The Association of Antioxidants Gene Polymorphisms (SOD2 Ala16Val, GPx1 Pro198Leu, GSTP1 Ile105Val, and Cat −21 A/T) and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

BACKGROUND: Antioxidant gene polymorphism is one of the genetic risk factors associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) incidence. AIM: This study was to analyze the association of superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) Ala16VAl, glutathione peroxidase (GPx1) Pro198Leu, glutathione S-transferase Pi1 (GSTP1) Ile105Val, and Cat −21 A/T gene polymorphisms and risk of T2DM. METHODS: We genotyped deoxyribonucleic acid of 120 T2DM patients and 80 healthy control by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism method, using a specific restriction enzyme. RESULTS: This study showed that the Val/Val of SOD2 was significantly associated with an increased risk of T2DM compared to the Ala/Ala+Ala/Val (p = 0.011; odds ratio [OR] = 2.220; confidence interval [CI] = 1.234–3.992). The TT genotype of Cat gene was also significantly associated with an increased risk of T2DM compared to the AA genotype (p = 0.027; OR = 5.000; CI = 1.079–23.176) and TT genotype to the AA+AT genotype (p = 0,030; OR = 4.738; CI = 1.039–21.600). However, there was no difference in all genetic models of GPx1 Pro198Leu and GSTP1 Ile105Val gene polymorphisms (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: This study indicates that the Val/Val under the recessive model of SOD2 gene also TT genotype under the co-dominant model of Cat gene and TT genotype under the recessive model of Cat gene were associated with risk factors for T2DM occurrence.

Download Full-text

PREVALENCE OF GLUTAMATE CARBOXYPEPTIDASE II C1561T, REDUCED FOLATE CARRIER 1 A80G, AND METHIONINE SYNTHASE A2756G GENE POLYMORPHISMS IN PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS AMONG SOUTH INDIANS

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research ◽

10.22159/ajpcr.2019.v12i12.35656 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 170-175 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

NITHYA K ◽

ANGELINE T ◽

PRISCILLA AS ◽

ASIRVATHAM AJ

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Gene Polymorphisms ◽

Methionine Synthase ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Reduced Folate Carrier ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Glutamate Carboxypeptidase

Objective: Glutamate carboxypeptidase II (GCPII), reduced folate carrier 1 (RFC1), and methionine synthase (MTR) genes involved in the folate metabolic pathway may play a key role in the pathogenesis of diabetes and its complications. The present study aimed to investigate the prevalence of genetic polymorphisms of GCPII C1561T, RFC1 A80G, and MTR A2756G in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) among South Indians. Methods: The study subjects consisted of 100 healthy individuals and 200 patients with T2DM. Genetic polymorphisms (GCPII C1561T, RFCI A80G, and MTR A2756G) in the folate metabolic pathway were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method. Statistical analysis was performed to test the level of significance. Results: With regard to GCPII C1561T and MTR A2756G gene polymorphisms, significant differences were not found when diabetic patients (with and without complications) and controls were compared according to different statistical models (dominant, recessive, and overdominant) p>0.05. A case–control genetic association analysis of RFC1 A80G gene polymorphism has shown that there was 3.7-fold increased risk for patients without complications and 4.9-fold increased risk for diabetic patients with complications. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that the GCPII C1561T and MTR A2756G gene polymorphisms were not significantly associated with diabetes and its complications. Whereas, the RFCI A80G gene polymorphism involved in folate metabolism confers increased risk for diabetes and its complications in South Indian population.

Download Full-text

Is the number of fast-food outlets in the neighbourhood related to screen-detected type 2 diabetes mellitus and associated risk factors?

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980014002316 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 18 (9) ◽

pp. 1698-1705 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

Danielle H Bodicoat ◽

Patrice Carter ◽

Alexis Comber ◽

Charlotte Edwardson ◽

Laura J Gray ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Fast Food ◽

Social Deprivation ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Food Outlets ◽

Increased Risk

AbstractObjectiveWe investigated whether a higher number of fast-food outlets in an individual’s home neighbourhood is associated with increased prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus and related risk factors, including obesity.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingThree UK-based diabetes screening studies (one general population, two high-risk populations) conducted between 2004 and 2011. The primary outcome was screen-detected type 2 diabetes. Secondary outcomes were risk factors for type 2 diabetes.SubjectsIn total 10 461 participants (mean age 59 years; 53 % male; 21 % non-White ethnicity).ResultsThere was a higher number of neighbourhood (500 m radius from home postcode) fast-food outlets among non-White ethnic groups (P<0·001) and in socially deprived areas (P<0·001). After adjustment (social deprivation, urban/rural, ethnicity, age, sex), more fast-food outlets was associated with significantly increased odds for diabetes (OR=1·02; 95 % CI 1·00, 1·04) and obesity (OR=1·02; 95 % CI 1·00, 1·03). This suggests that for every additional two outlets per neighbourhood, we would expect one additional diabetes case, assuming a causal relationship between the fast-food outlets and diabetes.ConclusionsThese results suggest that increased exposure to fast-food outlets is associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes and obesity, which has implications for diabetes prevention at a public health level and for those granting planning permission to new fast-food outlets.

Download Full-text

Egg consumption and the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus: a case–control study

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980012000614 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 15 (8) ◽

pp. 1437-1441 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Lina Radzevičienė ◽

Rytas Ostrauskas

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Case Control ◽

Egg Consumption ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Control Study

AbstractObjectiveType 2 diabetes mellitus appears to involve an interaction between susceptible genetic backgrounds and environmental factors including highly calorific diets. As it is important to identify modifiable risk factors that may help reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus, the aim of the present study was to determine the association between egg consumption and the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus.DesignA specifically designed questionnaire was used to collect information on possible risk factors of type 2 diabetes mellitus. The odds ratios and 95 % confidence intervals for type 2 diabetes mellitus were calculated by conditional logistic regression.SettingA case–control study in a Lithuanian out-patient clinic was performed in 2001.SubjectsA total of 234 cases with a newly confirmed diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus and 468 controls free of the disease.ResultsVariables such as BMI, family history of diabetes, cigarette smoking, education, morning exercise and plasma TAG level were retained in multivariate logistic regression models as confounders because their inclusion changed the value of the odds ratio by more than 10 % in any exposure category. After adjustment for possible confounders more than twofold increased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus was determined for individuals consuming 3–4·9 eggs/week (OR = 2·60; 95 % CI 1·34, 5·08) and threefold increased risk of the disease was determined for individuals consuming ≥5 eggs/week (OR = 3·02; 95 % CI 1·14, 7·98) compared with those eating <1 egg/week.ConclusionsOur data support a possible relationship of egg consumption and increased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Download Full-text

The Risk Factors of Severe Hypoglycemia in Older Patients with Dementia and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Journal of Personalized Medicine ◽

10.3390/jpm12010067 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 67

Author(s):

Nai-Ching Chen ◽

Chien-Liang Chen ◽

Feng-Chih Shen

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Glycemic Control ◽

Older Patients ◽

Control Group ◽

Research Database ◽

Increased Risk

Background: The adequate glycemic control and risk factors for hypoglycemia in older patients with dementia and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) remain unclear. This study aimed to analyze the status of glycemic control and determine the risk of hypoglycemia among these groups. Methods: A hospital admission record due to hypoglycemia through an emergency room with glucose supplementation in the Chang Gung Memorial Hospital was identified as a hypoglycemic event. Patients with dementia and T2DM without hypoglycemic events throughout the study period were defined as the control group. We gathered patients aged ≥65 years with a diagnosis of Alzheimer’s dementia (AD) and T2DM between 2001 and 2018 in the Chang Gung Research Database (CGRD). We extracted data included medication use, diagnoses, and biochemistry data from hospital records. Results: A total of 3877 older patients with dementia and T2DM with regular visits to the outpatient department were enrolled in this study. During the two-year follow-up period, 494 participants (12.7%) experienced hypoglycemia. Multivariable logistic multivariable regression models for hypoglycemic events showed that metformin had a protective effect (odds ratio (OR) = 0.75, p = 0.023), insulin had the highest risk (OR = 4.64, p < 0.001). Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels were not correlated with hypoglycemic events (OR = 0.95, p = 0.140). Patients with hypoglycemic episodes had a significantly higher proportion of ≥2 Charlson Comorbidity Index scores than those without hypoglycemic episodes (83.2% versus 56.4%, p < 0.001). Conclusions: Drug regimen affects hypoglycemic episodes but not HbA1c in older patients with dementia and T2DM. In addition, patients with more comorbidities experience an increased risk of hypoglycemia.

Download Full-text

Endothelin-1 Gene Polymorphisms rs5370, rs1476046, and rs3087459 are not Associated with Diabetic Nephropathy in Caucasians with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Folia Medica ◽

10.1515/folmed-2017-0033 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 59 (3) ◽

pp. 261-269 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Maja Šeruga ◽

Stojan Kariž ◽

Jana Makuc ◽

Matej Završnik ◽

Ines Cilenšek ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Diabetic Nephropathy ◽

Gene Polymorphisms ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Study Population ◽

Lines Of Evidence

AbstractBackground:Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a major microvascular complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Several lines of evidence implicate the endothelin (ET) system in the pathophysiology of DN. The aim of the present study was to analyze if genetic polymorphisms of the ET-1 (EDN1) gene affect susceptibility to DN in Caucasians with T2DM.Materials and methods:The study population consisted of 651 Caucasian subjects with T2DM of more than 10 years’ duration: 276 patients with DN (cases) and 375 patients without evidence of DN (controls). Polymorphisms in ET-1 (EDN1) gene, rs5370, rs1476046, and rs3087459, were studied.Results:Genotype distributions of the studied polymorphisms showed no significant difference between cases and controls.Conclusions:We provide evidence that the rs5370, rs1476046, and rs3087459 polymorphisms ofEDN1gene are not risk factors for DN in Caucasians with T2DM.

Download Full-text

Association between Adiponectin Gene Polymorphism and Environmental Risk Factors of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus among the Chinese Population in Hohhot

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2020/6383906 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Meng Cui ◽

Yumin Gao ◽

Yanping Zhao ◽

Hui Pang ◽

Le Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Environmental Risk ◽

Gene Polymorphisms ◽

Central Obesity ◽

Environmental Risk Factors ◽

Adiponectin Gene

Objective. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between adiponectin gene polymorphisms rs10937273, rs1501299, rs182052, rs2241767, and rs266729 and environmental risk factors of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Hohhot. The study explored different models of gene-environment interactions, aimed at providing approaches for the prevention and control of T2DM in combination with the characteristics of the local population. Methods. A case-control study was conducted including 406 Chinese participants, comprising 203 cases and 203 controls from various hospitals. Adiponectin (ADIPOQ) gene polymorphisms rs10937273, rs1501299, rs182052, rs2241767, and rs266729 were detected using an improved multiple ligation detection reaction technique. Generalized multifactor dimensionality reduction (GMDR) and logistic regression were conducted to analyze the associations between adiponectin gene polymorphisms and T2DM, as well as the interactions between adiponectin gene polymorphisms and environmental factors. Results. ADIPOQ gene polymorphisms rs10937273, rs1501299, rs182052, rs2241767, and rs266729 were associated with type 2 diabetes. Based on the haplotype of the five adiponectin gene single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) loci, we found that G-G-A-A-C was a susceptible haplotype of T2DM (P<0.05). Interaction analyses demonstrated associations between rs1501299 and central obesity (consistency=80%, P=0.011) and between rs266729 and rs182052 and central obesity (consistency=70%, P=0.011). Conclusions. Our findings indicate that there is an interaction between the ADIPOQ gene and central obesity, which provides new insights into the prevention and treatment of T2DM.

Download Full-text

Polymorphic variant in gpx2 gene (rs4902346) and predisposition to type 2 diabetes mellitus

Nauchno-prakticheskii zhurnal «Medicinskaia genetika» ◽

10.25557/2073-7998.2020.02.17-27 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 17-27

Author(s):

Ю.Э. Азарова ◽

Е.Ю. Клёсова ◽

О.Ю. Бушуева ◽

Т.А. Самгина ◽

В.А. Азарова ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Hydrogen Peroxide ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Redox Homeostasis ◽

Fasting Blood Glucose ◽

Recessive Model ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Antioxidant Defense Enzymes

Окислительный стресс служит важной составляющей патогенеза сахарного диабета 2 типа (СД2). Одним из ферментов антиоксидантной защиты является глутатионпероксидаза 2 (GPX2), использующая глутатион в качестве ко-субстрата для восстановления перекиси водорода H2O2 и обладающая наибольшей экспрессией в поджелудочной железе, - органе, имеющем непосредственное отношение к развитию диабета. Тем не менее, данные о связи GPX2 с предрасположенностью к СД2 в литературе отсутствуют. Целью исследования стало изучение ассоциации полиморфного варианта rs4602346 (А>G) в интроне гена GPX2 с риском развития СД2, а также его влияния на показатели редокс-гомеостаза плазмы крови. В исследование включено 3197 неродственных индивидов славянского происхождения, в том числе 1570 пациентов с СД2 и 1609 сопоставимых по полу и возрасту здоровых добровольцев. Генотипирование полиморфизма гена GPX2 проводили методом полимеразной цепной реакции в режиме реального времени с дискриминацией аллелей с помощью TaqMan зондов на термоциклере CFX96 Touch Bio-Rad. Генотип G/G ассоциировался с повышенным риском развития заболевания (OR 1,41, 95%CI 1,02-1,96, р=0,039, рецессивная модель). Выявленная ассоциация сохранила значимость и после введения поправки на пол, возраст и индекс массы тела (ORadj 1,50, 95%CI 1,04-2,16, рadj=0,03). При раздельном сравнении больных СД2 мужчин и женщин с контролем оказалось, что установленная ассоциация rs4902346 была характерна только для мужчин (ORadj 2,09, 95%CIadj 1,22-3,59, рadj=0,0065), в то время как частоты генотипов и аллелей GPX2 больных женщин не отличались от соответствующих показателей здоровых (р>0,05). Оценка редокс-статуса показала увеличение содержания перекиси водорода и снижение уровня общего глутатиона в плазме больных по сравнению с контролем (р<0,05). Корреляционный анализ обнаружил, что уровень перекиси водорода пациентов прямо пропорционален концентрации глюкозы крови натощак. Анализ взаимосвязей между генетическими и биохимическими данными выявил, что генотип G/G rs4902346 ассоциирован со снижением содержания восстановленного глутатиона в плазме больных СД2 женщин (р=0,0086). Таким образом, нами впервые выявлена ассоциация rs4902346 гена GPX2 с развитием СД2 и показаны значительные половые различия в ассоциациях с исследованными фенотипами. Oxidative stress is an important component of the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). Glutathione peroxidase 2 is one of the antioxidant defense enzymes which uses glutathione as a co-substrate to reduce hydrogen peroxide and has the highest expression in the pancreas, an organ that is directly related to the development of diabetes. However, there is no data on the association of GPX2 with a predisposition to T2D. The aim of the study was to investigate the association of rs4602346 (A>G) in the intron of the GPX2 gene with a risk of T2D, as well as the effect of this SNP on blood plasma redox homeostasis. The study included 3197 unrelated individuals of Slavic origin, including 1570 patients with T2D and 1609 age- and sex-matching healthy volunteers. GPX2 gene polymorphism was genotyped using real-time PCR on a CFX96 Touch Bio-Rad thermal cycler. The G/G genotype was associated with an increased risk of the disease (OR 1,41, 95% CI 1,02-1,96, P=0,039, recessive model). The identified association retained its significance even after correction for gender, age, and body mass index (ORadj 1,50, 95% CI 1,04-2,16, Padj=0,03). Gender-stratified analysis revealed that the established association of rs4902346 was characteristic only for diabetic males (ORadj 2,09, 95% CIadj 1,22-3,59, Padj=0,0065), and was not observed in diabetic females (P>0,05). Assessment of redox status showed an increase in the content of hydrogen peroxide and a decrease in the level of total glutathione in the plasma of patients compared with the control (P <0.05). A correlation analysis found that patients’ hydrogen peroxide levels are directly proportional to their fasting blood glucose concentrations. An analysis of the relationships between genetic and biochemical data showed that the G/G genotype rs4902346 is associated with a decrease in the content of reduced glutathione in the plasma of female patients with T2D (P=0,0086). Thus, we identified for the first time the association of rs4902346 with an increased risk of T2D and showed significant gender differences in the associations of the GPX2 gene with the studied phenotypes.

Download Full-text

Patients with type 2 diabetes have an increased demand for pacemaker treatment - a comparison with age- and sex matched controls from the general population.

10.2337/figshare.12818687 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Elina Rautio ◽

Fredrik Gadler ◽

Soffia Gudbjörnsdottir ◽

Stefan Franzén ◽

Lars Rydén ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

General Population ◽

Diabetes Duration ◽

Lipid Lowering ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Age And Sex

Objective: Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus have an increased risk for cardiovascular disease including arrhythmias. The prevalence of bradyarrhythmia and the subsequent need for treatment with pacemakers (PM) is less well explored in a contemporary patient population. The present study explores 1) whether patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus have an increased demand for PM implantation compared with an age- and sex-matched control population without diabetes mellitus; 2) Patient characteristics associated with increased demand of receiving a PM. Methods: In this population-matched registry study a total of 416 247 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus from the Swedish National Diabetes Registry (NDR) and 2 081 235 age and sex-matched controls selected from the general population were included between 1 January 1998 and 31 December 2012 and followed until 31 December 2013. Mean follow-up time was 7 years. Cox’s proportional hazard regression analyses were performed to estimate the demand of PM-treatment and factors identifying patients with such demand. Results: Type 2 diabetes mellitus was associated with increased need of PM-treatment (Hazard ratio (HR) 1.65, 95% CI 1.60-1.69; p<0.0001) which remained (HR 1.56, 95% CI 1.51-1.60; p<0.0001) after adjustments for age, sex, educational level, marital status, country of birth and coronary heart disease. Risk factors for receiving a PM included increasing age, HbA1c, BMI, diabetes duration, blood pressure- and lipid lowering medication. Conclusion: The need for PM treatment is higher in patients with type 2 diabetes than in matched population-based controls. Age, diabetes duration and HbA1c seem to be risk factors for PM treatment.

Download Full-text