scholarly journals Cross-sectional Study of Cardiovascular Risk Factors among Male and Female Medical Students in Qassim University – College of Medicine Saudi Arabia

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (E) ◽  
pp. 439-445
Author(s):  
Sultan ALNohair ◽  
Nahla Babiker ◽  
Dalal Al-Ahmari ◽  
Dalal Al-Mutairi ◽  
Khozama Al-Matroudi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Stress Scale

BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a major cause of mortality around the world. At present, almost half of the non-communicable diseases are CVDs. According to the literature review, CVD disease and the associated risk factors are high among Saudi adults. It has not been studied to determine at which age the majority of adults acquire the risk factors. We hypothesized and planned to assess CVD risk factors among medical students. AIM: The main objective of this study is to determine the prevalence of CVD risk factors among male and female medical students in Qassim University. METHODS: A cross-sectional study surveyed 188 males and female medical students in Qassim University. They were selected by random sampling technique. The data were collected by using a questionnaire included (age, gender, height, weight, waist circumference, blood pressure, random blood glucose, smoking habits, physical activity, and stress scale). After the data collection, it was entered and analyzed by SPSS. RESULTS: About 9.6% of male students were smokers, while there is no history of smoking among female students. About 18.2% of males were found obese, while obesity was lower among females (4.2%). The random blood glucose for males and females was within normal limits, but the measured blood pressure showed a higher percentage of elevated blood pressure among males (47.8%) in comparison to females (25.4%). Perceived stress scale exhibited that females were getting a greater percentage of high stress (34.3%), while in males, it was 14.4%. CONCLUSION: Many risk factors were greater among males, including elevated blood pressure 47.8%, obesity 18.2%, and smoking 9.6%. On the other hand, these risk factors were lower in females, but they have a higher stress scale 34.3% in comparison to males.

scholarly journals Law enforcement and cardiovascular risk: Findings of a cross-sectional study from Rural Karnataka

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 49-54
Author(s):  
Carolin Elizabeth George ◽  
Norman Gift ◽  
Devashri Mukherjee ◽  
Tatarao Maddipati
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Framingham Risk ◽  
Police Personnel

Background: Police personnel experience job-related factors that put them at risk of heart disease. Close encounter with difficult situations and unpredictability of working hours posethem with high stress which can increase the chance of heart disease. Aims and Objective: The current study aims to find out the prevalence of individual and aggregated cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors and a10 year risk prediction of a fatal or non-fatal cardiac events using the Framingham risk score.Materials and Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among 60 police personnel of Devanahalli Taluk in Bangalore rural district. The study comprised a pre tested semi structured questionnaire; body mass index, waist circumference, waist hip ratio systolic and diastolic blood pressure measurements, and random plasma glucose estimation. Pearson’s correlation coefficients were calculated for Framingham risk score with individual CVD risk factors. Multivariate logistic regression was done to measure the association of CVD risk factors with Framingham risk score.Results: The prevalence of aggregated cardiovascular risk was high, 85% of them had a combination of 2 or more risk factors. Greater age (> 50 years), smoking, waist circumference, waist hip ratio and presence of hypertension were significantly associate with high 10 year CVD risk categories. Age and systolic blood pressure showed a significant positive correlation with CVD risk.Conclusion: An alarming 40% of the police personnel had a high risk of a fatal or non-fatal cardiac event in the next 10 years. This warrants the need for regular CVD risk factor screening and targeted health education programs along with lifestyle modification counselling.Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.8(3) 2017 49-54

scholarly journals The Prevalence of Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors among Employees in the Kingdom of Bahrain between October 2010 and March 2011: A Cross-Sectional Study from a Workplace Health Campaign

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ameera Ali AL-Nooh ◽  
Abdulhussain Abdulabbas Abdulla Alajmi ◽  
David Wood
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Physical Measurements

Background. High prevalence of CVD risk factors has been reported in Bahrain.Objective. This study aims to estimate the CVD risk factors prevalence among government employees in Bahrain.Design. A cross-sectional study design.Setting. Different government workplaces in Bahrain.Method. Data was collected from 1139 employees between October 2010 and March 2011 through interviews, including physical measurements, patient blood testing, and expired carbon monoxide (CO) levels as particles per million (ppm) for smokers. A summary of composite CVD risk factors was identified.Results. The following overall prevalence rates were reported: overweight and obesity 78.4% and reported hypertension 36.9% (included both those who were on and not on treatments), with an estimated prevalence of 21.6% for measured systolic blood pressure (Sbp) ≥ 140 mmHg and 23.3% for diastolic blood pressure (dbp) ≥90 mmHg. The prevalence of total cholesterol levels ≥5.2 mmol/dl was 24.2% and LDL levels >3.3 mmol/dl 10.8%. Prevalence of HDL-C levels (≤1.03 mmol/dl) was 47.55% and (≥1.5 mmol/dl) in 12.31%. The low HDL level (<1.03 mmol/dl) among males was 64.1%, while it was 26.6% among females. Half the participants (50.8%) do not engage in any type of physical activity. Moreover, 24.3% were not eating daily servings of fruits and vegetables. About 16.1% of them were current smokers. The majority of the participants (95.35%) had either no or less than 3 CVD risk factors. Only 4.65% had 3–5 risk factors.Conclusions. Among the employees in Bahrain, the high CVD risk factors prevalence is evident. CVD risk factors prevention and control are a priority.

scholarly journals Dietary fat Intake Had a Different Influence on Body Mass Index in Active and Inactive Subjects: a Cross-Sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 164-170
Author(s):  
Ana Gabriella Pereira Alves ◽  
Mário Flávio Cardoso Lima ◽  
Maria Sebastiana Silva
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Energy And Nutrient Intake

The understanding of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors and their association with food and physical activity is not yet completely clear. This study aimed to evaluate the association between CVD risk factors with dietary intake, according to the physical activity level. A cross-sectional study was conducted with Brazilian individuals attended by the Public Health System. Demographic, blood pressure, physical activity practice, anthropometry and food intake data were collected and evaluated. Of the 83 participants, 61.4% were active. No difference were observed in the frequency of CVD risk factors, anthropometric data, blood pressure, estimated energy requirement, energy and nutrient intake between the active and inactive subjects (p ≥ .05). There was also no difference in the frequency of energy and nutrient intake adequacy between groups (p ≥ .05). Among the inactive subjects, it was found that the consumption of total (OR: 1.021, p = .035) and saturated (OR: 1.060, p = .033) fat was predictor of being overweight, with no relationship between food intake and the risk factors for CVD when the total participants or active individuals were considered (p ≥ .05). No difference was observed in the frequency of CVD risk factors between active and inactive individuals, however, total and saturated fat consumption increased the chance of being overweight among the inactive individuals. Keywords: Cardiovascular Diseases. Food Consumption. Exercise. Body Weight. Health Systems. Resumo O conhecimento da associação entre os fatores de risco para doenças cardiovasculares com a alimentação e atividade física ainda não está totalmente elucidada. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a associação entre os fatores de risco cardiovascular e o consumo alimentar, segundo o nível de atividade física. Foi realizado um estudo transversal com individuos brasileiros atendidos pelo Sistema Único de Saúde. Foram coletados e avaliados dados demográficos, pressão arterial, prática de atividade física, antropometría e consumo alimentar. Dos 83 participantes, 61,4% eram ativos. Não foi observado diferença na frequência dos fatores de risco cardiovascular, dados antropométricos, pressão arterial, estimativa da necessidade energética, consumo de energía e nutrientes entre os individuos ativos e inativos (p ≥ 0,05). Também não houve diferença na frequência de adequação no consumo de energia e nutrientes entre os grupos (p ≥ 0,05). Entre os participantes inativos, observou-se que o consumo de gordura total (OR: 1,021; p = 0,035) e saturada (OR: 1,060; p = 0,033) foram preditores do sobrepeso, sem relação entre o consumo alimentar e os fatores de risco cardiovascular quando se considerou todos os participantes ou apenas os indivíduos ativos (p ≥ 0,05). Não foi observado diferença na frequência dos fatores de risco cardiovascular entre os sujeitos ativos e inativos, entretanto o consumo de gordura total e saturada aumentou a chance de sobrepeso entre os indivíduos inativos. Palavras-chave: Doenças Cardiovasculares. Consumo de Alimentos. Exercício Físico. Peso Corporal. Sistemas de Saúde.

scholarly journals Neck circumference and clustered cardiovascular risk factors in children and adolescents: cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. e016048 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Castro-Piñero ◽  
Alvaro Delgado-Alfonso ◽  
Luis Gracia-Marco ◽  
Sonia Gómez-Martínez ◽  
Irene Esteban-Cornejo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Screening Tool ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional

ObjectiveEarly detection of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors, such as obesity, is crucial to prevent adverse long-term effects on individuals’ health. Therefore, the aims were: (1) to explore the robustness of neck circumference (NC) as a predictor of CVD and examine its association with numerous anthropometric and body composition indices and (2) to release sex and age-specific NC cut-off values to classify youths as overweight/obese.DesignCross-sectional study.Setting23 primary schools and 17 secondary schools from Spain.Participants2198 students (1060 girls), grades 1–4 and 7–10.MeasuresPubertal development, anthropometric and body composition indices, systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP, respectively), cardiorespiratory fitness, blood sampling triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), glucose and inflammatory markers. Homoeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR) and cluster of CVD risk factors were calculated.ResultsNC was positively correlated with all anthropometric and body composition indices. NC was negatively associated with maximum oxygen consumption (R2=0.231, p<0.001 for boys; R2=0.018, p<0.001 for girls) and positively associated with SBP, DBP, TC/HDL-c, TG, HOMA, complement factors C-3 and C-4, leptin, adiponectin and clustered CVD risk factor in both sexes (R2from 0.035 to 0.353, p<0.01 for boys; R2from 0.024 to 0.215, p<0.001 for girls). Moreover, NC was positively associated with serum C reactive protein, LDL-c and visfatin only in boys (R2from 0.013 to 0.107, p<0.05).ConclusionNC is a simple, low-cost and practical screening tool of excess of upper body obesity and CVD risk factors in children and adolescents. Paediatricians can easily use it as a screening tool for overweight/obesity in children and adolescents. For this purpose, sex and age-specific thresholds to classify children and adolescents as normal weight or overweight/obese are provided.

scholarly journals Trends in socioeconomic inequalities in five major risk factors for cardiovascular disease in the Korean population: a cross-sectional study using data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2001–2014

BMJ Open ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. e014070 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoon Jung Kim ◽  
Ji Sung Lee ◽  
Juri Park ◽  
Dong Seop Choi ◽  
Doo Man Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Socioeconomic Inequalities ◽  
Korean Women ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Obesity And Diabetes

ObjectivesTo examine trends in socioeconomic inequalities in major cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors among the Korean population.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingA nationally representative population survey database.ParticipantsA total of 42 725 Koreans, aged 25–64 years, who participated in the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) II (2001) to VI (2013–2014).Main outcome measuresTrends in socioeconomic inequalities in five major CVD risk factors (smoking, obesity, diabetes, hypertension and hypercholesterolaemia).ResultsGender differences were noted in the time trends in socioeconomic inequalities in smoking, obesity, diabetes and hypertension. Among men, low socioeconomic status (SES) was associated with higher prevalence of smoking, but not with obesity, diabetes or hypertension. The magnitudes of socioeconomic inequalities in smoking, obesity and diabetes remained unchanged, and the magnitude of the inequality in hypertension decreased over time. However, among women, low SES was associated with higher prevalence of smoking, obesity, diabetes and hypertension. Time trends towards increasing socioeconomic inequalities, measured by income, in smoking, obesity and diabetes were found in women. Unlike the other CVD risk factors, hypercholesterolaemia was not associated with socioeconomic inequality.ConclusionsSES had a stronger impact on major CVD risk factors among Korean women than men. Moreover, socioeconomic inequalities in smoking, obesity and diabetes worsened among Korean women over time. Public policies to prevent smoking, obesity and diabetes in women with lower SES are needed to address inequalities.

scholarly journals Prevalence and correlates of traditional risk factors for cardiovascular disease in a Nigerian ART-naive HIV population: a cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. e019664 ◽  
Author(s):  
Udeme E Ekrikpo ◽  
Effiong E Akpan ◽  
John U Ekott ◽  
Aminu K Bello ◽  
Ikechi G Okpechi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional

ObjectivesHIV infection environment presents a classic example of the interplay between infectious diseases and non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Traditional cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors abound in the HIV population even before initiation of antiretrovirals (ARVs) and predispose them to the development of stroke and myocardial infarction. This work focuses on determining the prevalence of traditional CVD risk factors among ARV-naive HIV individuals in southern Nigeria.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional study of ARV-naive patients initiating care at the University of Uyo Teaching Hospital HIV clinic cohort to determine the prevalence and correlates of hypertension, diabetes mellitus (DM), obesity and dyslipidaemia.ResultsThe sample consisted of 4925 assessed for hypertension, 5223 for obesity, 1818 for DM and 926 for dyslipidaemia. Hypertension prevalence was 26.7% (95% CI 25.5% to 28.0%) with a male preponderance (p=0.02). DM was found in 5.6% (95% CI 4.5% to 6.7%), obesity in 8.3% (95% CI 7.6% to 9.1%) and dyslipidaemia in 29.1% (95% CI 26.1% to 32.1%) with a high prevalence of low high-density lipoprotein-c (42.6%). Hypertension was independently associated with age (OR 1.04 (95% CI 1.03 to 1.05), p<0.001) and body mass index (BMI) (OR 1.06 (95% CI 1.03 to 1.08), p<0.001), obesity with age (OR 1.02 (95% CI 1.01 to 1.03), p<0.001), male gender (OR 0.38 (95% CI 0.29 to 0.49), p<0.001) and CD4 count (OR 2.63 (95% CI 1.96 to 3.53), p<0.001) while dyslipidaemia was associated with BMI (OR 1.05 (95% CI 1.01 to 1.10), p=0.03).ConclusionThe prevalence of traditional CVD risk factors is high in this ART-naive HIV population. An integrated approach of HIV and NCD screening/treatment may be relevant for centres in sub-Saharan Africa.

scholarly journals Assessment of Cardiovascular Risk for Prevention and Control of Cardiovascular Disease in Ghana’s Northern Region A Cross-sectional Study of 4 Rural Districts using World Health Organization / International Society of Hypertension (WHO/ISH) Risk Prediction Charts

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Sandra M. Skerratt ◽  
Olivia G. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Risk Prediction ◽  
Cardiovascular Event ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional

Ghana is experiencing an increase in cardiovascular (CVD) -related mortality with poor rural communities suffering greater complications and premature deaths. The point of this exploratory research is to evaluate the prevalence of CVD risk factors and to calculate the cardiovascular risk among adults aged &gt; 40 years in Ghana&rsquo;s Northern Region. A cross-sectional study was performed with 536 subjects. A pre-tested questionnaire, anthropometric measurements, and standardized WHO/ISH risk prediction charts assessed for 10-year risk of a fatal or non-fatal major cardiovascular event according to age, sex, blood pressure, smoking status, and diabetes mellitus status. Low, moderate and high CVD prevalence risk in females was 88.4%, 7.1%, and 4.5% while in males the prevalence was 91.3%, 5.8%, and 2.9%, respectively. Hypertension was noted as a clinically significant risk factor with females at 37.3% versus males at 32%. The 10-year risk of a fatal or non-fatal cardiovascular event was statistically significant for females according to age group. A moderate to high CVD risk of a fatal or non-fatal cardiovascular event was found in 10.4% of subjects. Notable CVD risk factors included a high prevalence of hypertension. Decentralizing care to local village healthcare facilities is one way to tackle cardiovascular risk reduction. Task shifting of primary care duties from physicians to nurses in terms of cardiovascular (CV) risk assessment and management of uncomplicated CV risk factors is a potential solution to the acute shortage of trained health staffs for the control and prevention of CVD in Northern Ghana.

scholarly journals A Combined Index of Waist Circumference and Muscle Quality is Associated with Accumulation of Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Obese Patients: A Cross-sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kentaro Ikeue ◽  
Toru Kusakabe ◽  
Kazuya Muranaka ◽  
Hajime Yamakage ◽  
Takayuki Inoue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Risk Scores ◽  
Obese Patients ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Background: Aging individuals are prone to sarcopenic obesity (SO). SO is associated with higher risks of low physical function, metabolic diseases, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and mortality. Worldwide diagnostic criteria for SO and its cutoff values have not yet been established. In this study, from among obesity- and sarcopenia-evaluated indices, we determined a combined index most associated with the accumulation of CVD risk factors in obese patients.Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we evaluated body composition using a multifrequency bioelectrical impedance analysis device and measured handgrip strength in 188 obese patients (73 men and 115 women). We selected each index most associated with the accumulation of CVD risk factors among obesity- (body mass index, percentage body fat, or waist circumference [WC]) and sarcopenia-evaluated indices (skeletal mass index, handgrip strength, or muscle quantity [MQ]), respectively. We then classified obese patients into four groups (group C, control; group O, obesity alone; group S, sarcopenia alone; and group SO, sarcopenic obesity) using the two selected indices with each median value and compared the CVD risk score, the number of concomitant CVD risk factors, among the four groups.Results: Based on the dichotomous comparison, WC and MQ were selected as the indices most associated with CVD risk factor accumulation. The CVD risk score was significantly higher in groups S and SO as compared with group C (1.94 ± 0.80, 1.95 ± 0.91 vs. 1.41 ± 0.84, all p < 0.05). Odds ratios for CVD risk scores ≥2 were significantly higher in groups S, O, and SO compared with group C (4.78 [95% confidence interval {CI} 1.79-12.81], p = 0.002; 3.28 [95% CI 1.37-7.88], p = 0.008; 3.92 [95% CI 1.74-8.81], p = 0.001; respectively). Furthermore, odds ratios for CVD risk scores = 3 were significantly higher only in group SO compared with group C (4.29 [95% CI 1.49-12.33], p = 0.007).Conclusion: In obese patients, WC and MQ were most associated with the accumulation of CVD risk factors, respectively. Furthermore, classification using the combined index of WC and MQ reflects the accumulation of CVD risk factors in obese patients, regardless sex and age.

scholarly journals The association of food quality score and cardiovascular diseases risk factors among women: A cross-sectional study

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 237-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manije Darooghegi Mofrad ◽  
Nazli Namazi ◽  
Bagher Larijani ◽  
Nick Bellissimo ◽  
Leila Azadbakht
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Food Quality ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Quality Score ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Anthropometric Measures ◽  
Cross Sectional

Introduction: Limited studies are available regarding the relationship between Food Quality Score (FQS) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors. Thus, this study was aimed to investigate the association of FQS with CVD risk factors in women. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out among 368 women aged 20-50 years who randomly selected from health centers across Tehran, Iran. Dietary intake was collected using a reliable and validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). The FQS includes vegetables, fruits, whole grains, yogurt, nuts and legumes, coffee, refined grains, desserts and ice cream, sugar-sweetened beverages, red meats, fried food consumed outside the home, processed meats, potato and potato chips. Standard methods were used to assess blood pressure, biochemical and anthropometric measures. Multivariate logistic regression was used to examine the association between FQS and CVD risk factors. Results: Participant mean age and body mass index (BMI) were 30.7 ± 6.9 years and 24.3 ± 4.0 kg/m2, respectively. After taking potential confounders into account, FQS had no significant association with risk of overweight and obesity [Odds ratio (OR): 1.1, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.68, 1.8; P = 0.683], diabetes (OR: 0.62, 95% CI: 0.22, 1.74; P = 0.374), metabolic syndrome (OR: 0.36, 95% CI: 0.10, 1.32; P = 0.127), hypercholesterolemia (OR: 0.54, 95% CI: 0.29, 1.01; P= 0.051), or hypertriglyceridemia (OR: 1.63, 95% CI: 0.71, 3.70; P = 0.244). Conclusion: The results showed that FQS was not significantly associated with CVD risk factors among women. Prospective cohort studies are warranted to confirm our findings.

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