scholarly journals Urban host plant utilisation by the invasive Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Hemiptera, Pentatomidae) in northern Utah

NeoBiota ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 64 ◽  
pp. 87-101
Author(s):  
Mark Cody Holthouse ◽  
Lori R. Spears ◽  
Diane G. Alston
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Great Basin ◽  
Populus Tremuloides ◽  
Salt Lake ◽  
Life Stage ◽  
Dew Point ◽  
Halyomorpha Halys ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Northern Utah

The invasive and highly polyphagous brown marmorated stink bug, Halyomorpha halys (Stål), is a severe agricultural and urban nuisance pest in North America. Since its initial invasion into Utah in 2012, H. halys has become well established in urban and suburban locations along the western foothills of the Wasatch Front in northern Utah. Bordering the Great Basin Desert, this area is unique from other North American locations with H. halys due to its high elevation (> 1200 m), aridity (30-year mean RH = 53.1%; dew point = -1.9 °C) and extreme temperatures (the 30-year mean minimum and maximum in January and July in Salt Lake City range from -3.1 to 3.6 °C and 20.3 to 32.4 °C, respectively). To document which plant species harbour H. halys, surveys were conducted in 17 urban/suburban sites in four counties during 2017 and 2018. Halyomorpha halys was more abundant in Salt Lake and Utah counties than in the more northern counties of Davis and Weber and was found on 53 plant species, nine of which hosted two or more developmental stages in both years. The majority of hosts were in the families Fabaceae, Rosaceae and Sapindaceae. Northern catalpa, Catalpa speciosa (Warder), was the most consistent host, supporting a majority of H. halys detections in all life stages; thus we identify it as a sentinel host. Twenty-nine species were novel hosts for H. halys in North America; of these, Acer ginnala Maxim, Populus tremuloides Michx., Prunus armeniaca × domestica ‘Flavor King’ and Prunus virginiana ‘Schubert’ were detected with two or more life stages of H. halys in both years. Peak populations of H. halys occurred from mid-June to mid-September. We describe H. halys plant utilisation by life stage and seasonal period to aid future detection and management of this invasive insect in the greater Intermountain West region.

scholarly journals Surveys in northern Utah for egg parasitoids of Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) detect Trissolcus japonicus (Ashmead) (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Holthouse ◽  
Zachary Schumm ◽  
Elijah Talamas ◽  
Lori Spears ◽  
Diane Alston
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
North America ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Egg Parasitoids ◽  
Halyomorpha Halys ◽  
Wasp Species ◽  
Egg Masses ◽  
Trissolcus Japonicus ◽  
Northern Utah

The highly polyphagous and invasive brown marmorated stink bug, Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), has become a significant insect pest in North America since its detection in 1996. It was first documented in northern Utah in 2012 and reports of urban nuisance problems and plant damage have since increased. Biological control is the preferred solution to managing H. halys in North America and other invaded regions due to its alignment with integrated pest management and sustainable practices. Native and non-native biological control agents, namely parasitoid wasps, have been assessed for efficacy. Trissolcus japonicus (Ashmead) (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) is an effective egg parasitoid of H. halys in its native range of southeast Asia and has recently been documented parasitising H. halys eggs in North America and Europe. Field surveys for native and exotic egg parasitoids using wild (in situ) and lab-reared H. halys egg masses were conducted in suburban and agricultural sites in northern Utah from June to September 2017–2019. Seven native wasp species in the families Eupelmidae and Scelionidae were discovered guarding H. halys eggs and adult wasps from five of these species completed emergence. Native species had low mean rates of adult emergence from wild (0.5–3.7%) and lab-reared (0–0.4%) egg masses. In 2019, an adventive population of T. japonicus was discovered for the first time in Utah, emerging from 21 of the 106 wild H. halys egg masses found that year, and none from lab-reared eggs. All T. japonicus emerged from egg masses collected on Catalpa speciosa (Warder). Our results support other studies that have observed biological control of H. halys from T. japonicus and improved parasitoid wasp detection with wild as compared to lab-reared H. halys egg masses.

‘And all my children?’

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte Scott
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Life Stage ◽  
Early Modern Period ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Cultural Imagination ◽  
Modern Period

Beginning with an exploration of the role of the child in the cultural imagination, Chapter 1 establishes the formative and revealing ways in which societies identify themselves in relation to how they treat their children. Focusing on Shakespeare and the early modern period, Chapter 1 sets out to determine the emotional, symbolic, and political registers through which children are depicted and discussed. Attending to the different life stages and representations of the child on stage, this chapter sets out the terms of the book’s enquiry: what role do children play in Shakespeare’s plays; how do we recognize them as such—age, status, parental dynamic—and what are the effects of their presence? This chapter focuses on how the early moderns understood the child, as a symbolic figure, a life stage, a form of obligation, a profound bond, and an image of servitude.

scholarly journals Phylogeography of the pallid kangaroo mouse,Microdipodops pallidus: a sand-obligate endemic of the Great Basin, western North America

2008 ◽  
Vol 35 (11) ◽  
pp. 2102-2118 ◽  
Author(s):  
John C. Hafner ◽  
Nathan S. Upham ◽  
Emily Reddington ◽  
Candice W. Torres
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Great Basin ◽  
Western North America

scholarly journals Leap frog in slow motion: Divergent responses of tree species and life stages to climatic warming in Great Basin subalpine forests

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. e442-e457 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian V. Smithers ◽  
Malcolm P. North ◽  
Constance I. Millar ◽  
Andrew M. Latimer
Keyword(s):  
Great Basin ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Slow Motion ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Climatic Warming ◽  
Subalpine Forests

scholarly journals Relationship between Invasive Plant Species and Forest Fauna in Eastern North America

Forests ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 840-852 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie J. Hayes ◽  
Eric J. Holzmueller
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Invasive Plant ◽  
Eastern North America ◽  
Invasive Plant Species

scholarly journals Variación en la abundancia de árboles maderables por efecto de borde en un bosque tropical subcaducifolio

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (1) ◽  
pp. 35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Víctor Abraham Vargas-Vázquez ◽  
Crystian Sadiel Venegas-Barrera ◽  
Arturo Mora-Olivo ◽  
José Guadalupe Martínez-Ávalos ◽  
Eduardo Alanís-Rodríguez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Edge Effect ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Life Stage ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Cedrela Odorata ◽  
Economic Implications ◽  
Bursera Simaruba ◽  
Environmental Requirements ◽  
Guazuma Ulmifolia ◽  
Favorable Conditions

<p><strong>Background: </strong>The edge effect differentially affects the species in their life stages. We analyzed the environmental conditions associated with the abundance by life stage of four species of timber trees on the edge of a subdeciduous tropical forest.<strong></strong></p><p><strong>Hypothesis:</strong> The edges have higher light incidence and temperature, favorable conditions for the seedlings, so it is expected that the edge will have more abundance of seedlings with respect to the forest interior.</p><p><strong>Species under study:</strong> <em>Bursera simaruba</em> (L.) Sarg.<em>, Cedrela odorata</em> L.<em>, Guazuma ulmifolia </em>Lam.<em>, Lysiloma divaricatum </em>(Jacq.) J.F. Macbr.</p><p><strong>Study site and dates:</strong> Reserva de la Biosfera "El Cielo" (Tamaulipas), Mexico. January-December 2016.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The abundance by life stages and environmental conditions were quantified within the gradient. These variables were correlated, in addition the requirements between stages were contrasted and they were associated with the identified environments.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong> <em>Guazuma ulmifolia</em> showed a negative response to the edge effect, while <em>Cedrela</em> <em>odorata</em> responded positively. The environmental requirements differed between the first life stages and adults. The abundance of the seedlings was associated to conditions of higher light incidence.</p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Environmental requirements differentially affect each life stage. The abundance of seedlings increases in conditions of higher light incidence, but not in the rest of the stages, except in <em>C. odorata</em>. The loss of cover and the consequent formation of borders can lead to a reduction in the abundance of these species, with economic implications.

scholarly journals Bile acid production is life-stage and sex-dependent and affected by primer pheromones in the sea lamprey

2021 ◽  
pp. jeb.229476
Author(s):  
Yu-Wen Chung-Davidson ◽  
Ugo Bussy ◽  
Skye D. Fissette ◽  
Anne M. Scott ◽  
Weiming Li
Keyword(s):  
Bile Salt ◽  
Bile Salts ◽  
Life Stage ◽  
Sea Lamprey ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Pheromone Production ◽  
Primer Pheromone ◽  
Petromyzonol Sulfate ◽  
Sea Lampreys ◽  
Primer Pheromones

Pheromonal bile salts are important for sea lampreys (Petromyzon marinus Linnaeus) to complete their life cycle. The synthesis and release of a releaser/primer pheromone 3-keto petromyzonol sulfate (3kPZS) by spermiating males have been well characterized. 3kPZS evokes sexual behaviors in ovulatory females, induces immediate 3kPZS release in spermiating males, and elicits neuroendocrine responses in prespawning adults. Another primer pheromone released by spermiating males, 3-keto allocholic acid (3kACA), antagonizes the neuroendocrine effects of 3kPZS in prespermiating males. However, the effects of 3kACA and 3kPZS on pheromone production in prespawning adults is unclear. To understand the foundation of pheromone production, we examined sea lamprey bile salt levels at different life stages. To investigate the priming effects of 3kACA and 3kPZS, we exposed prespawning adults with vehicle or synthetic 3kACA or 3kPZS. We hypothesized that endogenous bile salt levels were life-stage and sex-dependent, and differentially affected by 3kACA and 3kPZS in prespawning adults. Using ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry, we found that sea lampreys contained distinct mixtures of bile salts in the liver and plasma at different life stages. Males usually contained higher amounts of bile salts than females. Petromyzonamine disulfate was the most abundant C27 bile salt and petromyzonol sulfate was the most abundant C24 bile salt. Waterborne 3kACA and 3kPZS exerted differential effects on bile salt production in the liver and gill, their circulation and clearance in the plasma, and their release into water. We conclude that bile salt levels are life-stage and sex-dependent and differentially affected by primer pheromones.

Geoarchaeological and Paleohydrological Evidence for a Clovis-Age Drought in North America and Its Bearing on Extinction

1991 ◽  
Vol 35 (3-Part1) ◽  
pp. 438-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Vance Haynes
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Great Basin ◽  
Water Table ◽  
Marked Decrease ◽  
Northern Europe ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Human Predation ◽  
Water Table Rise ◽  
Algal Mat ◽  
Game Animals

AbstractAt the Murray Springs Clovis site in southeastern Arizona, stratigraphic and geomorphic evidence indicates that an abnormally low water table 10,900 yr B.P. was followed soon thereafter by a water-table rise accompanied by the deposition of an algal mat (the “black mat”) that buried mammoth tracks, Clovis artifacts, and a well. This water-table fluctuation correlates with pluvial lake fluctuations in the Great Basin during and immediately following Clovis occupation of that region. Many elements of Pleistocene megafauna in North America became extinct during the dry period. Oxygen isotope records show a marked decrease in δ18O correlated with the Younger Dryas cold-dry event of northern Europe which ended 10,750 yr B.P., essentially the same time as the water table began to rise in southeastern Arizona. Clovis hunters may have found large game animals easier prey when concentrated at water holes and under stress. If so, both climate and human predation contributed to Pleistocene extinction in America.

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