scholarly journals Determination of social and economic accessibility of drugs for treatment of Parkinson’s disease on the basis of modern approaches

Pharmacia ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 173-179
Author(s):  
Alla Kotvitska ◽  
Oleksii Prokopenko
Keyword(s):  
Great Britain ◽  
Control Systems ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Retirement Age ◽  
Clinical Protocols ◽  
Government Control ◽  
The Social ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Socially Vulnerable Groups

In the context of the economic crisis, the availability of medicines for the population is one of the key issues facing pharmaceutical sector of healthcare system. Due to the fact of that, the purpose of the work was to study the social and economic accessibility of medicines, since such studies in the future may provide an opportunity for effective input of medicines costs reimbursement system, which will increase their availability, especially for socially vulnerable groups of population. The data analysis of the clinical protocols of Great Britain, Kazakhstan and Ukraine was conducted, and the indicators of social and economic availability within 2014–2018 were calculated. The obtained results indicate an adequate level of availability of medicines for the able-bodied population and, unfortunately, a low level of accessibility of medicines for people of retirement age with a tendency to further descension. These results point the necessity of the further research and development of government control systems and provision of pharmaceutical care for the population.

scholarly journals ANECDOTE AS A SOURCE FOR MUSEUM ANTHROPOLOGY: AN ANALYSIS OF THE SOCIOCULTURAL FUNCTIONS OF MUSEUMS

2021 ◽  
pp. 174-187
Author(s):  
Иван Александрович Гринько
Keyword(s):  
Mass Culture ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Social Anthropology ◽  
Social Functions ◽  
Museum Management ◽  
The Social ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Further Development

Проблема определения социальных функций различных институтов является одной из важнейших для понимания их роли и пути дальнейшего развития. Данная дискуссия отнюдь не носит чисто теоретический характер, наоборот, вопрос о социальном функционале музея является одним из ключевых для их дальнейшего развития. Некоторые исследователи честно признают, что непонимание социальных функций ведет к резкому снижению эффективности работы музеев. В статье анализируются функции музея как социокультурного института на основе такого историко-антропологического источника как анекдот. Эта проблематика, несмотря на свою принципиальную важность, редко анализировалось в антропологическом ключе. Кроме того, взаимосвязь музея и смеховой культуры практически не пользуется вниманием исследователей, хотя данная тема явно имеет большой потенциал. В качестве основного источника для работы был взят массив современных российских анекдотов, к которому для компаративного анализа привлекался массив советских анекдотов. В общей сложности исследовалось более 500 текстов. По итогам исследования можно сделать вывод, что социальные функции музея не ограничиваются традиционными для музеологии вариантами: сохранение наследия, образование и коммуникация. Музей в фольклорных текстах обладает гораздо более широким кругом социальных функций от инструмента символического потребления и валоризации объектов искусства, до пространства эротической игры. Анализ анекдотов, связанных с музеем, показывает, что, несмотря на не самую высокую популярность этого института, в массовой культуре и сознании, в смеховой культуре четко фиксируются его ключевые функции и проблемы. Это еще раз подтверждает важность анализа фольклорных текстов для оценки роли музея в сообществах любого уровня. Данный материал может быть использован для решения самых различных задач музейного менеджмента от оценки эффективности социокультурной деятельности музея до проведения маркетинговых кампаний. The determination of social functions of institute is one of the most difficult issues in social anthropology. This discussion isn’t absolutely theoretical; on the contrary, the issue of the social functionality of the museum is one of the key issues for their further development. Some researchers honestly admit that a lack of understanding of social functions leads to a sharp decline in the effectiveness of museums. The article analyzes the functions of the museum as a sociocultural institution on the basis of such a historical and anthropological source as anecdote. This issue, despite its fundamental importance, has rarely been analyzed in an anthropological vein. In addition, the interconnection between the museum and the culture of laughter has received little attention from researchers, although this topic clearly has great potential. For this research we used block of contemporary Russian anecdotes and the anecdotes of the soviet period (1917–1991) for comparative analysis. Totally more than 500 texts were analyzed. The analysis of the anecdotes associated with the museum shows that, despite the low popularity of this institution, in mass culture and consciousness, in the culture of laughter, its key functions and problems are clearly recorded. This once again confirms the importance of analyzing folklore texts for assessing the role of the museum in communities of any level. This material can be used to solve a variety of problems of museum management, from assessing the effectiveness of the socio-cultural activities of the museum to marketing campaigns.

scholarly journals Jurisdição Constitucional como mecanismo de emancipação social: uma abordagem a partir de decisões da Corte Constitucional colombiana sobre direitos sociais

2020 ◽  
pp. 124-149
Author(s):  
Alessia Barroso Lima Brito Campos Chevitarese ◽  
Ana Borges Coêlho Santos ◽  
Camila Nascimento de Souza
Keyword(s):  
Judicial Review ◽  
Social Situation ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Social Rights ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
The Social ◽  
Socially Vulnerable Groups

RESUMOO artigo tem por objetivo analisar a efetividade da jurisdição constitucional como mecanismo de emancipação social de determinados grupos a partir de decisões da Corte Constitucional colombiana. Nesse sentido, busca-se compreender a tutela dos direitos sociais, conforme o disposto na Constituição Colombiana de 1991, e os desafios de implementação dos direitos previstos, bem como o contexto de desenvolvimento de um protagonismo mais acentuado da Corte Constitucional colombiana. O estudo investiga se as progressistas decisões da citada Corte são capazes de modificar positivamente a situação social de grupos socialmente vulneráveis, com a finalidade de ponderar, nesse contexto, o papel da jurisdição constitucional na efetividade dos direitos sociais dos jurisdicionados.PALAVRAS-CHAVECorte Constitucional da Colômbia. Emancipação social. Efetividade dos direitos sociais. ABSTRACTThe article aims to analyze the effectiveness of judicial review as a mechanism of social emancipation of certain groups based on decisions of the Colombian Constitutional Court on social rights. In this sense, we seek to understand the protection of social rights, in accordance with the Colombian Constitution of 1991 and the challenges of implementing the rights envisaged, as well as the context of developing a more prominent role of the Colombian Constitutional Court. The study investigates whether if the progressive decisions of the aforementioned Court are capable of positively changing the social situation of socially vulnerable groups, in order to consider, in this context, the role of constitutional jurisdiction in the effectiveness of the social rights.KEYWORDSColombian Constitutional Court. Social emancipation. Effectiveness of social rights.

scholarly journals Opinion of low-income families on public support of the population of the Sakhalin Oblast (on the materials of surveys and interviews)

2020 ◽  
pp. 43-52
Author(s):  
Ol'ga Vladimirovna Chudnova
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Public Assistance ◽  
Public Support ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Sociological Research ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Low Income Families ◽  
Socially Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Sakhalin Oblast

The object of this research is the low-income incomplete households of the Sakhalin Oblast. The subject is the current state of trends and peculiarities of the measures of public assistance for the low-income incomplete households of the Sakhalin Oblast. The author gives detailed overview to the main vectors of public assistance of households in the region, and describes the key issues faced by the recipients of public assistance. Special attention is given to the questions of assessment of efficiency of public assistance measures, signifying the prioritized vectors for optimization of this process in the Sakhalin Oblast. The conclusions are based on results of specific sociological research, conducted by the author using surveys and interviews. The research demonstrates that the region is undergoing large-scale efforts on meeting the vital needs of the socially vulnerable groups of the population, but not all measures correspond to the volume, quality and accessibility requirements of low-income incomplete households, and are in need of serious correction and establishing constant monitoring of the efficiency of measures based on feedback from the recipients.

scholarly journals Foreign experience of application of special systems of restitution for damages to health as a result of work accidents and occupational diseases (on the example of Germany and Great Britain) and prospects of borrowing it by Russia

2020 ◽  
pp. 18-32
Author(s):  
Ol'ga Viktorovna Kolesnichenko
Keyword(s):  
Great Britain ◽  
Occupational Diseases ◽  
Legal Doctrine ◽  
Foreign Experience ◽  
Compensation Payment ◽  
Lump Sum ◽  
Legal Nature ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Work Accidents

The subject of this research is the legislation and practice of its implementation, as well as the legal doctrine of Russia, Germany and Great Britain on the existing special systems of compensation for damage inflicted to health as a result of work accidents and occupational diseases. The author examines the special systems of restitution for occupational damage that represent starkly different versions of implementation of basic models developed in global practice (Bismarck and Beveridge). Attention is focused on the key issues of compensation for occupational damage using the legal means available in the Russian Federation. Analysis is conducted on the existing foreign experience on the matter. The author’s special contribution to the research of the topic consists in the statement that for establishing balance within the system of restitution for occupational damage it is necessary to clearly demarcate the three types of compensations: guaranteed social security paid from the budget funds in terms of obligations assumed by government  to support vulnerable population groups; obligations in tort recovered from the tortfeasor, considering the grounds and limits of civil liability; insurance payments, which represent partial coverage of inflicted damage based on the terms of insurance contract. The scientific novelty lies in determination of the prospects for improving the national special system of restitution for occupational damage. It is substantiated that in such system the distribution of losses between different types of compensations should be based on the criteria of preferred form of compensation (payment in kind or financial compensation); legal nature of separate elements of reparation (incapacitation, occupational disease, etc.); type of payments (recurring or lump sum), purpose of compensation; calculation of payments.

scholarly journals The Postretirement Well-Being of Workers With Disabilities

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
April Yanyuan Wu ◽  
Jody Schimmel Hyde
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
Older Workers ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Retirement Age ◽  
Social Security Administration ◽  
Retirement Benefits ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Security Disability ◽  
Better Than

Older workers who develop significant limitations in health or functioning face declines in income and consumption and an increased likelihood of poverty in the years prior to retirement. We assess the extent to which those differences persist after reaching retirement age. We use the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) linked to Social Security Administration (SSA) records to compare the postretirement financial well-being of workers who experienced disability onset during their working years with those who did not, based on their claiming behavior for Social Security disability and retirement benefits. We find that even after full retirement age, gaps that emerged prior to retirement persist; those who experienced disability prior to retirement had lower incomes, were more likely to be in poverty, and had significantly lower wealth. Workers with disabilities who claimed Social Security Disability Insurance (DI) fared better than those who were rejected for such benefits, yet both groups were worse off than those who delayed claiming benefits until they were eligible for Social Security Old Age and Survivors Insurance (OASI) benefits. Our findings indicate that any changes to the Social Security benefit structure must be mindful of the short- and longer term implications for already-vulnerable groups of workers.

Social Stigmatization Among Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) Male and Female Patients

2017 ◽  
pp. 166-176
Author(s):  
Efstratios Papanis ◽  
Myrsine Roumeliotu
Keyword(s):  
Human Papilloma Virus ◽  
Medical Care ◽  
Sexual Contact ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Papilloma Virus ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
The Social ◽  
Socially Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Social Level

There are about 100 types of human papilloma virus which can affect humans. They can be transmitted by sexual contact, no sexual contact, or vertically through transmission from the mother to the infant during delivery and postnatally. Although HPV Inflicts both men and women, the latter seem to be more susceptible to social stigmatization in their community. According to Goffman (1963), “stigma” is a powerful discrediting and tainting social label that changes the way individuals view themselves and are viewed by others. However, although medicine and medical care has made great progress in the field, there is still a lot to be done on the social level, especially regarding socially vulnerable groups (i.e. immigrants, etc.).

scholarly journals Business and Human Rights: Key Issues for Legal Theory

2021 ◽  
pp. 21-47
Author(s):  
Olena Uvarova
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Social Contract ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
The State ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Government Control ◽  
Business And Human Rights ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Social ◽  
Key Issues

Just like the fight against discrimination or other injustice in its time, the sphere ofbusiness and human rights goes through the same stages: the experience of injustice is accumulated –a demand for release from the problem is formed, a demand for a more perfect reality – a requestfor new regulation arises.The article discusses the key issues for the theory of law, conditioned by the formation of thisnew reality. The starting point for consideration is the question of business as a direct addressee ofhuman rights requirements, that is, the operation of human rights without mediation by the state,since one of the defining reasons for the emergence of public expectations, embodied in the conceptof business and human rights, was the inability or in some cases of deliberate unwillingness of thestate to ensure corporate respect for human rights. This, in turn, raises the question of the powerinfluence of business on human rights and the need to revise the concept according to which privateactors in their relations are equal. The imperious nature of the influence of business also means thatthere is a revision of the social contract, the parties to which were previously considered society andthe state, and therefore the need to legitimize such power of business, substantive and procedural. Even in a situation where the state exercises effective control over the business operations, therequirement of legitimation is relevant, since there is a space free from state legal regulation. Objectively,the state cannot (and should not) regulate all aspects of the functioning of economic entities; thespace for self-regulation always remains. Business, by understanding its internal processes, is betterable to identify risks to human rights and minimize them. The state can only react to the violationof human rights that has occurred.The demand for business to fulfill its human rights obligations is particularly heightened ina situation where government control over its activities is absent or ineffective. Such situations arepossible in the case of a weak nature of state power or its inconsistent policy in the field of humanrights (in particular, investment projects may not be assessed by the state in terms of their impacton human rights) or in a situation of an undemocratic political regime, when the state itself violateshuman rights. and business is directly or indirectly involved in such violations. It is also possible thatthe state does not have sufficient leverage over business. Transnational corporations are a classicexample of this situation. The lack of effective state control can also be explained by the oligarchicstructure of the economy.Accordingly, the concept of business and human rights, being a response to modern challenges of“unfair social experience”, forces us to reconsider the classical views on the addressees of human rightsdemands, the mechanism of operation of the rule of law, the requirements of which should applyto private actors and, in general, to reconsider the social contract taking into account the significantimpact that business has on the organization of life in modern society.

DETERMINATION OF THE JUICE EVAPORATION MATHEMATICAL MODELS EFFICIENCY FOR AUTOMATED PROCESS CONTROL SYSTEMS

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
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Keyword(s):  
Process Control ◽  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Control Systems ◽  
Process Control Systems ◽  
Automated Process

Disability as a social phenomenon

2020 ◽  
pp. 22-38
Author(s):  
Natalia Guseva ◽  
Vitaliy Berdutin
Keyword(s):  
Social Protection ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Stage Model ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Rehabilitation Programs ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Social ◽  
Consistent Solution ◽  
First Time

At present, the problem of establishing disability is a point at issue in Russia. Despite the fact that medical criteria for disability are being developed very actively, high-quality methods for assessing social hallmarks are still lacking. Since disability is a phenomenon inherent in any society, each state forms a social and economic policy for people with disabilities in accordance with its level of development, priorities and opportunities. We have proposed a three-stage model, which includes a system for the consistent solution of the main tasks aimed at studying the causes and consequences of the problems encountered today in the social protection of citizens with health problems. The article shows why the existing approaches to the determination of disability and rehabilitation programs do not correspond to the current state of Russian society and why a decrease in the rate of persons recognized as disabled for the first time does not indicate an improvement in the health of the population. The authors proposed a number of measures with a view to correcting the situation according to the results of the study.

The 2016 Police and Crime Commissioner elections

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 41-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Joyce
Keyword(s):  
Public Awareness ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Source Material ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Social ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Government

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyse the 2016 elections for Police and Crime Commissioners (PCCs) and to compare them with those that took place in 2012. It seeks to evaluate the background of the candidates who stood for office in 2016, the policies that they put forward, the results of the contests and the implications of the 2016 experience for future PCC elections. Design/methodology/approach This paper is based around several key themes – the profile of candidates who stood for election, preparations conducted prior to the contests taking place, the election campaign and issues raised during the contests, the results and the profile of elected candidates. The paper is based upon documentary research, making particular use of primary source material. Findings The research establishes that affiliation to a political party became the main route for successful candidates in 2016 and that local issues related to low-level criminality will dominate the future policing agenda. It establishes that although turnout was higher than in 2012, it remains low and that further consideration needs to be devoted to initiatives to address this for future PCC election contests. Research limitations/implications The research focusses on the 2016 elections and identifies a number of key issues that emerged during the campaign affecting the conduct of the contests which have a bearing on future PCC elections. It treats these elections as a bespoke topic and does not seek to place them within the broader context of the development of the office of PCC. Practical implications The research suggests that in order to boost voter participation in future PCC election contests, PCCs need to consider further means to advertise the importance of the role they perform and that the government should play a larger financial role in funding publicity for these elections and consider changing the method of election. Social implications The rationale for introducing PCCs was to empower the public in each police force area. However, issues that include the enhanced importance of political affiliation as a criteria for election in 2016 and the social unrepresentative nature of those who stood for election and those who secured election to this office in these contests coupled with shortcomings related to public awareness of both the role of PCCs and the timing of election contests threaten to undermine this objective. Originality/value The extensive use of primary source material ensures that the subject matter is original and its interpretation is informed by an academic perspective.

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