scholarly journals Re-introduction of the Saker Falcon (Falco cherrug) in Bulgaria - preliminary results from the ongoing establishment phase by 2020

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivanka Lazarova ◽  
Rusko Petrov ◽  
Yana Andonova ◽  
Ivaylo Klisurov ◽  
Andrew Dixon
Keyword(s):  
Captive Breeding ◽  
Current Phase ◽  
Unified Approach ◽  
Breeding Performance ◽  
Active Nest ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
Saker Falcon ◽  
History Of ◽  
Falco Cherrug ◽  
Establishment Phase

Considered extinct as breeding species in the early 2000s, the Saker Falcon was recovered when the first active nest from the new history of the species in Bulgaria was discovered in 2018, formed of two birds that were re-introduced back in 2015. Currently, there is only one confirmed wild breeding pair in the country - the male from 2015 with a female changed in 2020, released again as a part of the programme, in 2016. This is a report on the preliminary results and analysis of the ongoing establishment phase of the re-introduction of the Saker Falcon (Falco cherrug) in Bulgaria - first ever performed for this species in the country and globally. The period studied is 2015-2020. Following the re-introduction activities started in 2011, the current phase is defined by standardised methodology and a unified approach. Analysed and presented are methods for captive breeding and hacking, the breeding performance of the falcons, the number of released individuals, data from the post-fledging dependence period and a model of population growth.

scholarly journals Implications of captive breeding for the reintroduction of the Saker falcon (Falco cherrug) in Bulgaria

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Petrov ◽  
Y. Andonova ◽  
Y. Gancheva ◽  
I. Klisurov
Keyword(s):  
Captive Breeding ◽  
Detailed Comparison ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
European Origin ◽  
Threefold Increase ◽  
Wildlife Rehabilitation ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Saker Falcon ◽  
Falco Cherrug ◽  
Rearing Methods

Abstract. The Saker falcon (Falco cherrug) is a globally endangered species recovered in 2018 in Bulgaria. The only known active pair currently breeding in the wild in the country is made up of captive-bred and released birds, part of the first reintroduction programme for the species in Bulgaria and globally. As part of the project, sourced Saker falcons of known European origin are bred ex situ, the juveniles are parent-reared and released in the wild by means of the hacking method. The aim of this study was to evaluate the success and effectiveness of the captive breeding and rearing methods. The objective of the study was to investigate, compare and assess the results from fertilization, hatching, survival and hacking of captive bred Saker falcons registered over a 10-year period (2011-2021) at the Wildlife Rehabilitation and Breeding Centre (WRBC) Green Balkans, with a more detailed comparison of the breeding activities carried out in 2020 and 2021 (as the reintroduction programme was restarted in 2020). The results show more than threefold increase in output of laid eggs with the employment of the double clutching method in 2020 and 2021, and an overall 65% release rate of the hatched in the WRBC Saker falcons, for the investigated period.

Saker Falcon (Falco cherrug)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaume Orta ◽  
Peter F. D. Boesman ◽  
Chris Sharpe ◽  
Jeffrey S. Marks
Keyword(s):  
Saker Falcon ◽  
Falco Cherrug

Thyroid cystadenocarcinoma in a saker falcon (Falco cherrug)

2001 ◽  
Vol 149 (9) ◽  
pp. 277-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Samour ◽  
J. L. Naldo ◽  
U. Wernery ◽  
J. Kinne
Keyword(s):  
Saker Falcon ◽  
Falco Cherrug

scholarly journals Susceptibility to malaria during the Prevention of Re-establishment phase in Sri Lanka

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamsananthy Jeevatharan ◽  
Wickremasinghe AR
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Wealth Index ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Malaria Parasites ◽  
Overseas Travel ◽  
Imported Cases ◽  
History Of ◽  
Establishment Phase

Abstract BackgroundSusceptibility to malaria is the predisposition of populations to be infectedby malaria parasites.It is influenced by the age-sex composition, parasitaemia, immunity, pregnancy status, type of residency, socio economic status, migration history of the population; broadly biological and generic factors. As imported cases are still being reported and one introduced malaria case was reported in 2018, prevention of re-establishment of malaria is a challenge for Sri Lanka.Addressing susceptibility to malaria is crucial for planning and implementing appropriate interventions to sustain malaria-free status of the country. The aim of this study was to assess susceptibility to malaria during the prevention of re-establishment phase in Sri Lanka.MethodsA national survey was conducted among 3,454 households. A multistage cluster sampling technique was used to select the households. Susceptibility was assessed based on a conceptual framework adapted from Kienberger and Hagenlocher [20], using an interviewer-administered questionnaire administered to heads of households. Basic socio-demographic information, travel history, history of fever and past malaria infections in the preceding three years were collected; in addition, subjects were tested for presence of malaria parasites. Data were analysed using SPSS version 20 package.ResultsThe proportion of population who had been overseas within the last 3 years in the urban sector (4.5%, n=99) was significantly higher than that of the rural (2.8%, n=288) and estate sectors (0.2%, n=2) (χ42=66.103; p<0.001). The proportions reporting overseas travel declined significantly with the wealth index up to the 4th quintile with a slight rise in the 5th quintile (χ82=60.985; P<0.001). There were 177 persons who had fever within the past 2 weeks of the survey. None of the surveyed population had malaria parasites on blood examination.Conclusions Urban and upper socioeconomic class population should be targeted for screening and awareness programmes on prevention of re-establishment of malaria. Travel overseas is the most important criterion to assess susceptibility in an island nation.As susceptibility is a dynamic phenomenon, it should be assessed periodically. Combining it with resilience and receptivity, social vulnerability and risk of re-establishment of malaria could be assessed.

Complete mitochondrial genome of the Saker falcon, Falco cherrug (Falco, Falconidae)

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 3226-3227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Lu ◽  
Jiang Lu ◽  
Xiang-Feng Li ◽  
Hui Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Genome ◽  
Complete Mitochondrial Genome ◽  
Saker Falcon ◽  
Falco Cherrug

Taxonomy, natural history, and conservation of the Great-billed Seed-Finch Sporophila maximiliani (Cabanis, 1851) (Thraupidae, Sporophilinae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4442 (4) ◽  
pp. 551 ◽  
Author(s):  
FLÁVIO KULAIF UBAID ◽  
LUÍS FABIO SILVEIRA ◽  
CESAR A. B. MEDOLAGO ◽  
THIAGO V. V. COSTA ◽  
MERCIVAL ROBERTO FRANCISCO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
South America ◽  
Captive Breeding ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Morphometric Characters ◽  
History Of

Seed-finches are small-sized Neotropical granivorous birds characterized by extremely strong and thick beaks. Among these birds, the Great-billed Seed-Finch Sporophila maximiliani has been selectively and intensively trapped to the extent that has become one of the most endangered bird species in South America, yet its taxonomy remains complex and controversial. Two subspecies have been recognized: S. m. maximiliani (Cabanis, 1851), mainly from the Cerrado of central South America, and S. m. parkesi Olson (= Oryzoborus m. magnirostris), from northeastern South America. Originally, S. m. parkesi was diagnosed as being larger than the Large-billed Seed-Finch, S. c. crassirostris (Gmelin, 1789), but proper comparisons with S. m. maximiliani, which is larger than S. c. crassirostris, were never performed. Here we provide a review of the taxonomic and nomenclatural history of S. maximiliani, reevaluate the validity and taxonomic status of the subspecies based on morphological characters, and significantly revise its geographic distribution. Analyses based on plumage patterns and a Principal Component Analysis of morphometric characters indicated that S. m. parkesi is most appropriately treated as a synonym of the nominate taxon, which results in a monotypic S. maximiliani comprising two disjunct populations. Further, we conducted systematic searches for S. maximiliani in Brazil, in an attempt to obtain natural history information. After more than 6,000 hours of fieldwork in 45 areas of potential and historical occurrence, S. maximiliani was located only in two sites, in marshy environments called veredas, confirming the critical conservation status of this species, at least in Brazil. We discuss the conservation potential for, and the problems involved with, captive breeding of S. maximiliani for reintroduction into the wild. 

Archaeological works to the north of the Great Amun temple at Jebel Barkal (Sudan): preliminary results and new perspectives

2021 ◽  
pp. 36
Author(s):  
Maxim A. Lebedev
Keyword(s):  
Archaeological Research ◽  
Surrounding Area ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
The North ◽  
Actual Nature ◽  
Political Center ◽  
History Of ◽  
Field Season ◽  
Special Mention ◽  
The Temple

The paper presents preliminary results and discusses future perspectives on archaeological research in the area to the north of the Great Amun temple at Jebel Barkal (Napata) in connection to the most recent excavations of elite Meroitic structure B 1700. The field season of 2020 at B 1700 continued to bring to light a new monumental foundation platform of the cellular type constructed for a building which function and meaning remain a subject for debate. The now available data suggest that B 1700 followed the classic Meroitic square plan with rooms arranged around a central columned space, utility chambers on the ground floor, and official areas on the upper floor(s). Paper discusses general features of the exposed plan of B 1700, the process of its construction, recorded archaeological matrix, and finds. Special mention is made of the brick masonry, earlier occupation phase, later activities at the site, and the great pottery dump which was extensively used in the fill of the foundation platform. The author argues that elite building B 1700 was probably constructed at the time of king Natakamani (1 century AD) – one of the most known Kushite rulers of the Classic Meroitic period – and did not continue functioning for more than, probably, one century. The study of B 1700 and its surrounding area has a considerable significance for reconstructing the history of the development of the temple and royal zone to the north of the temenos of the Great Amun temple at Jebel Barkal as well as provide new data on the actual nature of Napata as an economic and political center of Meroitic Kush.  

2. The history of EU institutions:

2021 ◽  
pp. 27-47
Author(s):  
Renaud Dehousse ◽  
Paul Magnette
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Institutional Change ◽  
Current Phase ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The Past ◽  
Constant Change ◽  
History Of ◽  
Five Phases ◽  
The Eu ◽  
Ideas And Institutions

EU institutions have frequently been reformed since the origins of what is now the European Union (EU), and particularly so over the past twenty years. This chapter explains why and how this quasi-constant change has taken place. It begins by identifying five phases in this history: the founding, consolidation, relaunch, adaptation, and the current phase of reaction to functional challenges. The chapter then assesses the respective weight of state interests, ideas, and institutions in the evolution of EU institutions. In retrospect, institutional change in the EU appears to have followed a functionalist logic, leading to complex compromises that, in turn, prompt regular calls for ‘simplification’ and democratization.

scholarly journals Utilization of Natural History Information in Evidence based Herpetoculture: A Proposed Protocol and Case Study with Hydrodynastes gigas (False Water Cobra)

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2021
Author(s):  
Zachary J. Loughman
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Captive Breeding ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Scientific Inference ◽  
New Information ◽  
History Information ◽  
History Of ◽  
Available Information

Herpetocultural practices are based on norms driven by economy of space and time for keepers, with little scientific inference backing their practice. In recent years, a subset of herpetoculturalists have promoted evidence-based husbandry that relies on science and experimental design to generate husbandry practice. A theoretical framework and protocol are proposed herein that enables any individual who has access to the internet the ability to use various outlets of natural history information (scientific literature databases, social media sources, and weather websites) and previously published husbandry reports as evidence to drive the creation of novel herpetocultural practice. A case study is provided which compares readily available information on the care of Hydrodynastes gigas (false water cobra), such as online care sheets for the species, with the proposed evidence based herpetocultural protocol founded on natural history information and published care and captive breeding reports. Results were assessed for protocol efficacy and determined that the natural history informed evidence-based approach increased animal welfare and generated new information specific to the natural history of H. gigas.

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