Tangshen formula improves inflammation in renal tissue of diabetic nephropathy through SIRT1/NF-κB pathway

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the most significant microvascular complications in diabetic patients. DN is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease, accounting for approximately 50% of incident cases. The current treatment options, such as optimal control of hyperglycemia and elevated blood pressure, are insufficient to prevent its progression. DN has been considered as a nonimmune, metabolic, or hemodynamic glomerular disease initiated by hyperglycemia. However, recent studies suggest that DN is an inflammatory disease, and immune cells related with innate and adaptive immunity, such as macrophage and T cells, might be involved in its development and progression. Although it has been revealed that kidney dendritic cells (DCs) accumulation in the renal tissue of human and animal models of DN require activated T cells in the kidney disease, little is known about the function of DCs in DN. In this review, we describe kidney DCs and their subsets, and the role in the pathogenesis of DN. We also suggest how to improve the kidney outcomes by modulating kidney DCs optimally in the patients with DN.

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Tangshen Formula Attenuates Diabetic Nephropathy by Promoting ABCA1-Mediated Renal Cholesterol Efflux in db/db Mice

Frontiers in Physiology ◽

10.3389/fphys.2018.00343 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Peng Liu ◽

Liang Peng ◽

Haojun Zhang ◽

Patrick Ming-Kuen Tang ◽

Tingting Zhao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetic Nephropathy ◽

Cholesterol Efflux ◽

Tangshen Formula

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Reduction of podocytes number in late diabetic alloxan nephropathy: prevention by glycemic control

Acta Cirurgica Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0102-86502007000500003 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 22 (5) ◽

pp. 337-341 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Célia Sperandéo Macedo ◽

Mauro Masson Lerco ◽

Sônia Maria Capelletti ◽

Reinaldo José Silva ◽

Daniela de Oliveira Pinheiro ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Body Weight ◽

Diabetic Nephropathy ◽

Glycemic Control ◽

Wistar Rats ◽

Treated Group ◽

Renal Tissue ◽

Diabetic Rats ◽

Gbm Thickening ◽

Diabetes Induction

PURPOSE: To determine podocyte number and GBM thickness in diabetic rats either under glycemic control or without glycemic control at 6 and 12 months after diabetes induction. METHODS: 100 wistar rats weighing 200-300g were divided into 6 groups: Normal group (N6 and N12- 25 rats); Diabetic group (D6 and D12- 25 rats), diabetic treated group ( DT 6 and DT 12- 25 rats) on insulin 1,8- 3,0 IU/Kg associated with acarbose (50mg to 100g of food) daily mixed in chow. Alloxan was injected intravenously in a dose of 42 mg/Kg of weight. Body weight, waterintake, 24-h diuresis, glycemia and glucosuria were determined before induction, 7 and 14 days after induction and monthly thereafter. Treatment started at day 14. Three groups were sacrificed at 6 months (N6,D6, DT6) and 3 groups at 12 months (N12, D12, DT12) with the renal tissue being prepared for electron microscopy. RESULTS: Glycemia in DT6¨and in DT12 was significantly different from that in D6 and D12 rats and similar to that in N6 and N12 animals. The number of podocytes in DT6 was not different from that in N6 and D6 (median = 11); the number of podocytes in DT12 (median = 11) differed from that in D12 (median = 8), but not from that in N12 (median = 11). GBM thickness in D6 (0.18 micrometers) was lower than in D12 (0.29 micrometers); while in DT6 (0.16 micrometers) it was lower than in D6 (0.18 micrometers). In DT12 (0.26 micrometers), it was lower than in D12 (0.29 micrometers). CONCLUSION: The control of hyperglycemia prevented GBM thickening in early and late (12 mo) alloxan diabetic nephropathy and podocyte number reduction.

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Regulatory effect of berberine on unbalanced expressions of renal tissue TGF-β1/SnoN and Smad signaling pathway in rats with early diabetic nephropathy

China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica ◽

10.4268/cjcmm20122321 ◽

2012 ◽

Author(s):

LIU Sheng

Keyword(s):

Diabetic Nephropathy ◽

Signaling Pathway ◽

Renal Tissue ◽

Regulatory Effect ◽

Smad Signaling ◽

Smad Signaling Pathway ◽

Early Diabetic Nephropathy ◽

Tgf Β1

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Study on Association of Pentraxin 3 and Diabetic Nephropathy in a Rat Model

Journal of Diabetes Research ◽

10.1155/2018/8968573 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Xuehai Chen ◽

Jiao Luo ◽

Minmin Wu ◽

Zhuo Pan ◽

Yue Xie ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetic Nephropathy ◽

Islet Transplantation ◽

Renal Injury ◽

Microvascular Disease ◽

Renal Tissue ◽

Diabetic Rats ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Tubular Injury ◽

Clinical Progression ◽

Renal Tubular

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a serious microvascular complication of diabetes. Compared with other therapies for diabetic patients, islet transplantation can effectively prevent and reverse diabetes-induced microvascular disease, such as diabetic retinopathy and nephropathy. PTX3 is the only long pentraxin that can be detected in renal tissue. In this study, we investigated the expression of PTX3 when early DN was reversed after islet transplantation.Methods. Diabetes was induced in rats by injecting streptozotocin (STZ). Twelve weeks later, the diabetic rats were divided into 2 groups: the islet transplantation group (IT) and the diabetic nephropathy group (DN). Renal injury, renal function, and the expression of PTX3 in the plasma and the kidneys were assessed with urinalysis, immunohistochemical staining, and Western blot, respectively.Results. The expression of PTX3 in the kidney was significantly decreased in the DN group but increased in the IT group because of the reversal of DN.Conclusions. Our data showed that the level of PTX3 in renal tissue is closely related to renal injury in DN. This may be used to quantify the extent of renal injury in DN, provide a potential early indicator of renal tubular injury in early DN patients, and assess DN clinical progression.

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Tubulointerstitial Biomarkers for Diabetic Nephropathy

Journal of Diabetes Research ◽

10.1155/2018/2852398 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Bancha Satirapoj

Keyword(s):

Diabetic Nephropathy ◽

Tissue Injury ◽

Kidney Injury ◽

Cardiovascular Complications ◽

Renal Tissue ◽

Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein 1 ◽

Neutrophil Gelatinase Associated Lipocalin ◽

Potential Applications ◽

Novel Biomarkers ◽

Kidney Injury Molecule 1

Patients with diabetic nephropathy have a higher risk of mortality, mostly from cardiovascular complications. Standard biomarkers including serum creatinine, estimated glomerular filtration rate, and albuminuria are imprecise, do not directly measure renal tissue injury, and are relatively insensitive to small changes in renal function. Thus, availability of novel biomarkers that are sensitive, specific, and precise as well as able to detect kidney injury and predict clinically significant outcomes would be widely useful in diabetic nephropathy. Novel biomarkers of the processes that induce tubulointerstitial changes may ultimately prove to better predict renal progression and prognosis in type 2 diabetes. Recently, certain biomarkers, which were initially identified in acute kidney injury, also have been reported to confer value in evaluating patients with chronic kidney disease. Biomarkers such as cystatin C, kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), angiotensinogen, periostin, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) reflect tubular injury. In this article, we focused on the potential applications of these biomarkers in diabetic nephropathy.

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Attenuation of Diabetic Nephropathy in Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) Rats with a Combination of Chinese Herbs (Tangshen Formula)

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2011/613737 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 2011 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Haojun Zhang ◽

Ping Li ◽

Frank J. Burczynski ◽

Yuewen Gong ◽

Patrick Choy ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Diabetic Nephropathy ◽

Blood Glucose ◽

Blood Viscosity ◽

Plasma Viscosity ◽

Chinese Herbs ◽

Whole Blood Viscosity ◽

Oletf Rats ◽

Long Evans ◽

Tangshen Formula

Diabetic nephropathy is one of the most significant microvascular complications in patients with type 2 diabetics. The concise mechanism of diabetic nephropathy is unknown and there is no successful treatment. The objective of study was to investigate effects of Chinese herbs (Tangshen Formula) on diabetic nephropathy in Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats. OLETF rats and LETO rats were divided into four groups: LETO control, OLETF diabetics, OLETF diabetics treated with Tangshen Formula, and OLETF diabetics treated with Monopril. Body weight, blood glucose, and 24 h urinary proteins were measured once every four weeks. Blood samples and kidney tissues were obtained for analyses of total cholesterol, triglyceride, whole blood viscosity, plasma viscosity, and pathohistological examination at 36 and 56 weeksrespectively. Untreated OLETF rats displayed diabetic nephropathy over the study period. Treatment of OLETF rats with Tangshen Formula attenuated the increases in blood glucose, body weight, 24 h urinary protein content, serum total cholesterol, whole blood viscosity and plasma viscosity at certain time. Treatment with Tangshen Formula also reduced glomerulosclerotic index and interstitial fibrotic index seen in OLETF rats. In conclusion, Tangshen Formula could attenuate the development of diabetic nephropathy in OLETF rat diabetic model.

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Colchicine attenuates inflammatory cell infiltration and extracellular matrix accumulation in diabetic nephropathy

AJP Renal Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajprenal.90649.2008 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 297 (1) ◽

pp. F200-F209 ◽

Cited By ~ 36

Author(s):

Jin Ji Li ◽

Sun Ha Lee ◽

Dong Ki Kim ◽

Ri Jin ◽

Dong-Sub Jung ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Extracellular Matrix ◽

Diabetic Nephropathy ◽

Mrna Expression ◽

Inflammatory Cell ◽

Renal Tissue ◽

Inflammatory Cell Infiltration ◽

Rt Pcr ◽

Matrix Accumulation

Recent studies have demonstrated that an inflammatory mechanism contributes to the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy (DN). It is also known that colchicine (Col) can prevent various renal injuries via its anti-inflammatory action. However, the effect of colchicine on DN has never been explored. This study was undertaken to elucidate the effect of colchicine on inflammation and extracellular matrix accumulation in DN. In vivo, 64 rats were injected with diluent (C; n = 32) or streptozotocin intraperitoneally (DM, n = 32). Sixteen rats from each group were treated with Col. In vitro, rat mesangial cells and NRK-52E cells were cultured in media with 5.6 mM glucose (NG) or 30 mM glucose (HG) with or without 10−8M Col. Monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) mRNA expression was determined by real-time PCR (RT-PCR), and the levels of MCP-1 in renal tissue and culture media were measured by ELISA. RT-PCR and Western blotting were also performed for intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and fibronectin (FN) mRNA and protein expression, respectively, and immunohistochemical staining (IHC) for ICAM-1, FN, and ED-1 with renal tissue. Twenty-four-hour urinary albumin excretion at 6 wk and 3 mo were significantly higher in DM compared with C rats ( P < 0.05), and colchicine treatment significantly reduced albuminuria in DM rats ( P < 0.05). Col significantly inhibited the increase in MCP-1 mRNA expression and protein levels under diabetic conditions both in vivo and in vitro. ICAM-1 and FN expression showed a similar pattern to the expression of MCP-1. IHC revealed that the number of ED-1(+) cells were significantly higher in DM compared with C kidney ( P < 0.005), and this increase was significantly attenuated by Col treatment ( P < 0.01). In conclusion, Col prevents not only inflammatory cell infiltration via inhibition of enhanced MCP-1 and ICAM-1 expression but also ECM accumulation in DN. These findings provide a new perspective on the renoprotective effects of Col in DN.

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Tiaolipiwei Acupuncture Reduces Albuminuria by Alleviating Podocyte Lesions in a Rat Model of Diabetic Nephropathy

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2018/1913691 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Zhilong Zhang ◽

Xinju Li ◽

Liang Liu ◽

Jiya Sun ◽

Xu Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetic Nephropathy ◽

Rat Model ◽

Morphological Changes ◽

Renal Tissue ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

End Of Treatment ◽

Stage Renal Disease ◽

End Stage ◽

Protein Serum

Background. Diabetic nephropathy is a common and serious complication of diabetes and a major cause of end-stage renal disease. Tiaolipiwei acupuncture is a safe treatment approach that may be effective for lowering albuminuria in diabetic nephropathy. Yet, the exact mechanisms of this therapeutic effect are unclear. Methods. A rodent model of type 2 diabetic nephropathy (T2DN) was induced by a high-fat diet combined with low-dose streptozotocin. T2DN rats were treated with Tiaolipiwei acupuncture (ACU) for 4, 8, or 12 weeks. At the end of treatment, urinary and blood samples were collected for analysis. Transmission electron microscopy was used to observe morphological changes, and protein expression levels of nephrin, CD2AP, podocalyxin, and desmin were quantified in renal tissue. Results. Compared to the T2DN groups, the T2DN + ACU groups showed significant improvements in 24-hour urinary protein, serum urea, cholesterol, and triglycerides at all time points. ACU treatment also improved the density of slit diaphragms. Simultaneously, ACU promoted the renal expression of nephrin, CD2AP, and podocalyxin and decreased the expression of desmin. Conclusion. Our study suggests that Tiaolipiwei acupuncture ameliorates podocyte lesions to reduce albuminuria and prevent the progression of T2DN in a rat model.

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