scholarly journals Assessment of vaginal microbiota in Brazilian women with and without bacterial vaginosis and comparison with Nugent score

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (02) ◽  
pp. 127-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Maria Andrade Oliveira ◽  
Cláudio Galuppo Diniz ◽  
Aline Augusta Sampaio Fernandes ◽  
Daniele Maria Knupp Souza-Sotte ◽  
Michelle Cristine Ribeiro Freitas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Vaginosis ◽  
Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
Vaginal Microbiota ◽  
Gardnerella Vaginalis ◽  
Nugent Score ◽  
Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Patient Groups ◽  
Lactobacillus Spp ◽  
Microbiota Structure

Introduction: Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is characterized by the depletion of Lactobacillus spp. population and increase of other species, especially Gardnerella vaginalis and Atopobium vaginae. This study aimed to investigate the vaginal microbiota structure of Brazilian women with and without BV according to Nugent Score and to assess the correlation among Nugent score and the quantification of BV-associated bacteria. Methodology: Polymerase Chain Reaction-Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) assay was employed to characterize the vaginal microbiota structure. Quantification of Lactobacillus spp., G. vaginalis, A. vaginae, Mobiluncus sp. and M. hominis were determined by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). Results: Clustering by PCR-DGGE revealed differences in microbial structure of the different patient groups. Gardnerella vaginalis, A. vaginae, M. hominis and Mobiluncus sp. were detected at high loads in BV-associated microbiota. Quantification of Lactobacillus spp. showed an inverse correlation with Nugent score while the loads of G. vaginalis, A. vaginae, M. hominis and Mobiluncus sp. indicated a direct correlation with this method. Conclusions: Despite Nugent score is considered the gold standard for BV diagnosis, qPCR stands out as a useful tool for bacteria quantification and an alternative for BV diagnosis. Vaginal microbiota is a complex microbial community although there is a common core among BV and non-BV women. Investigation of vaginal microbiota structure may contribute to the development of tools for diagnosis improvement and therapeutic regimen optimization.

scholarly journals Efficacy of Rifaximin Vaginal Tablets in Treatment of Bacterial Vaginosis: a Molecular Characterization of the Vaginal Microbiota

2012 ◽  
Vol 56 (8) ◽  
pp. 4062-4070 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federica Cruciani ◽  
Patrizia Brigidi ◽  
Fiorella Calanni ◽  
Vittoria Lauro ◽  
Raffaella Tacchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Vaginosis ◽  
Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Vaginal Microbiota ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACTBacterial vaginosis (BV) is a common vaginal disorder characterized by an alteration of the vaginal bacterial morphotypes, associated with sexually transmitted infections and adverse pregnancy outcomes. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the impact of different doses of rifaximin vaginal tablets (100 mg/day for 5 days, 25 mg/day for 5 days, and 100 mg/day for 2 days) on the vaginal microbiota of 102 European patients with BV enrolled in a multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study. An integrated molecular approach based on quantitative PCR (qPCR) and PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) was used to investigate the effects of vaginal tablets containing the antibiotic. An increase in members of the genusLactobacillusand a decrease in the BV-related bacterial groups after the antibiotic treatment were demonstrated by qPCR. PCR-DGGE profiles confirmed the capability of rifaximin to modulate the composition of the vaginal microbial communities and to reduce their complexity. This molecular analysis supported the clinical observation that rifaximin at 25 mg/day for 5 days represents an effective treatment to be used in future pivotal studies for the treatment of BV.

scholarly journals Complexity of Vaginal Microflora as Analyzed by PCR Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis in a Patient With Recurrent Bacterial Vaginosis

2005 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Estelle Devillard ◽  
Jeremy P. Burton ◽  
Gregor Reid
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Vaginosis ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Lactobacillus Rhamnosus ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Gardnerella Vaginalis ◽  
True Nature ◽  
Vaginal Microflora ◽  
Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Probiotic Lactobacilli

Objective:Gardnerella vaginalishas long been the most common pathogen associated with bacterial vaginosis (BV). We aimed to test our hypothesis that symptoms and signs of BV do not necessarily indicate colonization by this organism, and often will not respond to standard metronidazole or clindamycin treatment.Methods:Using a relatively new molecular tool, PCR denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE), the vaginal microflora of a woman with recalcitrant signs and symptoms of BV was investigated over a 6-week timeframe.Results:The vagina was colonized by pathogenic enterobacteriaceae, staphylococci andCandida albicans. The detection of the yeast by PCR-DGGE is particularly novel and enhances the ability of this tool to examine the true nature of the vaginal microflora. The patient had not responded to antifungal treatment, antibiotic therapy targeted at anaerobic Gram-negative pathogens such asGardnerella, nor daily oral probiotic intake ofLactobacillus rhamnosusGG. The failure to find the GG strain in the vagina indicated it did not reach the site, and the low counts of lactobacilli demonstrated that therapy with this probiotic did not appear to influence the vaginal flora.Conclusions:BV is not well understood in terms of its causative organisms, and further studies appear warranted using non-culture, molecular methods. Only when the identities of infecting organisms are confirmed can effective therapy be devized. Such therapy may include the use of probiotic lactobacilli, but only using strains which confer a benefit on the vagina of pre- and postmenopausal women.

scholarly journals Bacterial vaginosis: epidemiologic, clinical and diagnostic updates

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Giorgio Dirani ◽  
Silvia Zannoli ◽  
Maria Federica Pedna ◽  
Francesco Congestrì ◽  
Patrizia Farabegoli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Vaginosis ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Gardnerella Vaginalis ◽  
Vaginal Fluid ◽  
Molecular Approach ◽  
Candida Spp ◽  
Kappa Test ◽  
Lactobacillus Spp ◽  
Standard Techniques ◽  
Atopobium Vaginae

Background and aims. Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is one the more frequently identified genital syndrome among childbearing aged women. The basic condition that generates this condition is a modification in the vaginal microbiota. The aim of this paper is to briefly review the current status of the art of BV and to report the results of a pilot study performed with an innovative PCR based technique. Materials and Methods. 36 samples of vaginal fluid routinely submitted for the diagnosis of BV to the Unit of Microbiology – GRHL were comparatively evaluated by standard techniques and with the HP-Vaginiti e Vaginosi NLM kit that simultaneously detects in a quantitative way specific DNA from Candida (albicans, glabrata; krusei, tropicalis), Gardnerella vaginalis, Lactobacillus spp. and Atopobium vaginae. Results and conclusions. Candida spp. has been identified in 8 samples with culture and in 15 with the molecular test. 29 G. vaginalis were found by PCR whereas only in 7 samples a specific prescription for this microbe was present (of which 4 positive). A. vaginae has been identified in 20 samples by the molecular approach and Lactobacillus spp. was identified in 19 samples (by culture) and in 32 by PCR. The overall diagnosis of BV was made in 9 patients by standard techniques and in 7 by applying the molecular approach. (Cohen’s kappa test: 0,84). The findings of this study clearly demonstrate that the joint use of the routine culture- based techniques with the multiplex PCR methods amplifies by far the sensitivity of the overall diagnostic workflow of BV.

scholarly journals Criteria for diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis using the test Femoflor-16

2017 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 57-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veronika V. Nazarova ◽  
Elena V. Shipitsyna ◽  
Ekaterina N. Gerasimova ◽  
Alevtina M. Savicheva
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Vaginosis ◽  
Vaginal Discharge ◽  
Bacterial Load ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Microscopic Investigation ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Gardnerella Vaginalis ◽  
Nugent Score ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy ◽  
Amsel Criteria

Background. Bacterial vaginosis is disturbance of the balance of the vaginal microflora, associated with a number of infectious diseases of the urogenital tract and adverse pregnancy outcomes. In this country, for the detection of vaginal dysbiotic conditions, the test Femoflor-16 (DNA-Technology, Moscow) is widely used, however interpretation algorithms of this test do not include the category of BV. Aim. The study aimed to elaborate diagnostic criteria for the detection of BV using Femoflor-16 test. Materials and methods. Women of reproductive age addressing a gynecologist with vaginal discharge were enrolled in the study. For clinical diagnosis of BV, the Amsel criteria were used, laboratory analysis for BV was performed via microscopic investigation of vaginal discharge using the Nugent score. Samples of vaginal discharge from all women were analyzed with the test Femoflor-16, intended for characterizing vaginal microbiocenosis using multiplex quantitative real-time PCR. Results. A total of 280 women were included in the study. BV was diagnosed in 86 women (31%) using the Amsel criteria, and in 81 women (29%) using the Nugent score. All groups of anaerobic bacteria included in Femoflor-16 test were shown to be associated with BV, with the exception of bacteria of the genus Mobiluncus, which are detected together with phylogenetically related but not BV-associated bacteria of the genus Corynebacterium. A low amount of lactobacilli (< 10% of total bacterial load) coupled with an elevated amount of Gardnerella vaginalis/Prevotella bivia/Porphyromonas (> 1%) and/or Eubacterium (> 2%) and/or Sneathia/Leptotrichia/Fusobacterium (> 0.1%) and/or Megasphaera/Veillonella/Dialister (> 0.1%) and/or Lachnobacterium/Clostridium (> 0.1%) and/or Peptostreptococcus (> 0.1%) and/or Atopobium vaginae (> 0.2%) detected BV with a sensitivity of 99% and specificity of 93%. Conclusions. Criteria for BV diagnosis using the test Femoflor-16 have been elaborated, which enable to detect BV or exclude it with a sensitivity of 99% and specificity of 93%. These criteria for BV and criteria of the test manufacturers for severe anaerobic dysbiosis determine to a large extent the same category of the vaginal microbiocenosis.

scholarly journals Bacterial communities forming the vaginal micro-ecosystem in norm and in bacterial vaginosis

2017 ◽  
Vol 66 (6) ◽  
pp. 30-43
Author(s):  
Veronika V. Nazarova ◽  
Elena V. Shipitsyna ◽  
Kira V. Shalepo ◽  
Alevtina M. Savicheva
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Bacterial Vaginosis ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Gardnerella Vaginalis ◽  
Nugent Score ◽  
Facultative Anaerobes ◽  
Normal Microflora ◽  
Cluster 2

Background. Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is disturbance of the vaginal microbiota, characterized by displacement of lactobacilli with anaerobic bacteria and capable of adversely affecting women’s reproductive health. In the development of BV, a wide spectrum of bacteria substantially differing in their properties is involved. Grouping vaginal bacterial communities into clusters, or types of microbiocenosis, might contribute to understanding of pathogenic mechanisms and elaboration of effective tools for diagnostics and therapy of the disease. Aim. Determination and comparative analysis of clusters of vaginal bacterial communities in norm and in BV. Materials and methods. Women of reproductive age were enrolled in the study. For the diagnosis of BV, the Nugent score was used. Vaginal swab samples from all women were analyzed with the test Femoflor-16, intended for evaluation of the vaginal microbiocenosis using multiplex quantitative real-time PCR. Two-step cluster analysis was applied for grouping bacterial communities. Differences between the clusters were evaluated using pairwise comparisons. Results. Of 280 women enrolled in the study, 172 had normal microflora, 27 – intermediate microflora, 81 – BV. In cluster analysis, 270 samples valid in PCR testing were included. All the vaginal bacterial communities were grouped into 4 clusters. Cluster 1 (n = 171) included cases when the vaginal microflora consisted mostly of lactobacilli. Cluster 2 (n = 11) encompassed cases of domination of aerobic microflora: Enterobacteriaceae, Streptococcus and Staphylococcus. Clusters 3 (n = 57) and 4 (n = 31) were connected with BV and included cases of prevailing of facultative anaerobes (Gardnerella vaginalis, Atopobium vaginae) and obligate anaerobes (Sneathia/Leptotrichia/Fusobacterium, Megasphaera/Veillonella/Dialister, Lachnobacterium/Clostridium), respectively. Nearly all cases of cluster 1 belonged to the category of normal microflora of the Nugent score. The majority of bacterial communities of cluster 2 matched intermediate microflora, cluster 3 – BV category with a score of 7 or 8, cluster 4 – BV category with a score of 9 or 10. The clusters differed significantly in vaginal рН, with the highest values observed for cluster 4. Conclusions. Vaginal bacterial communities are grouped into 4 main clusters, characterized by domination of lactobacilli, aerobes, facultative anaerobes or obligate anaerobes. The clusters belong to different categories of the Nugent score and differ significantly in vaginal pH.

scholarly journals Finding a Balance in the Vaginal Microbiome: How Do We Treat and Prevent the Occurrence of Bacterial Vaginosis?

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 719
Author(s):  
Rebecca Jane Joseph ◽  
Hooi-Leng Ser ◽  
Yi-He Kuai ◽  
Loh Teng-Hern Tan ◽  
Valliammai Jayanthi Thirunavuk Arasoo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Vaginosis ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Vaginal Microbiota ◽  
Female Reproductive Tract ◽  
Gardnerella Vaginalis ◽  
Vaginal Microbiome ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Healthy State ◽  
Vaginal Health ◽  
Pathogenic Microbes

Bacterial vaginosis (BV) has been reported in one-third of women worldwide at different life stages, due to the complex balance in the ecology of the vaginal microbiota. It is a common cause of abnormal vaginal discharge and is associated with other health issues. Since the first description of anaerobic microbes associated with BV like Gardnerella vaginalis in the 1950s, researchers have stepped up the game by incorporating advanced molecular tools to monitor and evaluate the extent of dysbiosis within the vaginal microbiome, particularly on how specific microbial population changes compared to a healthy state. Moreover, treatment failure and BV recurrence rate remain high despite the standard antibiotic treatment. Consequently, researchers have been probing into alternative or adjunct treatments, including probiotics or even vaginal microbiota transplants, to ensure successful treatment outcomes and reduce the colonization by pathogenic microbes of the female reproductive tract. The current review summarizes the latest findings in probiotics use for BV and explores the potential of vaginal microbiota transplants in restoring vaginal health.

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