 milk samples analyzed by cultured, 1016 bacteria were yielded. The predominant bacteria were coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (CNS), 42.8% (435/1016), and in decreasing order, Streptococcus species, 22.2% (226/1016), Staphylococcus aureus, 15.7% (160/1016), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 5.1% (52/1016), and the least was Enterobacter species, 0.7% (7/1016), while 23.7% of the sample yielded no bacterial growth. Risk factor analysis revealed that milking mastitic cows last (p=0.002), using a clean udder drying towel for each cow (p=0.033) and previous history of mastitis (p=0.046) were significantly associated with presence of mastitis. The current study has shown a relatively high prevalence of subclinical mastitis with CNS as predominant bacteria. Therefore, control measures are urgently warranted. Management factors such as milking mastitic cows last, using a clean towel for udder drying for each cow, and culling mastitic cows should be considered and included in the Kenyan mastitis control programs.

Effect of coagulase-negative staphylococci on somatic cell count in Dutch dairy herds

2010 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 318-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Otlis Sampimon ◽  
Bart HP van den Borne ◽  
Inge Santman-Berends ◽  
Herman W Barkema ◽  
Theo Lam
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Somatic Cell Count ◽  
Health Management ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Dairy Herds ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Intramammary Infections ◽  
Milk Samples

The effect was quantified of coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) intramammary infections on quarter- and cow-level somatic cell count (SCC) and on bulk milk somatic cell count (BMSCC) in different BMSCC cohorts in Dutch dairy herds. Two datasets were used for this purpose. In the first dataset, on 49 randomly selected dairy farms a total of 4220 quarter milk samples of 1072 cows were collected of all cows and heifers with a test-day SCC ⩾250 000 and ⩾150 000 cells/ml, respectively, and of 25% of cows and heifers below these thresholds. In the second dataset, on 39 selected dairy farms a total of 8329 quarter milk samples of 2115 cows were collected of all cows with a test-day SCC ⩾250 000 cells/ml following two consecutive SCC <250 000 cells/ml, and of heifers using the same SCC criteria but with a threshold of 150 000 cells/ml. These cows and heifers were defined as new high SCC. In both datasets, CNS was the most frequently isolated pathogen, 11% in the first dataset and 12% in the second dataset. In both datasets, quarters with CNS IMI had a lower SCC than quarters infected with major pathogens, and a higher SCC than culture-negative quarters. The same was found for SCC at cow level. Coagulase-negative staphylococci were more often found in quarters with SCC ⩾200 000 cells/ml in dairy farms with a BMSCC <150 000 cells/ml compared with dairy farms with a higher BMSCC. Prevalence of CNS in cows and heifers with a high SCC was higher in dairy farms with a BMSCC <150 000 cells/ml compared with dairy farms with a medium or high BMSCC: 30, 19 and 18%, respectively. This indicates that CNS IMI as a cause of subclinical mastitis is relatively more important in dairy farms with a low BMSCC and may become a point of attention in udder health management on that type of farm.

Using milk leukocyte differentials for diagnosis of subclinical bovine mastitis

2017 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 309-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliano Leonel Gonçalves ◽  
Roberta L. Lyman ◽  
Mitchell Hockett ◽  
Rudy Rodriguez ◽  
Marcos Veiga dos Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Mastitis ◽  
Dairy Herd ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Absolute Number ◽  
Dairy Herds ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Automated Instrument ◽  
Culture Positive

This research study aimed to evaluate the use of the milk leukocyte differential (MLD) to: (a) identify quarter milks that are culture-positive; and (b) characterize the milk leukocyte responses to specific groups of pathogens causing subclinical mastitis. The MLD measures the absolute number and relative percentage of inflammatory cells in milk samples. Using the MLD in two dairy herds (170 and 172 lactating cows, respectively), we studied all lactating cows with a most recent monthly Dairy Herd Improvement Association somatic cell count (SCC) >200 × 103 cells/ml. Quarter milk samples from 78 cows meeting study criteria were analysed by MLD and aseptically collected milk samples were subjected to microbiological culture (MC). Based upon automated instrument evaluation of the number and percentage of inflammatory cells in milk, samples were designated as either MLD-positive or – negative for subclinicial mastitis. Positive MC were obtained from 102/156 (65·4%) of MLD-positive milk samples, and 28/135 (20·7%) of MLD-negative milk samples were MC-positive. When MC was considered the gold standard for mastitis diagnosis, the calculated diagnostic Se of the MLD was 65·4% (IC95% = 57·4 to 72·8%) and the Sp was 79·3% (IC95% = 71·4 to 85·7%). Quarter milks positive on MC had higher absolute numbers of neutrophils, lymphocytes and macrophages, with higher neutrophils% and lymphocytes% but lower macrophages%. The Log10 (N/L) ratios were the most useful ratio to differentiate specific subclinical mastitis quarters from healthy quarters. Use of the MLD on cows with monthly composite SCC > 200 × 103 cells/ml for screening at quarter level identified quarters more likely to be culture-positive.In conclusion, the MLD can provide an analysis of mammary quarter status more detailed than provided by SCC alone; however, the MLD response to subclinical mastitis was not found useful to specifically identify the causative pathogen.

Coagulase-negative staphylococci isolated from bovine extramammary sites and intramammary infections in a single dairy herd

2008 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 422-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suvi Taponen ◽  
Johanna Björkroth ◽  
Satu Pyörälä
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Mastitis ◽  
Dairy Herd ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Clinical Mastitis ◽  
23S Rrna ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Intramammary Infections ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows ◽  
The University

Isolates of various species of coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) from extramammary swab samples were compared with isolates of bovine mastitis CNS species. Swab samples were taken from perineum skin and udder skin, teat apices and teat canals of lactating dairy cows of the research dairy herd of the University of Helsinki in 1999 and 2002. In addition, hands of herd staff and liners of teat cups were sampled for CNS. CNS isolates from milk samples of subclinical or clinical mastitis in the same herd were collected during 1998–2002. Species identification was performed using phenotyping (API Staph ID 32 test) and by constructing a 16 and 23S rRNA RFLP library (ribotyping). Based on phenotype, 84% of mastitis isolates and 57% of extramammary isolates were identified at species level with >90% probability. Ribotype patterns formed 24 clusters, and 15 of them included a CNS type strain. If the ribotype clusters contained isolates of both extramammary and mastitis origin, they were further typed using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). The predominant CNS species in mastitis, based both on phenotyping and genotyping, wereStaph. chromogenesandStaph. simulans. Phenotyping failed to identify half of the extramammary isolates. Based on phenotyping,Staph. equorumandStaph. sciuri, and based on ribotyping,Staph. succinusandStaph. xylosus, were the predominant CNS species in extramammary samples. The most common species in milk samples,Staph. chromogenes, was also isolated from several extramammary samples, and five out of ten pulsotypes were shared between mastitis and extramammary isolates, indicating that strains from udder skin are highly similar. The second commonest mastitis species,Staph. simulans, was isolated only from three extramammary samples, indicating thatStaph. simulansmay be more specifically associated with mastitis. Consequently, the origin of CNS mastitis may vary depending on the causing CNS species.

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