scholarly journals The Immunomodulatory Activities of Picria Fel-Terrae Lour Herbs towards RAW 264.7 Cells

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-28
Author(s):  
Novycha AuliaFendri ◽  
Rosidah ◽  
Yuandani ◽  
Sri Suryani ◽  
Denny Satria
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Inflammatory Biomarkers ◽  
Raw 264.7 Cells ◽  
Raw 264.7 ◽  
Chromatography Method ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Gene Level ◽  
Pcr Method ◽  
Cox 2 ◽  
Oxide Synthase

AIM: To investigate immunomodulatory activities of Picria fel-terrae Lour herbs extract against inflammatory biomarkers by conducting cell culture experiments. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The herbs of Picria fel-terrae Lour were dried and extracted with n-hexane, ethyl acetate, 96% ethanol, followed by evaporation and freeze-drying. Phytochemicals screening were analysed with thin layer chromatography method. Cell viability was assessed with MTT assay. The genes of Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF)-α, Interleukin (IL)-6, interleukin (IL)-1β and inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase (iNOS), Cyclooxygenase (COX-2) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced macrophages were analysed by Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) method. RESULTS: Phytochemicals screening showed the presence of steroids in n-hexane extract (ENPFH) and flavonoids, glycosides, saponins, tannins in ethyl acetate (EEAPFH) and ethanol (EEPFH) extracts. The Viability of RAW 264.7 cell toward ENPFH, EEAPFH, and EEPFH (1-200 μgmL-1) showed no toxicity effects. At the gene level, ENPFH; EEAPFH; EEPFH decreased the gene expression of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, iNOS, and COX-2 which induced with LPS (1 μgmL-1). CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that extracts of Picria fel-terrae Lour Herbs possesses immunomodulatory activities by inhibiting selected inflammatory biomarkers at the gene levels in LPS-induced macrophages.

scholarly journals Inhibitory Effect of 1,5-Dimethyl Citrate from Sea Buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides) on Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammatory Response in RAW 264.7 Mouse Macrophages

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Su Cheol Baek ◽  
Dahae Lee ◽  
Mun Seok Jo ◽  
Kwang Ho Lee ◽  
Yong Hoon Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Nitric Oxide Synthase ◽  
Sea Buckthorn ◽  
Raw 264.7 Cells ◽  
No Production ◽  
Raw 264.7 ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Mouse Macrophages ◽  
Cox 2 ◽  
Oxide Synthase

Hippophae rhamnoides L. (Elaeagnaceae; commonly known as “sea buckthorn” and “vitamin tree”), is a spiny deciduous shrub whose fruit is used in foods and traditional medicines. The H. rhamnoides fruit (berry) is rich in vitamin C, with a level exceeding that found in lemons and oranges. H. rhamnoides berries are usually washed and pressed to create pomace and juice. Today, the powder of the aqueous extract of H. rhamnoides berries are sold as a functional food in many countries. As part of our ongoing effort to identify bioactive constituents from natural resources, we aimed to isolate and identify those from the fruits of H. rhamnoides. Phytochemical analysis of the extract of H. rhamnoides fruits led to the isolation and identification of six compounds, namely, a citric acid derivative (1), a phenolic (2), flavonoids (3 and 4), and megastigmane compounds (5 and 6). Treatment with compounds 1–6 did not have any impact on the cell viability of RAW 264.7 mouse macrophages. However, pretreatment with these compounds suppressed lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced NO production in RAW 264.7 mouse macrophages in a concentration-dependent manner. Among the isolated compounds, compound 1 was identified as the most active, with an IC50 of 39.76 ± 0.16 μM. This value was comparable to that of the NG-methyl-L-arginine acetate salt, a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor with an IC50 of 28.48 ± 0.05 μM. Western blot analysis demonstrated that compound 1 inhibited the LPS-induced expression of IKKα/β (IκB kinase alpha/beta), I-κBα (inhibitor of kappa B alpha), nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) p65, iNOS (inducible nitric oxide synthase), and COX-2 (cyclooxygenase-2) in RAW 264.7 cells. Furthermore, LPS-stimulated cytokine production was detected using a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Compound 1 decreased interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) production in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. In summary, the mechanism of action of 1 included the suppression of LPS-induced NO production in RAW 264.7 cells by inhibiting IKKα/β, I-κBα, NF-κB p65, iNOS, and COX-2, and the activities of IL-6 and TNF-α.

scholarly journals Naphthoquinone Derivatives with Anti-Inflammatory Activity from Mangrove-Derived Endophytic Fungus Talaromyces sp. SK-S009

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 576 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongju Liu ◽  
Chong Yan ◽  
Changqun Li ◽  
Tingting You ◽  
Zhigang She
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Endophytic Fungus ◽  
Raw 264.7 Cells ◽  
Inflammatory Factors ◽  
No Production ◽  
Raw 264.7 ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Ic50 Values ◽  
Oxide Synthase

Twelve 1, 4-naphthoquinone derivatives, including two new (1 and 2) and 10 known (3–12), were obtained from endophytic fungus Talaromyces sp. SK-S009 isolated from the fruit of Kandelia obovata. All structures were identified through extensive analysis of the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), mass spectrometry (MS) and circular dichroism (CD), as well as by comparison with literature data. These compounds significantly inhibited the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide (NO) production in the murine macrophage cell line (RAW 264.7 cells). The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values, except for compound 2, were lower than that of indomethacin (26.3 μM). Compound 9 inhibited the LPS-induced inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) mRNA expressions in RAW 264.7 macrophages. Additionally, compound 9 reduced the mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory factors interleukin (IL)1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. The results of this study demonstrated that these 1, 4-naphthoquinone derivatives can inhibit LPS-induced inflammation.

Fermentation Improves Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Sipjeondaebotang on LPS-Stimulated RAW 264.7 Cells

2012 ◽  
Vol 40 (04) ◽  
pp. 813-831 ◽  
Author(s):  
You-Chang Oh ◽  
Won-Kyung Cho ◽  
Yun Hee Jeong ◽  
Ga Young Im ◽  
Min Cheol Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Inflammatory Mediators ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Raw 264.7 Cells ◽  
Raw 264.7 ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Cox 2 ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Sipjeondaebotang (SJ) has been used as a traditional drug in east-Asian countries. In this study, to provide insight into the biological effects of SJ and SJ fermented by Lactobacillus, we investigated their effects on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-mediated inflammation in macrophages. The investigation was focused on whether SJ and fermented SJ could inhibit the production of pro-inflammatory mediators such as prostaglandin (PG) E2 and nitric oxide (NO) as well as the expressions of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and nuclear factor (NF)-κB in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. We found that SJ modestly inhibited LPS-induced PGE2, NO and TNF-α production as well as the expressions of COX-2 and iNOS. Interestingly, fermentation significantly increased its inhibitory effect on the expression of all pro-inflammatory mediators. Furthermore, fermented SJ exhibited increased inhibition of p38 MAPK and c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) MAPK phosphorylation as well as NF-κB p65 translocation by reduced IκBα degradation compared with either untreated controls or unfermented SJ. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis showed fermentation by Lactobacillus increases liquiritigenin and cinnamyl alcohol contained in SJ, which are known for their anti-inflammatory activities. Finally, SJ fermented by Lactobacillus exerted potent anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting MAPK and NF-κB signaling in RAW 264.7 cells.

scholarly journals Protective Effect of (+)-Catechin Against Lipopolysaccharide Induced Inflammatory Response in RAW 264.7 Cells through Downregulation of NF-κB and p38 MAPK

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
MA Sunil ◽  
vasudevan Sunitha ◽  
Prasanthkumar Santhakumaran ◽  
Mohind C. Mohan ◽  
Midhun Sebastian Jose ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
P38 Mapk ◽  
Inflammatory Mediators ◽  
Mrna Level ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase ◽  
Raw 264.7 Cells ◽  
Raw 264.7 ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Plant Foods ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Cox 2

Abstract Catechin, a flavonol belonging to the flavonoid group of polyphenols is present in many plant foods. The present study was done to evaluate the effect of catechin on various inflammatory mediators using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. The effect of catechin on total cyclooxygenase (COX) activity, 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX), myeloperoxidase, nitrite and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) level, secretion of tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) were assessed in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. The expression of COX-2, iNOS, TNF-α, nuclear factor-ĸB (NF-κB) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) genes were also investigated. The effect was further analyzed using human PBMCs by assessing the level of TNF-α and IL-10. The study demonstrated that the inflammatory mediators such as COX, 5-LOX, nitrite, iNOS, and TNF-α were significantly inhibited by catechin in a dose-dependent manner whereas IL-10 production was up-regulated in RAW 264.7 cells. Moreover, catechin down-regulated the mRNA level expression of COX-2, iNOS, TNF-α, NF-κB and p38 MAPK. The current study ratifies the beneficial effect of catechin as a dietary component in plant foods to provide protection against inflammatory diseases.

scholarly journals Anti-inflammatory activity of pectic enzyme-treated pectin on lipopolysaccharide-induced RAW 264.7 cells

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cian-Song Huang ◽  
Qiao-Lin Li ◽  
Diana Lo ◽  
Yuh-Tai Wang ◽  
Ming-Chang Wu
Keyword(s):  
Western Blot ◽  
Raw 264.7 Cells ◽  
No Production ◽  
Raw 264.7 ◽  
Pectic Enzyme ◽  
Western Blot Method ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Cox 2 ◽  
Necrosis Factor ◽  
Normal Macrophage

The purpose of this study was to investigate the ability and pathway of the pectic enzyme-treated (PET) pectin to inhibit the inflammation of macrophage RAW 264.7 induced by lipopolysaccharide. Results showed that PET-pectin produced from 1% substrate and 48 h reaction time had the highest antioxidative activity, thus these parameters were used to produce PET-pectin used in this study. PET-pectin showed no cell cytotoxicity to normal macrophage RAW 264.7 and reduce the nitrite secretion from LPS-induced RAW 264.7 by 20%. Finally, the expression of cytokines, including NO synthase (iNOS), nitric oxide (NO), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) were analyzed by western blot. In the western blot method, it was found that iNOS, COX-2, NF-κB, TNF-α and other proteins that activated NO production had a downtrend. It was found that PET-pectin possess promising activity to mitigate the inflammatory response.

Anti-inflammatory effect of chitosan oligosaccharides in RAW 264.7 cells

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eun-Jin Yang ◽  
Jong-Gwan Kim ◽  
Ji-Young Kim ◽  
Seong Kim ◽  
Nam Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Nitric Oxide Synthase ◽  
Protein Expression ◽  
Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase ◽  
Raw 264.7 Cells ◽  
Raw 264.7 ◽  
Chitosan Oligosaccharides ◽  
Cox 2 ◽  
Oxide Synthase ◽  
Inducible Nitric Oxide

AbstractWe examined the effects of chitosan oligosaccharides (COSs) with different molecular weights (COS-A, 10 kDa < MW < 20 kDa; COS-C, 1 kDa < MW < 3 kDa) on the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced production of prostaglandin E2 and nitric oxide and on the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase in RAW264.7 macrophages. COS-A (0.4%) and COS-C (0.2%) significantly inhibited PGE2 production in LPS-stimulated macrophages without cytotoxicity. The effect of COS-A and COS-C on COX-2 expression in activated macrophages was also investigated by immunoblotting. The inhibition of PGE2 by COS-A and COS-C can be attributed to the blocking of COX-2 protein expression. COS-A (0.4%) and COS-C (0.2%) also markedly inhibited the LPS-induced NO production of RAW 264.7 cells by 50.2% and 44.1%, respectively. The inhibition of NO by COSs was consistent with decreases in inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) protein expression. To test the inhibitory effects of COS-A and COS-C on other cytokines, we also performed ELISA assays for IL-1β in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells, but only a dose-dependent decrease in the IL-1β production exerted by COS-A was observed. In order to test for irritation and the potential sensitization of COS-A and COS-C for use as cosmetic materials, human skin primary irritation tests were performed on 32 volunteers; no adverse reactions of COSs usage were observed. Based on these results, we suggest that COS-A and COS-C be considered possible anti-inflammatory candidates for topical application.

Oxygenated compounds from the bioconversion of isostevic acid and their inhibition of TNF-α and COX-2 expressions in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells

2012 ◽  
Vol 75 ◽  
pp. 90-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li-Ming Yang ◽  
Shwu-Fen Chang ◽  
Wen-Kuang Lin ◽  
Bo-Hon Chou ◽  
Li-Hsuan Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raw 264.7 Cells ◽  
Raw 264.7 ◽  
Oxygenated Compounds ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Cox 2

Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Citrus Unshiu Peel in LPS-Stimulated RAW 264.7 Macrophage Cells

2012 ◽  
Vol 40 (03) ◽  
pp. 611-629 ◽  
Author(s):  
You-Chang Oh ◽  
Won-Kyung Cho ◽  
Yun Hee Jeong ◽  
Ga Young Im ◽  
Min Cheol Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Translocation ◽  
Raw 264.7 Cells ◽  
Raw 264.7 ◽  
Citrus Unshiu ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Raw 264.7 Macrophage Cells ◽  
Citrus Unshiu Peel ◽  
Cox 2 ◽  
Iκbα Degradation ◽  
Inflammatory Effect

Citrus Unshiu peel (CUP) has been traditionally used in East Asia as a drug for the treatment of vomiting and dyspepsia. However, its effects on inflammation remain unknown. In this study, we investigated the effects of CUP on the production of pro-inflammatory mediators in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. The research focused on determining whether CUP could inhibit the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 and the activation of nuclear factor (NF)-κB, mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), as well as the secretion of nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin (PG) E2, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin (IL)-6 in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. We found that CUP represses LPS-induced iNOS and COX-2 gene expression as well as NO , PGE2, TNF-α and IL-6 production. Additionally, CUP inhibited the LPS-induced phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), p38, and c-Jun NH2 -terminal kinase (JNK) MAPK, and suppressed IκBα degradation and nuclear translocation of NF-κB. Collectively, our results indicate that CUP inhibits the production of various inflammatory mediators via blockade of MAPK phosphorylation pursuant to the inhibition of IκBα degradation and the nuclear translocation of NF-κB. These findings are the first to clarify the mechanism underlying the anti-inflammatory effect exerted by CUP in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells stimulated by inflammatory agents.

scholarly journals Anti-Inflammatory Effects ofArtemisiaLeaf Extract in Mice with Contact DermatitisIn VitroandIn Vivo

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chanyong Yun ◽  
Youngchul Jung ◽  
Wonjoo Chun ◽  
Beodeul Yang ◽  
Junghyun Ryu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Cytokine Production ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Raw 264.7 Cells ◽  
Prostaglandin E ◽  
Raw 264.7 ◽  
Inflammatory Skin Diseases ◽  
Cox 2 ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Oxide Synthase

The leaves ofArtemisia argyiLev. et Vant. andA. princepsPamp. are well known medicinal herbs used to treat patients in China, Japan, and Korea with skin problems such as eczema and itching, as well as abdominal pain and dysmenorrhoea. We investigated the anti-inflammatory effects ofArtemisialeaf extract (ALE) using CD mice and Raw 264.7 cells. The effects of ALE on histopathological changes and cytokine production in ear tissues were assessed in mice with CD induced by 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (DNFB). Moreover, the anti-inflammatory effects on production levels of prostaglandin E2(PGE2) and nitric oxide (NO) and expression levels of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) were investigated in Raw 264.7 cells. Topical application of ALE effectively prevented ear swelling induced by repeated DNFB application. ALE prevented epidermal hyperplasia and infiltration of immune cells and lowered the production of interferon- (IFN-) gamma (γ), tumour necrosis factor- (TNF-) alpha (α), and interleukin- (IL-) 6 in inflamed tissues. In addition, ALE inhibited expression of COX-2 and iNOS and production of NO and PGE2in Raw 264.7 cells. These results indicate thatArtemisialeaf can be used as a therapeutic agent for inflammatory skin diseases and that its anti-inflammatory effects are closely related to the inhibition of inflammatory mediator release from macrophages and inflammatory cytokine production in inflamed tissues.

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