The Waterston’s evaporatorium of Ceraphronidae (Ceraphronoidea, Hymenoptera): A morphological barcode to a cryptic taxon

The Waterston’s evaporatorium (=Waterston’s organ), a cuticular modification surrounding the opening of an exocrine gland located on metasomal tergite 6, is characterized and examined for taxonomic significance within the parasitoid wasp family Ceraphronidae. Modification of the abdominal musculature and the dorsal vessel are also broadly discussed for the superfamily Ceraphronoidea, with a novel abdominal pulsatory organ for Apocrita being discovered and described for the first time. Cuticular modification of T6, due to the presence of the Waterston’s evaporatorium, provides a character complex that allows for genus- and species-level delimitation in Ceraphronidae. The matching of males and females of a species using morphology, a long standing challenge for the group, is also resolved with this new character set. Phylogenetic analysis including 19 Waterston’s evaporatorium related characters provides support for current generic groupings within the Ceraphronidae and elaborates on previously suggested synapomorphies. Potential function of the Waterston’s organ and its effects on the dorsal vessel are discussed.

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Immature stages of Calycopis bellera (Hewitson) and C. janeirica (Felder) (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae, Theclinae, Eumaeini): Taxonomic significance and new evidence for detritivory

Zootaxa ◽

10.11646/zootaxa.2325.1.4 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 2325 (1) ◽

pp. 39-61 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

MARCELO DUARTE ◽

ROBERT K. ROBBINS

Keyword(s):

Morphological Characters ◽

Sexually Dimorphic ◽

Immature Stages ◽

Taxonomic Significance ◽

Larval Instars ◽

Species Groups ◽

Males And Females ◽

First Time ◽

New Evidence

Details of egg, larval, and pupal morphology are described and illustrated for Calycopis bellera (Hewitson) and C. janeirica (Felder), with a special emphasis on larval chaetotaxy. Wild-caught Calycopis females laid eggs on dead leaves in the laboratory, and the caterpillars successfully completed development on an artificial agar diet to which no leaves were added. Males and females of the sexually dimorphic C. bellera had been previously placed in different genera or different species groups. Calycopis janeirica had been chronically misidentified (and misspelled C. jeneirica). Males and females of this species appear to be correctly associated for the first time. Whereas C. bellera has five larval instars—as reported previously for C. caulonia—C. janeirica has four. Morphological characters of the immatures of C. bellera and C. janeirica are summarized in a table and compared with those of other reared Calycopis species.

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Taxonomic significance of palynomorphological characteristics of selected Centranthus (Caprifoliaceae) species

Hacquetia ◽

10.2478/hacq-2021-0021 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 20 (2) ◽

pp. 243-256

Author(s):

Zoya M. Tsymbalyuk ◽

Daniella Ivanova ◽

Lyudmila M. Nitsenko

Keyword(s):

Pollen Morphology ◽

Pollen Grains ◽

Species Level ◽

Herbarium Specimens ◽

Taxonomic Significance ◽

Specific Identification ◽

Medium Length ◽

Exine Sculpture ◽

Species Specific ◽

First Time

Abstract Pollen morphology of herbarium specimens of four Centranthus species (C. ruber, C. longiflorus, C. kellereri and C. calcitrapae) was studied using LM and SEM. The research aim was to provide data on their pollen characteristics and to evaluate the taxonomic value of these data for species-specific identification. Pollen grains are tricolpate, suboblate to prolate (P/E = 0.81–1.42); medium- or large-sized (P = 49.21–90.44 µm; E = 43.89–93.10 µm). Colpi are long or medium-length, wide at equator, tapered to acute or obtuse ends. Exine sculpture is echinatemicroechinate-nanoechinate; echini (1.00–1.39 µm high) and microechini (0.55–0.98 µm) are conical, with straight or convex sides and acute apices, nanoechini are 0.22–0.46 µm high. Most important characters of taxa diagnostic at species level for the taxonomy are: size of pollen and colpi, exine structure, size of echini and microechini, and pattern of tectum in areas between echini. Pollen grains of C. calcitrapae and C. macrosiphon (sect. Calcitrapa) are generally smaller in size than grains of C. ruber, C. longiflorus and C. kellereri (sect. Centranthus). Pollen of C. kellereri was analysed for the first time in the current study.

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Revisited phylogeny of Bethylinae (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae) solves basal polytomy

Insect Systematics & Evolution ◽

10.1163/1876312x-00002202 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 51 (3) ◽

pp. 296-346

Author(s):

Magno S. Ramos ◽

Celso O. Azevedo

Keyword(s):

Phylogenetic Analysis ◽

Phylogenetic Relationships ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Female Characters ◽

Wing Morphology ◽

Male And Female ◽

Strongly Convex ◽

The Family ◽

Males And Females ◽

First Time

Bethylinae are a morphologically well-defined subfamily of Bethylidae, with remarkable characters, such as strongly convex clypeal carina and bifid and angled tarsal claws. However, there is no consensus about the phylogenetic relationships among the genera within the family, regarding mainly Eupsenella and Lytopsenella. To resolve this problem, a phylogeny of the Bethylinae is inferred based on parsimony analyses separately of 43 and 44 morphological characters for males and females, respectively. We performed combined analyses of both sexes with 49 morphological characters, including genitalia. We present a phylogenetic analysis, including a total 118 species of Bethylinae. Male and female characters were included in these analyses. We discuss wing morphology and deformability of forewings for the first time. In summary, the basal polytomy was solved for the first time. Seven of the eight genera were recovered as monophyletic groups. The unique exception is Goniozus, which was retrieved as paraphyletic in all topologies.

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Primitive cladid crinoids from the early Osagean Burlington Limestone and the phylogenetics of Mississippian species of Cyathocrinites

Journal of Paleontology ◽

10.1017/s002233600004347x ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 77 (1) ◽

pp. 121-138 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Thomas W. Kammer ◽

Forest J. Gahn

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Phylogenetic Analysis ◽

Species Level ◽

East Central ◽

The North ◽

Middle Mississippian ◽

Evolutionary Radiation ◽

Central United States ◽

Morphologic Data ◽

First Time

All 19 known species of the primitive cladid crinoid genera Atelestocrinus, Cyathocrinites, Goniocrinus, Parisocrinus, Pellecrinus, and Zygotocrinus from the early Osagean Burlington Limestone of the North American midcontinent are reviewed and redescribed or, where necessary, redefined. Nine of these species are illustrated for the first time herein. Sixteen are considered valid, including C. deroseari n. sp. Of the remaining three species, one is left in open nomenclature, and two are considered nomen dubia. Pellecrinus is recognized for the first time from the Burlington Limestone, although the specimens can not be identified to the species level and are left in open nomenclature.Cyathocrinites ranges from the Middle Silurian to at least the Middle Mississippian. During the Early Mississippian Cyathocrinites experienced an evolutionary radiation with a maximum diversity of nine species in the Burlington Limestone. Phylogenetic relationships were investigated in a parsimony-based phylogenetic analysis by combining morphologic data from the Burlington species with data from the four other species of Cyathocrinites from the late Osagean and early Meramecian of the east-central United States. The Kinderhookian C. chouteauensis (Miller and Gurley, 1896) served as the outgroup. A phylogenetic analysis of 14 species of Mississippian Cyathocrinites yielded a single most parsimonious tree with a length of 28 steps (C. I. = 0.607, H. I. = 0.392, R. I. = 0.718, R. C. = 0.436). Results of this analysis suggest that at least two major clades existed within Mississippian Cyathocrinites. One clade contains C. sampsoni (Miller, 1891b), C. gilesi (Wachsmuth and Springer, 1878), C. farleyi (Meek and Worthen, 1866), and C. barydactylus (Wachsmuth and Springer, 1878). The second clade contains C. iowensis, C. kelloggi (White, 1862), C. barrisi (Hall, 1861a), C. rigidus, C. deroseari n. sp., C. asperrimus (Springer, 1911), C. lamellosus (White, 1863), and C. harrodi (Wachsmuth and Springer, 1880). Cyathocrinites multibrachiatus forms a polytomy with these two clades. Members of the first clade exhibit a unique overall morphology present only during the Mississippian, suggesting the clade arose during this time. Members of the second clade, plus C. multibrachiatus, exhibit some characters present in Cyathocrinites species as old as the Middle Silurian and, thus, may have its roots among Silurian and Devonian species.

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Lineacoelotes, a new genus of Coelotinae from China (Araneae: Amaurobiidae)

Zootaxa ◽

10.11646/zootaxa.1700.1.1 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 1700 (1) ◽

pp. 1 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

XIANG XU ◽

SHUQIANG LI ◽

XIN-PING WANG

Keyword(s):

Phylogenetic Analysis ◽

New Species ◽

New Genus ◽

Western China ◽

Dorsal Edge ◽

Two New Species ◽

Males And Females ◽

First Time

A new genus of Coelotinae, Lineacoelotes gen. nov., is described. Lineacoelotes includes five species from central and western China. The females of L. bicultratus (Chen, Zhao & Wang, 1991) comb. nov. from Hubei (transferred from Coelotes), the males and females of L. funiushanensis (Hu, Wang & Wang, 1991) comb. nov. from Henan (transferred from Draconarius), the females of L. nitidus (Li & Zhang, 2002) comb. nov. from Hubei (transferred from Coelotes) are redescribed, the males of L. nitidus are described for the first time. Two new species from both males and females, L. longicephalus sp. nov. from Sichuan and L. strenuus sp. nov. from Hubei, are described. The females of this new genus have distinct, unusually long spermathecal heads, and the males have a broad, long patellar apophysis and a strongly modified conductor but lack a lateral tibial apophysis and a conductor dorsal apophysis. Comparison of male palps of Lineacoelotes gen. nov. suggests that none of the modified apophyses on the dorsal edge of the conductor is homologous to the conductor dorsal apophysis found in many other Coelotinae, but this assumption should be tested in a future phylogenetic analysis. As in other Coelotinae, spinnerets of representatives of Lineacoelotes gen. nov. have PMS with 2 cylindrical spigots on the lateral sides and 2 minor ampullate spigots on the middle, and PLS long with 1–2 cylindrical spigots on its base, and the trichobothrium has a transversely striped large hood and a smooth small hood.

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Revision of Pittosporum (Pittosporaceae) in Australia

Australian Systematic Botany ◽

10.1071/sb99021 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 13 (6) ◽

pp. 845 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Lindy W. Cayzer ◽

Michael D. Crisp ◽

Ian R. H. Telford

Keyword(s):

Phylogenetic Analysis ◽

New Genus ◽

Species Level ◽

New Combinations ◽

New Name ◽

First Time ◽

Small Genus

Following a phylogenetic analysis using morphology, Pittosporum is here monographed and recircumscribed as a monophyletic genus, by including the small genus Citriobatus and by excluding a new genus, described in the accompanying paper as Auranticarpa. Within Australia and its associated territories, 20 species are now recognised in Pittosporum, including the four from Citriobatus, three of which are given new combinations (P. spinescens, P. lancifolium and P. multiflorum). Citriobatus linearis requires a new name (P. viscidum). Four species are reinstated or confirmed at species level (P. angustifolium, P. ligustrifolium, P. nativitatis and P. wingii), and P. trilobum is described for the first time.

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Revision of the genus Orthocephalus Fieber, 1858 (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae: Orthotylinae)

Zootaxa ◽

10.11646/zootaxa.2316.1.1 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 2316 (1) ◽

pp. 1-118 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

ANNA A. NAMYATOVA ◽

FEDOR V. KONSTANTINOV

Keyword(s):

Phylogenetic Analysis ◽

Host Plants ◽

Sister Group ◽

Species Level ◽

Sister Group Relationship ◽

Scanning Electron Micrographs ◽

Apical Position ◽

Males And Females ◽

Characteristic Features ◽

Scanning Electron

The Palaearctic genus Orthocephalus Fieber, 1858 is revised. The generic names Anapomella Putshkov, 1961 and Oraniella Reuter, 1894 are synonymized with Orthocephalus Fieber, 1858; providing for three comb. nov. — O. arnoldii (Putshkov, 1961), O. tibialis (Reuter, 1894), and O. tristis (Reuter, 1894). The following new species-level synonymies are established: O. niger Reuter, 1879 = O. bivittatus Fieber, 1864, O. parvulus Reuter, 1891 = O. saltator (Hahn, 1835), and O. beresovskii Reuter, 1906 with all its varieties = O. funestus Jakovlev, 1881. Piezocanum medvedevi Putshkov, 1961 is transferred to Orthocephalus and the replacement name O. putshkovi nom. nov. is proposed to remove the homonymy with O. medvedevi Kiritshenko, 1951. Keys to males and females, and data on distribution and host plants are given for all 23 species of the genus, including Orthocephalus turkmenicus sp. n. (Azerbaijan, Iran, and Turkmenistan). Color digital habitus images and genitalic illustrations are provided of female specimens for all species and males for most of the species. Scanning electron micrographs are used to illustrate characteristic features for Orthocephalus and related groups. A phylogenetic analysis, including 33 taxa and 35 characters, is presented. The main results of this study are support for a sister-group relationship between Orthocephalus and Pachytomella, the monophyly of Orthocephalus as here diagnosed, and the relatively apical position of the clade containing Anapomella arnoldii and Oraniella tibialis within Orthocephalus.

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Taxonomic review and cladistic analysis of Neotropical spider genus Epicratinus Jocqué & Baert, 2005 (Araneae: Zodariidae) with description of eleven new species

Zootaxa ◽

10.11646/zootaxa.4886.1.1 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4886 (1) ◽

pp. 1-77

Author(s):

RICARDO ANTONIO GONÇALVES ◽

ANTONIO DOMINGOS BRESCOVIT

Keyword(s):

Phylogenetic Analysis ◽

Cladistic Analysis ◽

Taxonomic Revision ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Morphological Data ◽

Data Set ◽

Distribution Maps ◽

Character Weighting ◽

Males And Females ◽

First Time

A taxonomic revision and phylogenetic analysis of the spider genus Epicratinus Jocqué & Baert, 2005 is presented. The phylogenetic analysis is based on a data set including 16 Epicratinus species plus 9 outgroups representing by five related zodariid genera and one of them considered most basal as the root. These taxa were scored for 49 morphological characters. Parsimony was used as the optimality criterion and a sensitivity analysis was performed using different character weighting concavities. Five unambiguous synapomorphies support the monophyly of Epicratinus. Some internal clades within the genus are well-supported and their relationships are discussed. Epicratinus includes 16 species, all with males and females. A species identification key and distribution maps are provided for all. New morphological data are also presented for five previously described species. All 16 species occur only in the New World. The following species are transferred to Epicratinus: E. perfidus (Jocqué & Baert), comb. nov. from Tenedos; Epicratinus perfidus Jocqué & Baert comb. nov. and newly synonymized with E. santacruz Grismado & Izquierdo and this last species is treated as the junior synonym. Epicratinus petropolitanus (Mello-Leitão) has the male described for the first time. The following 11 species are newly described as new: E. zangief sp. nov.; E. pegasus sp. nov.; E. pikachu sp. nov.; E. stitch sp. nov.; E. ehonda sp. nov.; E. anakin sp. nov.; E. vader sp. nov.; E. omegarugal sp. nov.; E. zelda sp. nov.; E. dookan sp. nov. and E. mauru sp. nov., all from Brazil.

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A discussion about reproductive modes of Pseudevernia furfuracea based on phylogenetic data

The Lichenologist ◽

10.1017/s0024282909990739 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 42 (4) ◽

pp. 449-460 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Zuzana FERENCOVA ◽

Ruth DEL PRADO ◽

Israel PÉREZ-VARGAS ◽

Consuelo HERNÁNDEZ-PADRÓN ◽

Ana CRESPO

Keyword(s):

Reproductive Strategies ◽

Phylogenetic Reconstruction ◽

Reproductive Mode ◽

Species Level ◽

Taxonomic Significance ◽

Bayesian Analyses ◽

Molecular Analyses ◽

Pseudevernia Furfuracea ◽

The Common ◽

First Time

AbstractTwo asexual reproductive strategies of the common lichen Pseudevernia furfuracea are described. Although the species propagates mainly by isidia, some specimens also show the development of soralia. Morphological, chemical and molecular analyses were performed on three such sorediate specimens from the Canary Islands, Morocco and Turkey. Maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood and Bayesian analyses indicate that: a) sorediate samples represent only a morphological variant of the reproductive mode and b) the separation of taxa (at species level or below) on the basis of their containing either olivetoric acid or physodic and oxyphysodic acids is not appropriate. In addition, a phylogenetic reconstruction of the genus Pseudevernia is presented for the first time. The tree shows two sister monophyletic clades, one containing American species (P. intensa, P. cladonia, P. consocians), and the second encompassing the P. furfuracea samples (including sorediate specimens). The biological and taxonomic significance of soralia in sorediate samples is discussed.

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Phylogeny, taxonomy and distribution of the Neotropical lizard genus Echinosaura (Squamata: Gymnophthalmidae), with the recognition of two new genera in Cercosaurinae

Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society ◽

10.1093/zoolinnean/zlz124 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 189 (1) ◽

pp. 287-314

Author(s):

Juan D Vásquez-Restrepo ◽

Roberto Ibáñez ◽

Santiago J Sánchez-Pacheco ◽

Juan M Daza

Keyword(s):

Phylogenetic Analysis ◽

Central America ◽

Species Level ◽

New Genera ◽

The Family ◽

Taxonomic Changes ◽

Molecular Dataset ◽

Northern South America ◽

Taxonomic Studies ◽

First Time

Abstract The family Gymnophthalmidae is a highly diverse Neotropical lizard clade. Although multiple phylogenetic and taxonomic studies have reshaped our understanding of gymnophthalmid systematics and diversity, many groups remain understudied. This is the case for the cercosaurine genus Echinosaura, which includes eight species of small riparian lizards distributed across lower Central America and northern South America. Here, we present a comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of Echinosaura, including DNA data for all species of the genus for the first time. To rigorously test the relationships of all Echinosaura, we have assembled the largest molecular dataset of cercosaurine lizards to date. Our analysis refutes the monophyly of Echinosaura, with E. apodema and E. sulcarostrum not closely related to the remaining species. To remedy the polyphyly of Echinosaura, we describe two new genera for E. apodema and E. sulcarostrum. Morphological distinctiveness and biogeography further support these taxonomic changes. In light of our phylogenetic results, we review the species-level taxonomy of the redefined Echinosaura based on morphological and genetic variation. We resurrect E. centralis and designate a neotype given the absence of type and topotypic material. In addition, we provide taxonomic accounts for each species and analyse their patterns of geographic distribution.

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