Low protein diets reduce nitrogen excretion without affecting pig performance and carcass traits

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.K. Htoo ◽  
K. Schuh ◽  
G. Dusel
Keyword(s):  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Nitrogen Excretion ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Pig Performance ◽  
Protein Diets

Effects of low protein diets on growth performance, carcass traits and ammonia emission of barrows and gilts

2013 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 146 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Madrid ◽  
S. Martínez ◽  
C. López ◽  
J. Orengo ◽  
M. J. López ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Backfat Thickness ◽  
Ammonia Emission ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Pig Performance ◽  
Protein Diets

The aim of the present research was to determine the effect of low protein diets on growth performance, carcass traits and ammonia emission from barrows and gilts during the growing and finishing periods. For each period, three diets were formulated. A control diet (C) with 160 and 155 g crude protein (CP)/kg for the growing and finishing, respectively, a medium level diet (M) and a low level diet (L) with 10 and 20 g CP/kg less than the C, respectively. All the diets were supplemented with crystalline amino acids on an ideal protein basis. Barrows (90) and gilts (90) were sorted by bodyweight and sex and housed in three identical manually ventilated chambers. No significant effects of diet on pig performance were observed. In the finishing period, barrows were heavier (P < 0.001) and had higher average daily gain (P < 0.01) and average daily feed intake (P < 0.01) than gilts. Pigs fed the L diet had higher backfat thickness than those fed the other diets in the growing period (P < 0.05). Backfat thickness was higher (P < 0.01) in barrows than in gilts. Muscle depth decreased in pigs fed the L diet in the finishing period. Muscle depth was not affected (P > 0.05) by sex. Average ammonia emissions during the last 6 days were 117.7, 94.2 and 85.5 mg ammonia/kg pig.day for pigs fed the C, M and L diets, respectively. The results show that a reduction in dietary CP of 10 g/kg, accompanied by supplementation with crystalline amino acid reduced ammonia emission by 19.9% with no detrimental effects on growth performance and carcass characteristics, and a reduction of 20 g/kg reduced ammonia emission by 27.3% with no detrimental effects on growth performance but reduced muscle depth at slaughter.

214 Dietary Supplementation with a Combination of Valine and Isoleucine Annuls the Negative Effects of Very Low Protein Diets on Growth and Gut Development of Young Pigs

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 112-113
Author(s):  
Mohammad Habibi ◽  
Parniyan Goodarzi ◽  
Cedrick N N Shili ◽  
Julia Sutton ◽  
Caitlyn Wileman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Radiation ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Nitrogen Excretion ◽  
Gut Development ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Feed Cost ◽  
Young Pigs ◽  
Protein Diets

Abstract Increased feed cost, post-weaning diarrhea, and nitrogen excretion are challenging the modern swine industry. Very low-protein (LP) diets (&gt;4% units reduced protein) may reduce feed cost, diarrhea and nitrogen excretion; however, these diets impair growth performance of pigs despite supplementation of limiting amino acids (i.e., lysine, threonine, methionine and tryptophan). The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of valine, isoleucine and combination of both supplemented to VLP diet on growth, thermal radiation, and gut development in young pigs. Forty three-week-old weaned barrows were weighed (6.75 ± 0.14 kg) and randomly assigned to five groups (8 pigs/group) including: 1) standard diet or positive control (PC), 2) LP diet, 3) LP + valine (LPV), 4) LP + isoleucine (LPI) and 5) LP + both valine and isoleucine (LPVI) for five weeks. Daily feed intake and weekly growth characteristics were measured and weekly thermal images were captured. All pigs were euthanized at week 5 and tissue samples collected. All data were analyzed with univariate GLM followed by Tukey’s post-hoc test (SPSS®). Compared to PC, final body weight, average daily gain, average daily protein intake and gain:feed ratio were reduced in LP group, but feeding pigs with LPVI partially or completely recovered these parameters. Pigs fed with LPVI had higher thermal radiation than those fed with PC, LP, and LPI on days 28 and 35 of study and had a greater the area under the curve for thermal radiation than LP and LPI. Duodenal villus width and crypt depth, and ileal villus height were decreased in LP relative to PC, but LPVI either partially or fully recovered these measurements. In conclusion, supplementing a combination of valine and isoleucine recovered the negative effects of very low-protein diets on growth performance and gut development, but increased the thermal radiation in weaned pigs.

EFFECTS OF GRADED DIETARY PROTEIN LEVELS ON UREA RECYCLING IN THE PIG

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 1193-1197 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. THACKER ◽  
J. P. BOWLAND ◽  
L. P. MILLIGAN ◽  
E. WELTZIEN
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Nitrogen Excretion ◽  
Entry Rate ◽  
Protein Nitrogen ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Key Words Pig ◽  
Urea Recycling ◽  
Protein Diets

The kinetics of urea recycling were determined in six female crossbred pigs utilizing a radioisotope dilution technique. The experimental animals were fed three times daily 500 g of a corn-soybean meal diet formulated to contain 8.4, 15.8 or 24.7% crude protein. Nitrogen digestibility, urinary nitrogen excretion, total nitrogen excretion and retained nitrogen were highest on the 24.7% protein diet and decreased with decreasing dietary protein. Urea pool size, entry rate and excretion rate were also highest on the 24.7% protein diet and decreased with decreasing protein intake. Expressed as a percentage of the total entry rate, a significantly higher percentage of urea was recycled in pigs fed the low protein diets compared with those fed a higher protein diet. Key words: Pig, urea, recycling, kinetics, protein

scholarly journals Influence of Low Protein Diets on Water Intake and Urine and Nitrogen Excretion in Growing Pigs

1998 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 267-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keiichi SUZUKI ◽  
Chun CHENG Xu ◽  
Hiroshi KANO ◽  
Toshiro SHIMIZU ◽  
Yuuichi SATO
Keyword(s):  
Water Intake ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Nitrogen Excretion ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Protein Diets

scholarly journals Multiple Amino Acid Supplementations to Low-Protein Diets: Effect on Performance, Carcass Yield, Meat Quality and Nitrogen Excretion of Finishing Broilers under Hot Climate Conditions

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 973 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youssef A. Attia ◽  
Fulvia Bovera ◽  
Jinquan Wang ◽  
Mohammed A. Al-Harthi ◽  
Woo Kyun Kim
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Nitrogen Excretion ◽  
Carcass Yield ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Hot Climate ◽  
Protein Diets

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of low-protein diets with amino acid supplementation on growth performance, carcass yield, meat quality and nitrogen excretion of broilers raised under hot climate conditions during the finisher period. In trial 1, broilers from 28 to 49 days of age were fed 18% crude protein (CP) as a positive control or 15% CP supplemented with (1) DL-methionine (Met) + L-lysine (Lys), (2) Met + Lys + L-Arginine (Arg), or (3) Met + Lys + L-Valine (Val). In trial 2, broilers from 30 to 45 days of age, were fed an 18% CP diet as a positive control or 15% CP supplemented with Met, Lys, Arg, Val, L-Isoleucine (Ile) or combination with glycine (Gly) and/or urea as nitrogen sources: (1) Met + Lys, (2) Met + Lys + Arg, (3) Met + Lys + Val, (4) Met + Lys + Ile, (5) Met + Lys + Arg +Val + Ile + Gly, and (6) Met+ Lys + Arg + Val + Ile + Gly + urea. Protein use was improved by feeding low-protein amino acid-supplemented diets as compared to the high-protein diet. Feeding 15% crude protein diet supplemented with only methionine and lysine had no negative effects on carcass yield, CP, total lipids and moisture% of breast meat while decreasing nitrogen excretion by 21%.

Effects of supplementing low-protein diets with sodium dichloroacetate and glucose on growth performance, carcass traits and meat quality of growing-finishing pigs

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yetong Xu ◽  
Huiyuan Chen ◽  
Ke Wan ◽  
Kaifeng Zhou ◽  
Yongsheng Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Protein Diets

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of supplementing low-protein diets with sodium dichloroacetate (DCA) and glucose on growth performance, carcass traits, and meat quality of growing-finishing pigs. A total of 80 crossbred (Duroc × Landrace × Large White) growing barrows (27 ± 0.4 kg body weight) were allocated randomly to one of the five treatments during three successive 4-week periods. There were five diets in each phase. Diet 1 was the control diet with normal protein levels (CON) where protein levels in the three phases were 18%, 16.5%, and 15.5%, respectively. The dietary protein levels of Diets 2, 3, 4, and 5 (the low-protein diets, LP) were decreased by 4.5% compared to Diet 1. Additionally, Diets 3 and 4 were supplemented with an extra 120 mg/kg DCA (LP + DCA) or 1.8% glucose (LP + GLUC), respectively. Diet 5 was further supplemented with an extra 120 mg/kg DCA and 1.8% glucose (LP + DCA + GLUC). The LP + DCA diet increased the average daily weight gain of pigs compared to the CON and LP diet in phase 3 and the overall experimental period (P &lt; 0.001). The LP diet reduced the gain:feed ratios of the pigs compared to the CON, LP + DCA, and LP + DCA + GLUC diets in phase 1 and the overall experimental period (P &lt; 0.001). Furthermore, gain:feed ratios in LP + DCA and LP + DCA + GLUC groups did not differ from that of the CON group (P &gt; 0.10). Pigs fed the LP + DCA diet had higher pH values of meat at 24 h post-mortem than the CON group (P &lt; 0.05). The LP + DCA + GLUC diet increased the total protein content in the longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle of pigs, compared to the other dietary treatments (P &lt; 0.05), and increased the Arg and Leu contents in the LD muscle compared to the LP + DCA diet (P &lt; 0.05). Moreover, the LP + DCA diet induced a higher C18:1n9t percentage in the LD muscle of pigs compared to other groups (P &lt; 0.05). In conclusion, an LP diet reduced the feed efficiency in pigs and barely affected meat quality, whereas 120 mg/kg DCA supplementation in an LP diet improved the growth performance of growing-finishing pigs, showed modest effects on carcass traits, and improved the muscle protein content with the addition of glucose.

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