scholarly journals Exploring the Role of Fusobacterium nucleatum in Preterm Birth: A Narrative Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (F) ◽  
pp. 253-259
Author(s):  
Biagio Rapone ◽  
Elisabetta Ferrara ◽  
Ilaria Converti ◽  
Matteo Loverro ◽  
Maria Teresa Loverro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Intrauterine Infection ◽  
Fusobacterium Nucleatum ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Oral Microbiome ◽  
Obstetric Outcomes ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Poor Outcomes

In recent years, substantive attention has been drawn to the relationship between oral microbiome homeostatic equilibrium disruption and systemic health, demonstrating the negative impacts of this reciprocal biological interplay. Increasingly, there is a concern over the potential noxious effect of oral microbiome dysbiosis on obstetric poor outcomes, focusing on preterm birth. This epidemiological observation remains unexplained, although biologically plausible mechanism has been proposed. Intrauterine infection has long been associated with adverse pregnancy, when the elicitation of an immune response is determinant. There is evidence that Fusobacterium nucleatum (FN), a Gram-negative anaerobe ubiquitous in the oral cavity, infects the mouse placenta originating in the decidua basalis. Based on the current data in literature, we performed a review to provide resources for the explanation of the potential impact of microbiome dysbiosis on poor obstetric outcomes, focusing on the role of FN.

scholarly journals Utilization of Endoscopic Inoculation in a Mouse Model of Intrauterine Infection-Induced Preterm Birth: Role of Interleukin 1β1

1999 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 1231-1238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonid L. Reznikov ◽  
Giamila Fantuzzi ◽  
Craig H. Selzman ◽  
Brian D. Shames ◽  
Hazel A. Barton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Mouse Model ◽  
Intrauterine Infection

scholarly journals Preterm Birth Is Correlated With Increased Oral Originated Microbiome in the Gut

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunhua Yin ◽  
Jingrui Chen ◽  
Xuena Wu ◽  
Yeling Liu ◽  
Quan He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Preterm Labor ◽  
Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Oral Bacteria ◽  
Gut Bacteria ◽  
Oral Microbiome ◽  
16S Rrna Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Threatened Preterm Labor ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy

BackgroundPreterm birth is one of the leading causes of perinatal morbidity and mortality. Gut microbiome dysbiosis is closely related to adverse pregnancy outcomes. However, the role of the gut microbiome in the pathogenesis of preterm birth remains poorly studied.MethodWe collected fecal samples from 41 women (cases presenting with threatened preterm labor =19, 11 of which delivered preterm; gestational age-matched no-labor controls, all of which delivered at term = 22) were recruited for the study. We performed 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing to compare the composition of the gut microbiome in threatened preterm labor cases and controls and among women who delivered preterm and at term. By annotating taxonomic biomarkers with the Human Oral Microbiome Database, we observed an increased abundance of potential oral-to-gut bacteria in preterm patients.ResultsPatients with preterm birth showed a distinct gut microbiome dysbiosis compared with those who delivered at term. Opportunistic pathogens, particularly Porphyromonas, Streptococcus, Fusobacterium, and Veillonella, were enriched, whereas Coprococcus and Gemmiger were markedly depleted in the preterm group. Most of the enriched bacteria were annotated oral bacteria using the Human Oral Microbiome Database. These potential oral-to-gut bacteria were correlated with clinical parameters that reflected maternal and fetal status.ConclusionsThis study suggests that patients who deliver preterm demonstrate altered gut microbiome that may contain higher common oral bacteria.

СERVICAL INSUFFICIENCY AND GENITAL INFECTION

2021 ◽  
pp. 77-87
Author(s):  
Dolgushina V.F. ◽  
Alikhanova E.S. ◽  
Grafova E.D.
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Premature Birth ◽  
Intrauterine Infection ◽  
Genital Infection ◽  
Cervical Insufficiency ◽  
Root Cause ◽  
Early Preterm Birth ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Despite the availability of diagnostics and modern methods of treatment, preterm birth with cervical insufficiency occurs in 44-57% of cases, while early preterm birth reaches 38,8%. To date, there is no doubt about the connection of premature labor and intraamnial inflammation, the frequency of which in cervical insufficiency reaches 80%. Most researchers are unanimous in the opinion that the ascending route of infection in intraamnial infection is a priority. It has been proven that a decrease in the absolute and relative amount of Lactobacillus spp., A change in the species composition of lactoflora or atypical vaginal colonization associated with premature birth and premature rupture of membranes. Conditionally pathogenic microorganisms of the vaginal biotope with an insufficient number of lactobacilli are capable of producing various proteases that destroy collagen, constituting the basis of connective tissue and determining the elasticity of the membranes, which allows us to consider cervicovaginal infections as one of the mechanisms of premature remodeling of the cervix and rupture of membranes. In that way, it is relevant to study the frequency and structure of genital infection in cervical insufficiency. The analysis of medical literature data, presented in the electronic libraries Elibrary and Pubmed for the last 10 years, devoted to the study of genital infection in cervical insufficiency. The issue of the relationship of cervicovaginal infections with premature remodeling of the cervix of the uterus was discussed, as well as studies on the role of intrauterine infection in the genesis of preterm labor. The results of scientific studies are presented, indicating both the direct influence of cervical incompetence on the risk of intraamnial infection and the root cause of genital infection in the pathogenesis of cervical insufficiency. Convincing data are given that timely diagnosis and treatment of violations of the vaginal biocenosis is one of the significant links in the prevention of premature birth. It is necessary to further study the pathogenetic relationship of cervicovaginal infections and cervical insufficiency.

scholarly journals Prediction of Adverse Pregnancy Outcome Related to Placental Dysfunction Using the sFlt-1/PlGF Ratio: A Narrative Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 81 (08) ◽  
pp. 948-954
Author(s):  
Oliver Graupner ◽  
Christian Enzensberger
Keyword(s):  
Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy Outcome ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Optimal Timing ◽  
Corticosteroid Administration ◽  
Placental Dysfunction ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy ◽  
Plgf Ratio

AbstractThe sFlt-1 (soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1)/PlGF (placental growth factor) ratio is a helpful tool for the prediction and diagnosis of preeclampsia (PE). Current data even show that the ratio has the potential to predict adverse pregnancy outcomes (APO) caused by placental pathologies. The aim of this article is to give a brief overview of recent findings on APO predictions based on the sFlt-1/PlGF ratio. The focus is on obstetric pathologies related to placental dysfunction (PD) such as PE and/or fetal growth restriction (FGR). New uses of the sFlt-1/PlGF ratio as a predictor of APO demonstrate its potential with regard to planning hospitalization and corticosteroid administration and the optimal timing of delivery. However, prospective interventional studies are warranted to define the exact role of the sFlt-1/PlGF ratio as a predictor of adverse pregnancy outcomes caused by placental pathologies.

scholarly journals Pregnancy outcomes among women with thyrotoxicosis a retrospective cohort study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Panwad Harn-a-morn ◽  
Prapai Dejkhamron ◽  
Theera Tongsong ◽  
Suchaya Luewan
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Obstetric Outcomes ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy ◽  
Singleton Pregnancies

Abstract Objective: To compare adverse outcomes between: 1) pregnant women with thyrotoxicosis and low risk pregnancies, 2) pregnant women with thyrotoxicosis requiring no anti-thyroid drug (ATD) and low risk pregnancies, and 3) those treated with methimazole (MMI) and propylthiouracil (PTU)Methods: The medical records of singleton pregnancies with thyrotoxicosis were comprehensively reviewed. Low-risk pregnancies matched for age and parity were randomly recruited as controls. The obstetric outcomes were compared between both groups, and the outcomes of various subgroups of the study group were also compared.Results: A total of 408 pregnant women with thyrotoxicosis were recruited. Compared with the controls, the women of the study group had significantly higher rates of low birth weight (LBW) (23.7% vs 17.7%; p:0.036), preterm birth (19.3% vs 12.3%; p:0.007), preeclampsia (8.5% vs 4.4%; p: 0.019) and cesarean section (21.5% vs 16.0%; p:0.046). In the study group (thyrotoxicosis), 67, 127, and 158 patients were treated with MMI, PTU and no anti-thyroid drug (ATD), respectively. All obstetric outcomes were comparable between the women treated with PTU and those with MMI, and between the controlled and uncontrolled groups. However, women who needed ATD had significantly higher rates of LBW and preterm birth than those without medications.Conclusions: Thyrotoxicosis, whether treated or not needing ATDs, was significantly associated with an increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. Also, active disease, indicated by the need for ATD significantly increased the risk of such adverse outcomes, whereas the patients treated with MMI or PTU had comparable adverse outcomes.

scholarly journals The Role of Periodontopathogens and Oral Microbiome in the Progression of Oral Cancer. A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 367-376
Author(s):  
Julián F. Beltran ◽  
SM Viafara-Garcia ◽  
Alberto P. Labrador ◽  
Johan Basterrechea
Keyword(s):  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Cell Cancer ◽  
Bacterial Chemotaxis ◽  
Fusobacterium Nucleatum ◽  
Oral Bacteria ◽  
Oral Microbiome ◽  
Chronic Periodontal Disease ◽  
Oral Squamous Cell Cancer ◽  
The Relationship

Chronic periodontal disease and oral bacteria dysbiosis can lead to the accumulation of genetic mutations that eventually stimulate Oral Squamous Cell Cancer (OSCC). The annual incidence of OSCC is increasing significantly, and almost half of the cases are diagnosed in an advanced stage. Worldwide there are more than 380,000 new cases diagnosed every year, and a topic of extensive research in the last few years is the alteration of oral bacteria, their compositional changes and microbiome. This review aims to establish the relationship between bacterial dysbiosis and OSCC. Several bacteria implicated in periodontal disease, including Fusobacterium nucleatum, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, and some Streptococcus species, promote angiogenesis, cell proliferation, and alteration in the host defense process; these same bacteria have been present in different stages of OSCC. Our review showed that genes involved in bacterial chemotaxis, the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of the cell wall membrane of gram negatives bacteria, were significantly increased in patients with OSCC. Additionally, some bacterial diversity, particularly with Firmicutes, and Actinobacteria species, has been identified in pre-cancerous stage samples. This review suggests the importance of an early diagnosis and more comprehensive periodontal therapy for patients by the dental care professional.

scholarly journals Obstetric Outcome After Surgical Treatment of Endometriosis: A Review of the Literature

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samantha S. Mooney ◽  
Vanessa Ross ◽  
Catharyn Stern ◽  
Peter A. W. Rogers ◽  
Martin Healey
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Gestational Hypertension ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Placenta Praevia ◽  
Obstetric Outcomes ◽  
Obstetric Outcome ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy ◽  
The Impact

A diagnosis of endometriosis is associated with increased risks of adverse pregnancy outcomes including placenta praevia and preterm birth. Some studies have also suggested associations with gestational hypertension, foetal growth restriction, gestational diabetes, perinatal death, and obstetric haemorrhage. This review aims to assess the impact of pre-pregnancy surgical treatment of endometriosis on future obstetric outcomes. A search of the Medline, Embase and PubMed electronic databases was performed to identify studies reporting pre-pregnancy surgery for endometriosis and subsequent pregnancy outcome compared to controls with unresected endometriosis. Three studies met the inclusion criteria. The studies were heterogenous in design, definition of study groups and outcome measures. All three studies were judged at critical risk of bias. Pre-pregnancy excision of endometriosis was associated with an increased risk of caesarean section in one of two studies, OR 1.72 (95% CI 1.59–1.86) and OR 1.79 (95% CI 0.69–4.64). Placenta praevia rates were also increased in one of two studies OR 2.83 (95% CI 0.56–12.31) and OR 2.04 (95% CI 1.66–2.52). One study found increased risks of preterm birth, small for gestational age, gestational hypertension, and antepartum and postpartum haemorrhage (all p < 0.05) with pre-pregnancy excision of endometriosis. There is insufficient evidence examining the role of pre-pregnancy endometriosis surgery in ameliorating adverse pregnancy outcomes, and thus reliable conclusions cannot be drawn. Prospectively designed studies are needed to assess the relationship between surgical treatments for endometriosis and obstetric outcome and examine potential confounders such as comorbid adenomyosis and infertility.

scholarly journals Glycan cross-feeding drives mutualism betweenFusobacteriumand the vaginal microbiota

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kavita Agarwal ◽  
Lloyd Robinson ◽  
Justin Perry ◽  
Lynne Foster ◽  
Hueylie Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Biochemical Marker ◽  
Intrauterine Infection ◽  
Fusobacterium Nucleatum ◽  
Sialic Acids ◽  
Gardnerella Vaginalis ◽  
Vaginal Microbiome ◽  
Sialidase Activity ◽  
Vaginal Colonization ◽  
Pathogen Colonization

SummaryDysbiosis of the vaginal microbiome is associated with vaginal colonization by potential pathogens includingFusobacterium nucleatum, a bacterium linked with intrauterine infection and preterm birth. However, mechanisms by which such pathogens gain a foothold in the dysbiotic vagina remain obscure. Here we demonstrate that sialidase activity, a biochemical marker of vaginal dysbiosis, promotedF. nucleatumforaging on mammalian sialoglycans, an otherwise inaccessible resource. In mice with sialidase-positive vaginal microbiomes, mutantF. nucleatumunable to consume sialic acids displayed impaired colonization. Furthermore, community- and co-culture experiments showed thatF. nucleatumdid not simply take advantage of sialidase-positive bacteria, but also “gave back” to the community, supporting robust outgrowth of sialidase-producers, includingGardnerella vaginalis. These results illustrate that mutualistic relationships between vaginal bacteria support pathogen colonization and reinforce dysbiosis, adding complexity to the simplistic dogma that the mere absence of “healthy” lactobacilli is what creates a permissive environment for pathogens during dysbiosis.

scholarly journals Pregnancy Outcomes among Women with Intermittent Asthma: A Retrospective Cohort Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 6376
Author(s):  
Phuttipol Chaiprom ◽  
Ratanaporn Sekararithi ◽  
Theera Tongsong ◽  
Kuntharee Traisrisilp
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Obstetric Outcomes ◽  
Asthmatic Attack ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy ◽  
Intermittent Asthma

Background: It is already known that asthma strongly increases risks of poor pregnancy outcomes. We wonder whether intermittent asthma, the least severe form but accounting for the majority of cases, increases such adverse outcomes or not. Therefore, we conducted this study to compare adverse pregnancy outcomes between pregnancies with intermittent asthma and low-risk pregnancies (controls). Methods: The full medical records of pregnancies with intermittent asthma were comprehensively reviewed and low-risk pregnancies were randomly recruited as controls with a ratio of 10:1. The obstetric outcomes were compared between both groups, and the outcomes in the active subgroup of intermittent asthma (defined as at least one asthmatic attack during pregnancy) were also compared with the controls. Results: Of 364 study cases and 3640 controls, the rates of poor outcomes (preterm birth, preeclampsia, fetal growth restriction etc.) were not significantly different. However, cases with active disease slightly, but significantly, increased the risk of low birth weight. Moreover, mean gestational age was significantly lower in the study group. Conclusions: A new insight gained from this study is that intermittent asthma is not associated with poor pregnancy outcomes, but cases with asthmatic attack during pregnancy tended to increase the risk of preterm birth and low birth weight. This information is important for counseling and the planning of antepartum management.

scholarly journals Transmission of Diverse Oral Bacteria to Murine Placenta: Evidence for the Oral Microbiome as a Potential Source of Intrauterine Infection

2010 ◽  
Vol 78 (4) ◽  
pp. 1789-1796 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yann Fardini ◽  
Peter Chung ◽  
Rochelle Dumm ◽  
Nishiant Joshi ◽  
Yiping W. Han
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Intrauterine Infection ◽  
Oral Bacteria ◽  
Oral Microbiome ◽  
Dose Effect ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Subgingival Plaque ◽  
Microbial Infection ◽  
Adverse Pregnancy ◽  
Intrauterine Infections

ABSTRACT Microbial infection of the intrauterine environment is a major cause of preterm birth. The current paradigm indicates that intrauterine infections predominantly originate from the vaginal tract, with the organisms ascending into the sterile uterus. With the improvements in technology, an increasing number of bacterial species have been identified in intrauterine infections that do not belong to the vaginal microflora. We have demonstrated previously that intrauterine infections can originate from the oral cavity following hematogenous transmission. In this study, we begin to systemically examine what proportion of the oral microbiome can translocate to the placenta. Pooled saliva and pooled subgingival plaque samples were injected into pregnant mice through tail veins to mimic bacteremia, which occurs frequently during periodontal infections. The microbial species colonizing the murine placenta were detected using 16S rRNA gene-based PCR and clone analysis. A diverse group of bacterial species were identified, many of which have been associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes in humans although their sources of infection were not determined. Interestingly, the majority of these species were oral commensal organisms. This may be due to a dose effect but may also indicate a unique role of commensal species in intrauterine infection. In addition, a number of species were selectively “enriched” during the translocation, with a higher prevalence in the placenta than in the pooled saliva or subgingival plaque samples. These observations indicate that the placental translocation was species specific. This study provides the first insight into the diversity of oral bacteria associated with intrauterine infection.

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