scholarly journals Home at last III: Transferring Uechtritzia and Asian Gerbera species into Oreoseris (Compositae, Mutisieae)

PhytoKeys ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 96 ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaodan Xu ◽  
Wei Zheng ◽  
Vicki A. Funk ◽  
Kexin Li ◽  
Jie Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Pollen Grain ◽  
Epidermal Surface ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Nuclear Its ◽  
Pollen Grain Size ◽  
Ray Florets ◽  
Grain Size And Shape ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic Data

Recently the Asian Gerbera species were shown to form a clade that was not the sister group of the African Gerbera. In this study, the position of the Asian Gerbera species was further assessed based on morphology and molecular phylogenetic analyses that included six Asian Gerbera and 26 other species from the Gerbera-complex. Morphological results showed that the six Asian Gerbera species, which were sampled, bear leaves with the adaxial epidermal surface lacking stomates, possess bracteate scapes and lack inner ray florets. These characters suggest that the Asian Gerbera species are most closely related to the species of Uechtritzia, which also share similar pollen grain size and shape with the Asian Gerbera, rather than to the African Gerbera. Furthermore, the phylogenetic results based on two nuclear (ITS and ETS) and three chloroplast (trnL–trnF, trnL–rpl32 and trnC–petN) sequences strongly support the Asian Gerbera and Uechtritzia forming a clade, with the latter nested within the Asian Gerbera species. Both morphological and molecular phylogenetic data thus confirmed the taxonomic identity of the Asian Gerbera and Uechtritzia. The authors herein formally treat the nine species of the Asian Gerbera and the three species of Uechtritzia as members of the genus Oreoseris, which is the earliest generic name of this lineage and has the nomenclatural priority.

scholarly journals Discovery of a new family of amphibians from northeast India with ancient links to Africa

2012 ◽  
Vol 279 (1737) ◽  
pp. 2396-2401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachunliu G. Kamei ◽  
Diego San Mauro ◽  
David J. Gower ◽  
Ines Van Bocxlaer ◽  
Emma Sherratt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Northeast India ◽  
Sister Group Relationship ◽  
New Family ◽  
Ancient Lineage ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Threatened Habitats

The limbless, primarily soil-dwelling and tropical caecilian amphibians (Gymnophiona) comprise the least known order of tetrapods. On the basis of unprecedented extensive fieldwork, we report the discovery of a previously overlooked, ancient lineage and radiation of caecilians from threatened habitats in the underexplored states of northeast India. Molecular phylogenetic analyses of mitogenomic and nuclear DNA sequences, and comparative cranial anatomy indicate an unexpected sister-group relationship with the exclusively African family Herpelidae. Relaxed molecular clock analyses indicate that these lineages diverged in the Early Cretaceous, about 140 Ma. The discovery adds a major branch to the amphibian tree of life and sheds light on both the evolution and biogeography of caecilians and the biotic history of northeast India—an area generally interpreted as a gateway between biodiversity hotspots rather than a distinct biogeographic unit with its own ancient endemics. Because of its distinctive morphology, inferred age and phylogenetic relationships, we recognize the newly discovered caecilian radiation as a new family of modern amphibians.

scholarly journals Taxonomic reassessment of the Indo-Pacific Scytosiphonaceae (Phaeophyceae): Hydroclathrus rapanuii sp. nov. and Chnoospora minima from Easter Island, with proposal of Dactylosiphon gen. nov. and Pseudochnoospora gen. nov.

2018 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilfred John E. Santiañez ◽  
Erasmo C. Macaya ◽  
Kyung Min Lee ◽  
Ga Youn Cho ◽  
Sung Min Boo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Ocean ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Easter Island ◽  
New Genera ◽  
Monotypic Genus ◽  
Southeastern Pacific ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Thin Membranes ◽  
Hydroclathrus Clathratus ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic Data

AbstractA new and putatively endemic species ofHydroclathrus,Hydroclathrus rapanuii, is described from the geographically isolated Easter Island in the southeastern Pacific based on morphological and molecular phylogenetic data. It is distinguished from otherHydroclathrusby thalli of unevenly furrowed thin membranes, and angular, block-like plurangial sori. Our phylogenetic analyses indicated thatH. rapanuiiis closely related to the generitypeHydroclathrus clathratus. We also report on the morphology and phylogeny ofChnoospora minimafrom Easter I. and elsewhere in the Indo-Pacific Ocean, noting the previously unreported presence of hollow portions in its medulla. Although not collected from Easter I., we herein propose the recognition of two new genera,Dactylosiphongen. nov. andPseudochnoosporagen. nov., based on our three-gene phylogeny and their known morphologies and anatomies.Dactylosiphonis based on the three species currently assigned toColpomenia(C. bullosa,C. durvillei, andC. wynnei) that are genetically and morphologically (i.e. thalli with erect and finger-like tubes arising from a common saccate base) distinct from other members ofColpomenia. The monotypic genusPseudochnoosporais represented by the decumbent, branching, and inter-adhesive species currently known asChnoospora implexa. With the above proposals, we further increase the genus-level diversity of Scytosiphonaceae in the Indo-Pacific Ocean.

scholarly journals Semiaquilegia danxiashanensis (Ranunculaceae), a new species from Danxia Shan in Guangdong, southern China

Phytotaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 405 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
JIAN-JUN ZHOU ◽  
ZHANG-PING HUANG ◽  
JIA-HUI LI ◽  
SCOTT HODGES ◽  
WEI-SHENG DENG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Separate Species ◽  
F Region ◽  
Phylogenetic Studies ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Nuclear Its ◽  
A New Species ◽  
Northern Guangdong

Based on morphological and molecular phylogenetic studies, Semiaquilegia danxiashanensis, a new species from Danxia Shan in northern Guangdong, southern China, is described and illustrated. This species is easily distinguishable from each of other three known species in the genus by characters of the flowers and fruits. In addition, molecular phylogenetic analyses of both the nuclear ITS and the plastid trnL-F region strongly supported S. danxiashanensis as a separate species from other species of Semiaquilegia. We provide a detailed morphological and habitat description, distribution, as well as colour photographs and illustrations of the new species.

scholarly journals Speciation in the genera Anthericum and Chlorophytum (Asparagaceae) in Ethiopia—a molecular phylogenetic approach

Phytotaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 297 (2) ◽  
pp. 139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte Sletten Bjorå ◽  
MARTE ELDEN ◽  
INGER NORDAL ◽  
ANNE K. BRYSTING ◽  
TESFAYE AWAS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Group Relations ◽  
Variation Patterns ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Lowland Area ◽  
A New Species ◽  
Scanning Electron

Sister group relations of Ethiopian species of Anthericum and Chlorophytum and variation patterns in the C. gallabatense and C. comosum complexes were studied using molecular phylogenetic analyses, morphometrics, and scanning electron microscopy of seed surfaces. Results indicate that molecular data largely support previous morphological conclusions, and that speciation has occurred in Ethiopia at least three times in Anthericum and repeatedly within different subclades of Chlorophytum. Areas particularly rich in endemic species are the lowland area around Bale Mountains in SE Ethiopia and in the Beninshangul Gumuz regional state in W Ethiopia near the border to Sudan. A new species, Chlorophytum mamillatum Elden & Nordal, is described, and the names C. tordense and C. tetraphyllum are re-instated.

Molecular phylogenetics of the Onobrychis genus (Fabaceae: Papilionoideae) using ITS and trnL–trnF DNA sequence data

2014 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 235 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Safaei Chaei Kar ◽  
F. Ghanavati ◽  
M. R. Naghavi ◽  
H. Amirabadi-zade ◽  
R. Rabiee
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequence ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetics ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Dna Sequence Data ◽  
Group I ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Nuclear Its ◽  
Cultivated Species ◽  
Relationship Of

Onobrychis, comprising more than 130 species, is a genus of the family Fabaceae. At this time, the interspecies relationship of this biologically important genus is still a subject of great discussion and debate. To help resolve this disagreement, we used molecular phylogeny to analyse internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and trnL–trnF sequences of 76 species of Onobrychis. Bayesian interference, maximum parsimony and maximum likelihood analyses of nuclear ITS and plastid trnL–trnF DNA sequence data generated trees with strong posterior probability for two groups: Onobrychis subgen. Sisyrosema (including: Heliobrychis, Hymenobrychis, Afghanicae and Anthyllium sections) along with Laxiflorae section in Group I and Onobrychis subgen. Onobrychis (except Laxiflorae section) in the other (Group II). The Laxiflorae section roots back to the ancestral node for Sisyrosema subgen. O. viciifolia (cultivated species), which is closely associated with O. cyri var. cyri, suggesting that the latter may be a wild progenitor of O. viciifolia. The present study supported the paraphyly of subgenera Onobrychis and Sisyrosema. The study proposed the paraphyletic nature of the sections Onobrychis, Dendrobrychis, Heliobrychis and Hymenobrychis. Together with our molecular phylogenetic analyses we present a review of Onobrychis morphology and discuss and compare our results with those of earlier morphological and molecular phylogenetic analyses.

Melanoleuca kashmirensis sp. nov. in subg. Urticocystis from Pakistan

Phytotaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 434 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-100
Author(s):  
ZIA ULLAH ◽  
RUBAB KHURSHED ◽  
MUHAMMAD BINYAMIN KHAN ◽  
ISRAR AHMAD ◽  
SANA JABEEN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
New Taxon ◽  
Line Drawings ◽  
Phylogenetic Data ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
A New Species ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic Data

During this investigation, a new species of Melanoleuca subg. Urticocystis with urticiform cheilocystidia is proposed. The identification is based on morphological characters and molecular phylogenetic analyses using ITS and 28S sequences. A comparison of the morphological features and molecular phylogenetic data with the taxa of subg. Urticocystis confirms the identity of the species as a new taxon. The detailed descriptions, line drawings and phylogenetic results are given.

scholarly journals The Bacterial Community in the Gut of the Cockroach Shelfordella lateralis Reflects the Close Evolutionary Relatedness of Cockroaches and Termites

2012 ◽  
Vol 78 (8) ◽  
pp. 2758-2767 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Schauer ◽  
Claire L. Thompson ◽  
Andreas Brune
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Rflp Analysis ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Evolutionary Relatedness ◽  
Termite Gut ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Metabolic Activities

ABSTRACTTermites and cockroaches are closely related, with molecular phylogenetic analyses even placing termites within the radiation of cockroaches. The intestinal tract of wood-feeding termites harbors a remarkably diverse microbial community that is essential for the digestion of lignocellulose. However, surprisingly little is known about the gut microbiota of their closest relatives, the omnivorous cockroaches. Here, we present a combined characterization of physiological parameters, metabolic activities, and bacterial microbiota in the gut ofShelfordella lateralis, a representative of the cockroach family Blattidae, the sister group of termites. We compared the bacterial communities within each gut compartment using terminal-restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) analysis and made a 16S rRNA gene clone library of the microbiota in the colon—the dilated part of the hindgut with the highest density and diversity of bacteria. The colonic community was dominated by members of theBacteroidetes,Firmicutes(mainlyClostridia), and someDeltaproteobacteria. SpirochaetesandFibrobacteres, which are abundant members of termite gut communities, were conspicuously absent. Nevertheless, detailed phylogenetic analysis revealed that many of the clones from the cockroach colon clustered with sequences previously obtained from the termite gut, which indicated that the composition of the bacterial community reflects at least in part the phylogeny of the host.

A revision of the genus Seligeria (Seligeriaceae, Bryophyta) in Russia inferred from molecular data

Phytotaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 323 (1) ◽  
pp. 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
VLADIMIR E. FEDOSOV ◽  
ALINA V. FEDOROVA ◽  
ELENA A. IGNATOVA ◽  
MICHAEL S. IGNATOV
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Data ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Phylogenetic Group ◽  
Undescribed Species ◽  
Dna Sequence Data ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Nuclear Its ◽  
Sister Relationships ◽  
Central Strand

The genus Seligeria is revised based on morphological and DNA sequence data of nuclear ITS and chloroplastic trnL-F. Fifteen species from most infrageneric units of the genus are recovered in two well supported phylogenetic clusters that are also distinctive in morphology. The clade with the type species of the genus, S. pusilla, includes also S. donniana, S. brevifolia, S. calcarea, S. patula, S. tristichoides, S. trifaria, and S. oelandica. These species are characterized by short, cupulate or turbinate capsules widened towards the mouth, and the lack of a stem central strand. Another clade includes species with rather long, mainly ovate to cylindrical capsules and more or less developed stem central strand: S. campylopoda, S. recurvata, S. subimmersa, S. diversifolia, and S. polaris. These two clusters do not show sister relationships, but the second one appears more closely related to the Blindia clade. To resolve the apparent paraphyly, the latter phylogenetic group is segregated in a genus Blindiadelphus. In some aspects of morphology and ecology it is intermediate between Seligeria s. str. and Blindia, but differs from both genera in subquadrate upper leaf cells and thin- to moderately thick-walled rectangular exothecial cells. Molecular phylogenetic analyses revealed heterogeneity within the specimens previously referred to Blindiadelphus campylopodus, indicating a presence in Asian Russia of an undescribed species that is described here as Blindiadelphus sibiricus. It differs from B. campylopodus by the larger spores and typically rounded leaf apices. The isotype specimen of S. galinae appeared to be nearly identical to S. donniana in the sequences of ITS and trnL-F, and examination of morphology revealed no substantial differences between these species. Thus, we consider S. galinae as a synonym of S. donniana. The genus Blindiadelphus includes species of Seligeria subg. Blindiadelphus and S. subg. Cyrtoseligeria, which however are found intermingled in the molecular phylogenetic analysis. Thus the genus Blindiadelphus is accepted without any infrageneric taxa. The phylogenetic tree is congruent with the subdivision of the genus Seligeria s.str into subg. Seligeria, subg. Anodon, subg. Megalosporia and one newly established subgenus Robustidontia for S. brevifolia.

Description of Tottonophyes enigmatica gen. nov., sp. nov. (Hydrozoa, Siphonophora, Calycophorae), with a reappraisal of the function and homology of nectophoral canals

Zootaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4415 (3) ◽  
pp. 452 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. R. PUGH ◽  
C.W. DUNN ◽  
S.H.D. HADDOCK
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
The Other ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Unique Combination ◽  
New Family ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Distinct Morphology ◽  
A New Species

A new species of calycophoran siphonophore, Tottonophyes enigmatica gen. nov, sp. nov., is described. It has a unique combination of traits, some shared with prayomorphs (including two rounded nectophores) and some with clausophyid diphyomorphs (the nectophores are dissimilar, with one slightly larger and slightly to the anterior of the other, and both possess a somatocyst). Molecular phylogenetic analyses indicate that the new species is the sister group to all other diphyomorphs. A new family, Tottonophyidae, is established for it. Its phylogenetic position and distinct morphology help clarify diphyomorph evolution. The function and homology of the nectophoral canals and somatocyst is also re-examined and further clarification is given to their nomenclature.

Molecular phylogenetic insights into the evolution of Eriosema (Fabaceae): a recent tropical savanna-adapted genus

2020 ◽  
Vol 194 (4) ◽  
pp. 439-459
Author(s):  
Elisa Silva Cândido ◽  
Mohammad Vatanparast ◽  
Wanderleia de Vargas ◽  
Luísa M P A Bezerra ◽  
Gwilym P Lewis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Divergence Time ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
South American ◽  
Tropical Savanna ◽  
African Species ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Nuclear Its ◽  
Combined Data

Abstract Eriosema comprises c. 150 species and has a pantropical distribution and two centres of diversity, Africa and America. The species occur in tropical savannas and grasslands, including the cerrado in Brazil. They have adapted to these environments by developing specialized underground organs, and an abundance of trichomes. Here we present the first comprehensive molecular phylogenetic analysis of Eriosema, including species from its entire distribution range and generating 391 new DNA sequences. We sampled 140 species from nine genera of Cajaninae, of which 94 (60% of the genus) were Eriosema. Our analyses were based on the nuclear ITS and plastid rpl32 and trnQ regions, and used maximum likelihood and Bayesian phylogenetic analyses of individual and combined data sets. In all analyses, Eriosema was resolved as monophyletic, but its interspecific relationships are not well resolved. Rhynchosia is not monophyletic, and some African Rhynchosia spp. emerged together as sister to Eriosema. Our study supports the monophyly of Adenodolichos, Dunbaria, Flemingia and Cajanus, but Chrysoscias and Bolusafra formed a clade that is sister to a group of Rhynchosia spp. Paracalyx was resolved as paraphyletic and nested among African Rhynchosia spp. Divergence time analysis suggested that the Eriosema lineages diverged 6.5–10.7 Mya. Two major lineages have diversified in Eriosema, one including most of the African species (4.41–6.68 Mya), the other mainly composed of the South American cerrado species (3.56–5.78 Mya). These results revealed that Eriosema is a recent and tropical savanna-adapted group, and its diversification occurred in the late Miocene in parallel with the expansion of C4 grasslands.

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