scholarly journals Levels of Interleukin 6 as a Predictor of Metabolic Syndrome in Schizophrenic Patients Receiving Combination Therapy of Typical and Atypical Antipsychotics

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (B) ◽  
pp. 600-607
Author(s):  
Syamsuddin Saidah ◽  
Lisal T. Sonny ◽  
Haryani Lilik ◽  
Bahar Burhanuddin ◽  
Rasyid Haerani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Combination Therapy ◽  
Heart Association ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Abdominal Circumference ◽  
Antipsychotic Therapy ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
Change In The Mean

BACKGROUND: Schizophrenia is a severe psychiatric disorder that causes disability and is often accompanied by physical illness. Based on the American Heart Association criteria, metabolic syndrome is common in schizophrenic patients, with a prevalence of 43% in Clinical Antipsychotic Trials of Intervention Effectiveness. The metabolic syndrome in patients with schizophrenia results from the side effects of antipsychotics. The metabolic syndrome will also show high levels of IL-6. This situation can have biological implications, which can then affect the health of schizophrenic patients. AIM: This study aims to determine serum IL-6 levels as a predictor of metabolic syndrome in patients with metabolic syndrome due to side effects of using antipsychotic therapy. METHODS: This prospective cohort study was not randomized, with the number of subjects was 28 schizophrenic patients who were evenly divided into two groups, namely, the group receiving atypical and typical combination therapy. Therapy was given to both groups for 3 months, and measurements and checks of bodyweight, abdominal circumference, blood pressure, BMI, TG, GDP, and Il-6 levels were carried out at baseline and 3rd month. Comparative and correlation tests were carried out between groups. RESULTS: Some schizophrenic patients were categorized as metabolic syndrome and not a metabolic syndrome in both therapy groups (p < 0.020). However, atypical antipsychotic drug combinations are more likely to experience the metabolic syndrome. There was a change in the mean Il-6 levels at baseline and the 3rd month in both groups (p < 0.0001). There was a more excellent mean value of IL-6 levels at 3rd month with metabolic syndrome than those without metabolic syndrome. There was a greater mean value of IL-6 levels at third month with metabolic syndrome compared with those without metabolic syndrome in the haloperidol and chlorpromazine groups (p <0.005), the risperidone and clozapine groups (p <0.002). CONCLUSION: Metabolic syndrome is more common in schizophrenic patients receiving atypical than typical combination therapy. The body’s response to the metabolic syndrome results in an increase in IL-6 levels due to an inflammatory process in visceral fat which accumulates due to weight gain due to the administration of antipsychotics. In schizophrenic patients with metabolic syndrome, IL-6 levels are higher than those without metabolic syndrome, so that IL-6 levels can be used as a predictor of metabolic syndrome in schizophrenic patients receiving antipsychotic therapy.

Study Upon the Serum Level of Uric Acid and the Metabolic Syndrome Components

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 1062-1066
Author(s):  
Maria Rada ◽  
Delia Berceanu-Vaduva ◽  
Milan Velimirovici ◽  
Simona Dragan ◽  
Daniel Duda-Seiman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Uric Acid ◽  
Serum Level ◽  
Abdominal Obesity ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Direct Association ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome Components

The serum level of uric acid (UA) appears to be associated with a variety of cardiometabolic risk factors; however, direct association with the metabolic syndrome (MetS) remains controversial. The aim of this study is to investigate the association between serum levels of UA and the components that define MetS, differentiated by gender. 262 patients were enrolled (132 women and 130 men); mean value of the age: 58.7�16 year. Hyperuricemia was considered when the level of serum UA �7mg/dL in men, and � 6mg/dL in women; MetS was defined according to the IDF criteria. The prevalence of MetS in the studied group was 35.11% and the prevalence of hyperuricemia was 16.79%. Men with hyperuricemia had the highest prevalence of abdominal obesity (87.5% vs. 66.32%, p [0.001) and hypertriglyceridemia (65.62% vs. 45.91%, p [ 0.001) versus men with normal level of serum UA. Women with hyperuricemia also had a significantly higher incidence of abdominal obesity (75% vs. 57.51%, p [0.001), hypertriglyceridemia (58.33% vs. 38.33%, p [0.001), decreased HDL (50% vs. 33.33%, p [0.001) and hyperglycemia (66.66% versus 50%, p [0.001) compared to those with normal levels of serum UA. The majority of men with hyperuricemia have more than 4 of the MetS components. Hyperuricemia had a higher prevalence in patients with MetS, it may be considered as a causal factor of MetS. Elevated levels of serum uric acid were significantly more associated with the increasing number of MetS components. Early detection and treatment of hyperuricemia is essential for preventing the metabolic syndrome and its complications.

scholarly journals The Metabolic Syndrome, Biomarkers, and the Acculturation–Health Relationship Among Older Mexican Americans

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (7) ◽  
pp. 1101-1115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hector M. González ◽  
Wassim Tarraf ◽  
Mary N. Haan
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Acculturative Stress ◽  
Mexican Americans ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Heart Association ◽  
Foreign Born ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Developmental Health

Objective: To examine the acculturation–health relationship using metabolic syndrome biomarkers. Method: Cross-sectional sample data. Participants: 1,789 Mexican Americans (60 years and older) from northern California. Main Outcome: Biomarkers (waist circumference, blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose, triglycerides, and high-density lipids) were used to construct the metabolic syndrome indicator using American Heart Association criteria. Main Predictor: Acculturation Rating Scale for Mexican Americans-II scores. Results: Higher acculturation scores were associated with a significantly lower risk for the metabolic syndrome for foreign-born, but not U.S.-born, Mexican Americans. Conclusion: Immigrant health advantages over U.S.-born Mexican Americans are not evident in older adulthood. Higher acculturation was associated with lowered metabolic syndrome risk among older foreign-born Mexican Americans. This suggests that the prevailing acculturative stress hypothesis may not apply to the health of older adults and that any negative relationship between acculturation and health found in younger adults may yield to different developmental health influences in later adulthood.

Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome According to Different Definitions in a Hypertensive Population

Angiology ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eirini Lioudaki ◽  
George E. Vrentzos ◽  
Helen Mavrogeni ◽  
Maria-Helen Zeniodi ◽  
Emmanuel S. Ganotakis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
International Diabetes Federation ◽  
Heart Association ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Mediterranean Country ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Hypertensive Population ◽  
Hypertension Clinic ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Study Results

Aims: The metabolic syndrome (MetS) is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and diabetes mellitus (DM). Several definitions of MetS have been proposed. The aim of the present study was to estimate and compare the prevalence of MetS according to the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP ATP III), American Heart Association-National Heart Lung and Blood Institute (AHA-NHLBI), International Diabetes Federation (IDF) and the more recent Joint Interim Statement (JIS) definitions in patients attending a hypertension clinic. Methods: The records of patients referred to the hypertension clinic at the University Hospital (Heraklion, Crete) from January 2001 to June 2009 were screened retrospectively. A total 384 patients (146 men) were included in the study. Results: The prevalence of MetS according to the IDF and JIS definitions was significantly higher compared with that of the NCEP ATP III in both genders (IDF: P = .009 and P = .002, JIS: P = .002 and P = 0.001 for men and women, respectively); this was the case for the AHA-NHLBI definition only among women ( P = .03). All MetS components differed significantly ( P from < .0001 to .02) between patients with and without MetS for all definitions. Conclusions: The prevalence of MetS varies considerably depending on the definition used in a hypertensive population in a Mediterranean country. These differences will influence risk assessment.

scholarly journals Rimonabant: From RIO to Ban

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amir H. Sam ◽  
Victoria Salem ◽  
Mohammad A. Ghatei
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Receptor Antagonist ◽  
Mood Disorders ◽  
Cb1 Receptor ◽  
Phase 3 ◽  
Mass Market ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Cb1 Receptor Antagonist

Endocannabinoid antagonism as a treatment for obesity and the metabolic syndrome became a hugely anticipated area of pharmacology at the start of the century. The CB1 receptor antagonist Rimonabant entered the European mass market on the back of several trials showing weight loss benefits alongside improvements in numerous other elements of the metabolic syndrome. However, the drug was quickly withdrawn due to the emergence of significant side effects—notably severe mood disorders. This paper provides a brief overview of the Rimonabant story and places the recent spate of FDA rejections of other centrally acting weight loss drugs entering Phase 3 trials in this context.

scholarly journals PENENTUAN DIAGNOSIS SINDROM METABOLIK BERDASARKAN PENILAIAN SKOR SINDROM METABOLIK DAN NCEP ATP-III PADA REMAJA [PENELITIAN DI BEBERAPA SMA DI KOTA BOGOR]

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-28
Author(s):  
Reviana Christijani
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Abdominal Circumference ◽  
Lower Sensitivity ◽  
School Students ◽  
Scoring Method ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Diabetes Melitus

ABSTRACT Metabolic syndrome is a group of several symptoms of metabolic disorders, such as dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, hypertension, dan central obesity. Metabolic syndrome does not only happens to adult, but also to the younger age which has further risk to type 2 diabetes melitus and cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, early detection and management to this syndrome for teenager is extremely important in order to prevent the comorbidities in the future. The aim of this study was to compare the sensitivity and specificity between NCEP-ATP III method and metabolic syndrome score as the examinations to determine the metabolic syndrome. This was a cross sectional study that was held on 2012. This study was held in some senior high schools in Bogor City. The samples of this study were 262 senior high school students with the range of age 15-19 years old and fulfill the inclusion criterias. The collected data were some needed characteristics of the respondents, such as gender, body mass index, abdominal circumference, waist circumference, fasting blood sugar, triglyceride, and blood pressure. This study found that the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in teenager in Bogor City was higher (50,4%) with the NCEP ATP III method than the scoring methods (14,9%). The sensitivity and specificity test found that scoring method had lower sensitivity (<25%) and higher specificity (>96%) . This high specificity showed us that scoring system can be used to strengthen our presumption to metabolic syndrome, instead of diagnosing the metabolic syndrome itself. Keywords: metabolic syndrome, adolescent, diagnostic   ABSTRAK Sindroma metabolik merupakan kumpulan gejala kelainan metabolik tubuh yang mencakup dislipidemia, hiperglikemia, hipertensi, dan obesitas sentral. Sindroma metabolik tidak hanya terjadi pada usia dewasa, tetapi juga usia muda yang berisiko terhadap penyakit diabetes melitus tipe 2 dan penyakit kardiovaskuler. Deteksi dan manajemen dini terhadap permasalahan sindroma metabolik pada remaja sangat penting dan belum banyak dilakukan penelitian. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganilisis perbandingan sensitivitas dan spesifitas pemeriksaan sindroma metabolik yang menggunakan metode penilaian NCEP–ATP III sebagai baku standar dengan metode penilaian dengan skor sindroma metabolik. Disain penelitian ini cross-sectional yang dilakukan pada tahun 2012. Sampel penelitian ini adalah 262 siswa SMA Kota Bogor yang berusia 15-19 tahun dan memenuhi kriteria inklusi yaitu remaja usia15-19 tahun,bersedia ikut dalam penelitian, tidak dalam pengobatan diabetes atau hipertensi serta diijinkan orangtua. Data yang dikumpulkan mencakup jenis kelamin, IMT, lingkar perut, lingkar pinggang, GDP, trigliserida, dan tekanan darah.  Penelitian menghasilkan prevalensi sindroma metabolik pada remaja berdasarkan kriteria NCEP ATP-III sebesar 50,4 persen lebih besar dibandingkan prevalensi berdasarkan metode skoring yaitu 14,9 persen. Hasil uji sensitivitas dan spesifitas didapatkan sindroma metabolik sistem skoring memiliki sensitivitas lebih rendah (<25%) dan spesifitas lebih tinggi di atas (>96%). Spesifitas tinggi ini menunjukan sistem skoring dapat digunakan untuk memperkuat dugaan sindroma metabolik, bukan untuk mendiagnosis adanya sindroma metabolik. [Penel Gizi Makan 2019, 42(1):21-28] Kata kunci: sindroma metabolik, remaja, diagnosis

scholarly journals Second Generation Antipsychotics (SGAs) in Schizophrenic Patients and Bipolar Disorder: Correlation With Metabolic Syndrome (NCEP ATP III(a))

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
Consuelo Roldan Menco ◽  
Anderson Díaz-Pérez ◽  
Zoraida Barrios Puerta
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Mental Illnesses ◽  
Abdominal Circumference ◽  
High Density Lipoproteins ◽  
P Value ◽  
Antipsychotic Treatment ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Second Generation Antipsychotics

INTRODUCTION: The Metabolic Syndrome is a set of diverse clinical situations such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension and dyslipidemia. Patients with mental illnesses such as schizophrenia or bipolar disorder have a higher mortality than the general population attributable in 60% to somatic diseases and metabolic syndrome, where second generation antipsychotics increase the risk of weight gain and insulin resistance. Objectives. Correlate the treatment with second generation antipsychotics (SGAs) as a possible predictor for Metabolic Syndrome according to the NCEP ATP III (a) classification. METHODS: Descriptive, cross-sectional correlational study. The sample was of 92 patients, applying an open and convenience sampling due to the mental state of the patients in order to determine their degree of acceptance to the study (Informed Assent) and consent to the legal guardian as the main inclusion criterion. For the analysis, the following variables were considered: blood pressure, weight, height, abdominal circumference, serum levels of triglycerides, glucose and high density lipoproteins. The SPSS 20.0 &reg; program was used logistic regression analysis with a p-value &lt;0.05 and a confidence level of 95%. RESULTS: SGAs most used was clozapine (54.3%). The correlation analysis showed that sociodemographic aspects such as personal history, habits, physical activity and paraclinical and anthropometric records correlated with the possible diagnosis of metabolic syndrome (p &lt;0.05), but not with SGAs (p&gt; 0.05). ). CONCLUSION: No correlation was found between the presence of the metabolic syndrome and the type of antipsychotic treatment.

scholarly journals Metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance in obese adolescents

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Oliva Gobato ◽  
Ana Carolina J. Vasques ◽  
Mariana Porto Zambon ◽  
Antonio de Azevedo Barros Filho ◽  
Gabriel Hessel
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Cutoff Point ◽  
Abdominal Circumference ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Obese Adolescents ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome

Objective: To verify the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance in obese adolescents and its relationship with different body composition indicators. Methods: A cross-sectional study comprising 79 adolescents aged ten to 18 years old. The assessed body composition indicators were: body mass index (BMI), body fat percentage, abdominal circumference, and subcutaneous fat. The metabolic syndrome was diagnosed according to the criteria proposed by Cook et al. The insulin resistance was determined by the Homeostasis Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) index for values above 3.16. The analysis of ROC curves was used to assess the BMI and the abdominal circumference, aiming to identify the subjects with metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance. The cutoff point corresponded to the percentage above the reference value used to diagnose obesity. Results: The metabolic syndrome was diagnosed in 45.5% of the patients and insulin resistance, in 29.1%. Insulin resistance showed association with HDL-cholesterol (p=0.032) and with metabolic syndrome (p=0.006). All body composition indicators were correlated with insulin resistance (p<0.01). In relation to the cutoff point evaluation, the values of 23.5 and 36.3% above the BMI reference point allowed the identification of insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome. The best cutoff point for abdominal circumference to identify insulin resistance was 40%. Conclusions: All body composition indicators, HDL-cholesterol and metabolic syndrome showed correlation with insulin resistance. The BMI was the most effective anthropometric indicator to identify insulin resistance.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document