scholarly journals Annotated checklist for stony corals of American Sāmoa with reference to mesophotic depth records

ZooKeys ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 849 ◽  
pp. 1-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony D. Montgomery ◽  
Douglas Fenner ◽  
Robert J. Toonen
Keyword(s):  
Coral Species ◽  
American Samoa ◽  
Iucn Red List ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Additional Species ◽  
Stony Corals ◽  
The Us ◽  
Candidate Species ◽  
Us Endangered Species Act ◽  
Annotated Checklist

An annotated checklist of the stony corals (Scleractinia, Milleporidae, Stylasteridae, and Helioporidae) of American Sāmoa is presented. A total of 377 valid species has been reported from American Sāmoa with 342 species considered either present (251) or possibly present (91). Of these 342 species, 66 have a recorded geographical range extension and 90 have been reported from mesophotic depths (30–150 m). Additionally, four new species records (AcanthastreasubechinataVeron, 2000,FavitesparaflexuosusVeron, 2000,EchinophylliaechinoporoidesVeron & Pichon, 1980,TurbinariairregularisBernard, 1896) are presented. Coral species of concern include species listed under the US Endangered Species Act (ESA) and the International Union for Conservation of Nature’s (IUCN) Red List of threatened species. Approximately 17.5% of the species present or possibly present are categorized as threatened by IUCN compared to 27% of the species globally. American Sāmoa has seven ESA-listed or ESA candidate species, includingAcroporaglobiceps(Dana, 1846),AcroporajacquelineaeWallace, 1994,Acroporaretusa(Dana, 1846),Acroporaspeciosa(Quelch, 1886),Fimbriaphylliaparadivisa(Veron, 1990),Isoporacrateriformis(Gardiner, 1898), andPocilloporameandrinaDana, 1846. There are two additional species possibly present, i.e.,Pavonadiffluens(Lamarck, 1816) andPoritesnapoporaVeron, 2000.

New Zealand lacks comprehensive threatened species legislation ? comparison with legislation in Australia and the USA

2010 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 54 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. N. H. Seabrook-Davison ◽  
W. Ji ◽  
D. H. Brunton
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Threatened Species ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Iucn Red List ◽  
Active Management ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Us Endangered Species Act ◽  
Taxonomic Groups ◽  
Short Time

New Zealand lacks dedicated threatened species legislation which is hindering the effective recovery of the country?s threatened species. Few of New Zealand?s recorded threatened species receive active management. New Zealand is recognized as a biodiversity hotspot which has undergone widespread anthropogenic change in a relatively short time. Using its own threat classification system based on the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List, but modified to suit the island characteristics of its biota, New Zealand has identified 2,788 species and subspecies within 14 taxonomic groups that are threatened with extinction. However, this level of awareness of the threatened state of New Zealand?s biota is not supported by comprehensive threatened species legislation. We reviewed New Zealand?s current legislation for the management and recovery of threatened species and made a comparison with the US Endangered Species Act 1973 (ESA1973) and the Australian Environment Protection and Biodiversity Act 1999 (EPBC1999). We argue that New Zealand needs to develop similar legislation to the ESA1973 and EPBC1999 to enable an integrated and legally accountable approach to the management and recovery of threatened species. A strength of the ESA1973 and EPBC1999 is that species that have been assessed to be threatened with extinction are listed on a central government register with a legal mandate for the production of recovery plans. A weakness of both acts is that species can languish on these lists without effective recovery actions. Although not always implemented, both acts have the provision for the protection and conservation of critical habitat.

scholarly journals How many bird extinctions have we prevented?

Oryx ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 266-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuart H.M. Butchart ◽  
Alison J. Stattersfield ◽  
Nigel J. Collar
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Captive Breeding ◽  
Extinction Risk ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Iucn Red List ◽  
Additional Species ◽  
Conservation Actions ◽  
Declining Populations ◽  
Population Sizes ◽  
Principal Actions

Considerable resources and efforts have been directed at biodiversity conservation in recent years, but measures of the success of conservation programmes have been limited. Based on information on population sizes, trends, threatening processes and the nature and intensity of conservation actions implemented during 1994–2004, we assessed that 16 bird species would have probably become extinct during this period if conservation programmes for them had not been undertaken. The mean minimum population size of these 16 species increased from 34 to 147 breeding individuals during 1994–2004. In 1994, 63% of them had declining populations but by 2004, 81% were increasing. Most of these species (63%) are found on islands. The principal threats that led to their decline were habitat loss and degradation (88%), invasive species (50%) and exploitation (38%), a pattern similar to that for other threatened species, but with exploitation and invasive species being relatively more important. The principal actions carried out were habitat protection and management (75% of species), control of invasive species (50%), and captive breeding and release (33%). The 16 species represent only 8.9% of those currently classified as Critically Endangered, and 1.3% of those threatened with extinction. Many of these additional species slipped closer to extinction during 1994–2004, including 164 that deteriorated in status sufficiently to be uplisted to higher categories of extinction risk on the IUCN Red List (IUCN, 2006). Efforts need to be considerably scaled up to prevent many more extinctions in the coming decades. The knowledge and tools to achieve this are available, but we need to mobilize the resources and political will to apply them.

 A new genus of angraecoid orchids (Orchidaceae: Angraecinae) with highly distinctive pollinaria morphology, including three new species from tropical West and Central Africa

Phytotaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 373 (2) ◽  
pp. 99
Author(s):  
PASCAL DESCOURVIÈRES ◽  
JOÃO N. M. FARMINHÃO ◽  
VINCENT DROISSART ◽  
JEAN-YVES DUBUISSON ◽  
MURIELLE SIMO-DROISSART ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Central Africa ◽  
Iucn Red List ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Preliminary Assessment ◽  
West And Central Africa ◽  
Three New Species ◽  
Angraecoid Orchids

A recent large phylogenetic tree for the angraecoid orchids has shown that the Afrotropical genus Diaphananthe is polyphyletic with a small group of four species sister to Aerangis and Eurychone. These species have diagnostic morphological features different from any other angraecoids, notably an erose to fringed surface of the stipes and a calceiform viscidium. Diaphananthe quintasii, which has been regarded as conspecific with D. rohrii, is reinstated as a valid species and lectotypified, and Diaphananthe alfredii and Rhipidoglossum magnicalcar are put in synonymy under D. quintasii. To accommodate this group of species, along with three new taxa from West and Central Africa, a new genus named Kylicanthe is here described. Four new combinations are thus proposed, and K. bueae is chosen as the type species of the new genus and neotypified. Additionally, K. arcuata, K. cornuata, and K. perezverae are described as new species. An identification key for Kylicanthe and allied genera is presented, as well as one for the seven species in the genus. Notes on ecology and distribution in addition to a preliminary assessment of conservation status following the IUCN Red List are also provided.

Redescription of The Southern Dumpling SquidEuprymna Tasmanicaand A Revision of The GenusEuprymna(Cephalopoda: Sepiolidae)

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 1109-1137 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.D. Norman ◽  
C.C. Lu
Keyword(s):  
Vibrio Fischeri ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Nominal Species ◽  
Undescribed Species ◽  
Additional Species ◽  
Symbiotic Associations ◽  
Luminescent Bacteria ◽  
Group A ◽  
Recent Attention

Recent attention to members of the sepiolid squid genusEuprymnaand symbiotic associations with luminescent bacteria (Vibrio fischeristrains) has prompted a review of this poorly-resolved group of squids. Twelve nominal species have been placed in this genus of which the majority are ill-defined, known only from their original descriptions and separated on the basis of inadequate characters. As a first step in resolving this group, a temperate Australian species, the Southern dumpling squid,Euprymna tasmanica, is here redescribed in detail. As the genusEuprymnacurrently stands, most members are only distinguished on the number and position of enlarged suckers in mature males. No diagnostic characters are available to identify females. All nominal species placed in this genus are reviewed and a key to proposed valid species is presented. Six species are considered here to be valid:Euprymna berryi, E. hoylei, E. morsei, E. scolopes, E. tasmanicaand an undescribed species treated here asEuprymnasp. 1.Euprymna similisis a synonym ofE. morseiof Japan. Due to inadequate original descriptions, and lost or poor type material, two species are considered here to benomen dubia(E. schneehageniandE. pusilla), while the taxonomic status of four additional species remain unresolved (E. albatrossae, E. bursa, E. phenaxandE. stenodactyla).

Regional status assessment of stony corals in the US Virgin Islands

2014 ◽  
Vol 186 (11) ◽  
pp. 7165-7181 ◽  
Author(s):  
William S. Fisher ◽  
Leska S. Fore ◽  
Leah M. Oliver ◽  
Charles Lobue ◽  
Robert Quarles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virgin Islands ◽  
Us Virgin Islands ◽  
Stony Corals ◽  
The Us ◽  
Status Assessment

Recent Progress in Taxonomic Studies, Biogeographic Analysis, and Revised Checklist of Amphibians in Indochina

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (3A) ◽  
pp. 1-110
Author(s):  
Nikolay A. Poyarkov ◽  
Tan Van Nguyen ◽  
Evgeniy S. Popov ◽  
Peter Geissler ◽  
Parinya Pawangkhanant ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conservation Status ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Iucn Red List ◽  
Type Specimens ◽  
Amphibian Species ◽  
Biogeographic Patterns ◽  
South Vietnam ◽  
Data Deficient ◽  
Iucn Red List Criteria ◽  
Annotated Checklist

The Indochinese Peninsula is recognized as one of the key global biodiversity hotspots. The amphibian fauna of Indochina (including Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia and Thailand) is one of the richest in the world. About 60% of the known species were described within the last 20 years. We review the literature and our data to assess all recent discoveries and taxonomic changes and compile the first annotated checklist of the amphibian fauna of Indochina since the middle of the 20th century, including updated faunal lists for Vietnam and Thailand. Amphibian checklists for Laos and Cambodia are published for the first time. For each species we provide the following information: scientific name; recommended common name in English; information on type specimens; type locality; data on its distribution within Indochina and beyond; IUCN conservation status; taxonomic comment and the most important references. We review the distribution of each species across the 23 biogeographic subregions of Indochina, estimate the similarity among the regional faunas and evaluate their species richness and endemism. In total we record 423 amphibian species belonging to three orders, 11 families and 71 genera; 199 species (47%) are endemic to Indochina. Comprising 270 known species, the amphibian fauna of Vietnam is the richest (98 endemics, 36.3%), followed by Thailand with 194 species (29 endemics, 14.9%), Laos with 121 species (13 endemics, 10.7%), and Cambodia with 72 species (6 endemics, 8.3%). A cluster analysis of faunal similarity between the subregions shows two major assemblages, divided by the Isthmus of Kra. Within the northern mainland portion of Indochina three clusters can be distinguished: (1) northeastern and northwestern uplands of Vietnam and northern Laos; (2) Northern, Central, and Southern Annamites, the Bolaven Plateau, and central-south Vietnam lowlands; (3) western Indochinese subregions. We identify the Northeast and Northwest Uplands of Vietnam, the Northern, Central and Southern Annamites, the Cardamom Mountains, the mountains of Northeast Thailand, Northern Tenasserim and southern Peninsular Thailand as nine major centers of diversity and endemism of Indochinese amphibians. The analysis of amphibian distribution patterns across Indochina suggests the presence of 14 chorotypes grouped in five major range types. Our results underline the role of Indochina as a key area for amphibian diversity and conservation. Among 423 species of Indochinese amphibians, 152 species (35.9%) were considered as data deficient (DD) or were not evaluated (NE) according to the IUCN Red List criteria; while 76 species (18.0%) were considered vulnerable (VU), endangered (EN) or critically endangered (CR), 20 species (4.7%) were considered to be near threatened (NT), and 175 species (41.4%) to be of the least concern (LC). Our study thus has implications for further conservation efforts on regional and global levels, as well as for understanding the biogeographic patterns of amphibian richness and endemism in Asia.

Uncovering Neotropical treefrog diversity: integrative taxonomy reveal paraphyly in Boana atlantica (Amphibia, Anura, Hylidae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 511-521
Author(s):  
Luana Rodrigues Lima ◽  
Marcos Jorge Matias Dubeux ◽  
Filipe Augusto Cavalcanti do Nascimento ◽  
Daniel Pacheco Bruschi ◽  
Tamí Mott
Keyword(s):  
Strong Support ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Nucleolar Organizer ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Integrative Taxonomy ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Nucleolar Organizer Regions ◽  
Candidate Species ◽  
Species Being

Abstract Boana atlantica was described based on morphological characters to acommodate populations from Bahia state, Brazil, previously referred to as B. punctata. However, its taxonomic validity is questionable due to inconsistencies in bioacoustic data. Here, we integrate molecular, cytogenetic and morphological data to re-evaluate the taxonomic status of B. atlantica. Molecular analyses provided strong support for the hypothesis that B. atlantica is a valid species, being, however, nominal populations from Bahia state paraphyletic with respect to individuals of B. atlantica collected in Alagoas and Pernambuco states. These populations shown high genetic divergence in the 16S rRNA mitochondrial fragment, and we consider populations from Alagoas and Pernambuco as a putative new candidate species of Boana punctata group. The external and internal morphology of the tadpoles of these lineages were similar, but Nucleolar Organizer Regions (NOR) was sited in different chromosomes. Our results indicate that B. atlantica is paraphyletic and may be a complex of species. Morphological of adult and/or bioacoustical data should be further assessed to find diagnostic characters to tease these lineages apart and name them properly.

scholarly journals Recommendations for Improving Recovery Criteria under the US Endangered Species Act

BioScience ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel F. Doak ◽  
Gina K. Himes Boor ◽  
Victoria J. Bakker ◽  
William F. Morris ◽  
Allison Louthan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endangered Species ◽  
Endangered Species Act ◽  
The Us ◽  
Us Endangered Species Act

On the types species of the New World dung beetle genus Canthidium Erichson, 1847 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae), with an annotated checklist of species

Zootaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4388 (4) ◽  
pp. 451 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARIO CUPELLO
Keyword(s):  
Type Species ◽  
New World ◽  
Dung Beetle ◽  
Type Locality ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Incertae Sedis ◽  
Taxonomic History ◽  
History Of ◽  
New Synonymy ◽  
Annotated Checklist

In this work, it is explained why previous authors who considered that Canthidium lentum Erichson, 1947 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) was fixed as the type species of Canthidium Erichson, 1847 in Robert Lucas’ 1920 catalogue of Coleoptera genera were mistaken. Instead, the first authors to designate a type species for Canthidium were Martínez et al. in 1964, who designated C. thalassinum Erichson, 1847. Since both species are currently placed in different subgenera, the subgeneric classication must change: Eucanthidium Halffter & Martínez, 1986 is a new junior synonym of Canthidium, while the subgenus previously considered to be Canthidium (Canthidium) is changed to Canthidium (Neocanthidium) Martínez et al., 1964 based on the revalidation of the latter name. A checklist containing information on the type locality, type material, synonymy, and distribution of all the 172 valid species included in the genus (72 in the nominotypical subgenus, 69 in Neocanthidium, and 31 as incertae sedis) is presented, as well as a review of the taxonomic history of Canthidium and the new synonymy between C. (C.) ardens Bates, 1887 and Canthidium ardens mutatum Bates, 1887. 

Designing Coastal Structures for Tsunami Loads per ASCE 7-16

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian N. Robertson ◽  
Jacob McKamey
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Pacific Coast ◽  
American Samoa ◽  
Tsunami Hazard ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Coastal Communities ◽  
Risk Category ◽  
Coastal Structures ◽  
High Rise ◽  
The Us

Abstract The 2016 edition of ASCE 7, Minimum Loads and Associated Criteria for Buildings and Other Structures, contains a brand new Chapter 6 on Tsunami Loads and Effects. This new chapter applies to the tsunami design of all Risk Category III (high occupancy) and IV (essential) buildings, and potentially many taller Risk Category II (regular) buildings, in coastal communities in Alaska, Washington, Oregon, California and Hawaii. These provisions can also be applied to other communities exposed to tsunami hazard, including Guam, American Samoa, Puerto Rico, and communities outside the US. This paper shows an example of how the new tsunami design provisions would apply to the design of prototypical multi-story coastal reinforced concrete buildings at different locations on the US Pacific Coast. The prototypical Risk Category II buildings are located in Seaside OR, Monterey CA, Waikiki HI and Hilo HI. Economic consequences of including tsunami design for mid- to high-rise Risk Category II buildings are discussed.

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