scholarly journals Multiple Amino Acid Supplementations to Low-Protein Diets: Effect on Performance, Carcass Yield, Meat Quality and Nitrogen Excretion of Finishing Broilers under Hot Climate Conditions

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 973 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youssef A. Attia ◽  
Fulvia Bovera ◽  
Jinquan Wang ◽  
Mohammed A. Al-Harthi ◽  
Woo Kyun Kim
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Nitrogen Excretion ◽  
Carcass Yield ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Hot Climate ◽  
Protein Diets

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of low-protein diets with amino acid supplementation on growth performance, carcass yield, meat quality and nitrogen excretion of broilers raised under hot climate conditions during the finisher period. In trial 1, broilers from 28 to 49 days of age were fed 18% crude protein (CP) as a positive control or 15% CP supplemented with (1) DL-methionine (Met) + L-lysine (Lys), (2) Met + Lys + L-Arginine (Arg), or (3) Met + Lys + L-Valine (Val). In trial 2, broilers from 30 to 45 days of age, were fed an 18% CP diet as a positive control or 15% CP supplemented with Met, Lys, Arg, Val, L-Isoleucine (Ile) or combination with glycine (Gly) and/or urea as nitrogen sources: (1) Met + Lys, (2) Met + Lys + Arg, (3) Met + Lys + Val, (4) Met + Lys + Ile, (5) Met + Lys + Arg +Val + Ile + Gly, and (6) Met+ Lys + Arg + Val + Ile + Gly + urea. Protein use was improved by feeding low-protein amino acid-supplemented diets as compared to the high-protein diet. Feeding 15% crude protein diet supplemented with only methionine and lysine had no negative effects on carcass yield, CP, total lipids and moisture% of breast meat while decreasing nitrogen excretion by 21%.

Low-Protein Diets Decrease Porcine Nitrogen Excretion but with Restrictive Effects on Amino Acid Utilization

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (31) ◽  
pp. 8262-8271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liuting Wu ◽  
Xiangxin Zhang ◽  
Zhiru Tang ◽  
Yunxia Li ◽  
Tiejun Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Nitrogen Excretion ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Amino Acid Utilization ◽  
Protein Diets

The effect of low protein diets on fat deposition in pigs

2007 ◽  
Vol 2007 ◽  
pp. 87-87
Author(s):  
G. G. Stonehouse ◽  
F. M. Whittington ◽  
O. Doran ◽  
A. H. Stewart ◽  
M. J. Hazzledine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Meat Quality ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Protein Level ◽  
Fat Deposition ◽  
Nitrogen Excretion ◽  
Fat Depots ◽  
Dietary Protein Level ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Nutritional Strategies ◽  
Protein Diets

A main aim of modern pig production is to reduce nitrogen excretion to the environment, capturing more of the dietary protein in saleable meat. One way to achieve this is to reduce dietary protein level but this is likely to increase fat deposition, especially in late-developing fat depots. Meat quality will also be affected and these effects will all be influenced by breed type. This study compared three nutritional strategies differing in dietary protein provision in terms of their effects on growth and fat deposition.

Partition of nitrogen in the urine of African sheep given a variety of low-protein diets

1967 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Topps ◽  
R.C. Elliott
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
The Body ◽  
Nitrogen Excretion ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Nitrogen Intake ◽  
Protein Diets ◽  
Urinary Nitrogen Excretion ◽  
Urinary Nitrogen

1. Sixteen foods, made up with differing proportions of roughage and concentrates and ranging in crude protein content from approximately 2·6% to 10·0%, were each offered ad libitum to Blackhead Persian wether sheep. The nitrogen balance of the sheep and the distribution of nitrogen in the urine were measured.2. Urinary nitrogen excretion decreased with the digestible nitrogen intake. There was a highly significant (P < 0·01) positive correlation between either excretion of urea or of allantoin and digestible nitrogen intake.3. The amount of creatinine excreted varied little with diet but was directly related to the body weight of the sheep.4. For 8 diets, hippurate excretion by the sheep was directly related (P<0·01) to intake of digestible nitrogen, while a significant (P<0·05) positive correlation between the same measures was found for the other 8 diets.5. It is suggested that with certain types of diets the excretion of either nitrogen, urea or allantoin in the urine may be useful indicators of digestible nitrogen intake of low-protein diets by sheep.

214 Dietary Supplementation with a Combination of Valine and Isoleucine Annuls the Negative Effects of Very Low Protein Diets on Growth and Gut Development of Young Pigs

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 112-113
Author(s):  
Mohammad Habibi ◽  
Parniyan Goodarzi ◽  
Cedrick N N Shili ◽  
Julia Sutton ◽  
Caitlyn Wileman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Radiation ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Nitrogen Excretion ◽  
Gut Development ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Feed Cost ◽  
Young Pigs ◽  
Protein Diets

Abstract Increased feed cost, post-weaning diarrhea, and nitrogen excretion are challenging the modern swine industry. Very low-protein (LP) diets (&gt;4% units reduced protein) may reduce feed cost, diarrhea and nitrogen excretion; however, these diets impair growth performance of pigs despite supplementation of limiting amino acids (i.e., lysine, threonine, methionine and tryptophan). The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of valine, isoleucine and combination of both supplemented to VLP diet on growth, thermal radiation, and gut development in young pigs. Forty three-week-old weaned barrows were weighed (6.75 ± 0.14 kg) and randomly assigned to five groups (8 pigs/group) including: 1) standard diet or positive control (PC), 2) LP diet, 3) LP + valine (LPV), 4) LP + isoleucine (LPI) and 5) LP + both valine and isoleucine (LPVI) for five weeks. Daily feed intake and weekly growth characteristics were measured and weekly thermal images were captured. All pigs were euthanized at week 5 and tissue samples collected. All data were analyzed with univariate GLM followed by Tukey’s post-hoc test (SPSS®). Compared to PC, final body weight, average daily gain, average daily protein intake and gain:feed ratio were reduced in LP group, but feeding pigs with LPVI partially or completely recovered these parameters. Pigs fed with LPVI had higher thermal radiation than those fed with PC, LP, and LPI on days 28 and 35 of study and had a greater the area under the curve for thermal radiation than LP and LPI. Duodenal villus width and crypt depth, and ileal villus height were decreased in LP relative to PC, but LPVI either partially or fully recovered these measurements. In conclusion, supplementing a combination of valine and isoleucine recovered the negative effects of very low-protein diets on growth performance and gut development, but increased the thermal radiation in weaned pigs.

EFFECTS OF GRADED DIETARY PROTEIN LEVELS ON UREA RECYCLING IN THE PIG

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 1193-1197 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. THACKER ◽  
J. P. BOWLAND ◽  
L. P. MILLIGAN ◽  
E. WELTZIEN
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Nitrogen Excretion ◽  
Entry Rate ◽  
Protein Nitrogen ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Key Words Pig ◽  
Urea Recycling ◽  
Protein Diets

The kinetics of urea recycling were determined in six female crossbred pigs utilizing a radioisotope dilution technique. The experimental animals were fed three times daily 500 g of a corn-soybean meal diet formulated to contain 8.4, 15.8 or 24.7% crude protein. Nitrogen digestibility, urinary nitrogen excretion, total nitrogen excretion and retained nitrogen were highest on the 24.7% protein diet and decreased with decreasing dietary protein. Urea pool size, entry rate and excretion rate were also highest on the 24.7% protein diet and decreased with decreasing protein intake. Expressed as a percentage of the total entry rate, a significantly higher percentage of urea was recycled in pigs fed the low protein diets compared with those fed a higher protein diet. Key words: Pig, urea, recycling, kinetics, protein

scholarly journals Apparent ileal digestibility of amino acids and metabolisable energy value in grains for broilers

2008 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 325 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. PERTTILÄ ◽  
J. VALAJA ◽  
T. JALAVA
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nitrogen Excretion ◽  
Ileal Digestibility ◽  
Metabolisable Energy ◽  
Feed Protein ◽  
Digestible Amino Acids

Using ileal digestible amino acids in feed optimising will intensify feed protein utilizing and decrease nitrogen excretion to the environment. The study determined the apparent ileal digestibility (AID) coefficients of amino acids in barley, wheat, oats, triticale, maize, and dehulled oats in the diets of 180 Ross broiler chickens (aged 24–35 days). The birds were fed semi-purified diets that contained grain as the sole protein source and chromium-mordanted straw as an indigestible marker. The AID coefficients of the nutrients were assessed using the slaughter technique, and the apparent metabolisable energy (AME) was determined using total excreta collection. The ileal digestibility of the dry matter and organic matter were the highest in maize. The AME of maize was higher than that of other cereals. The ileal digestibility of crude protein was higher in wheat than that in barley, oats and dehulled oats. The AME of wheat was similar to that of barley and oats but lower than that of triticale and dehulled oats. The amino acid AID was highest in wheat (0.86) and triticale (0.85) and lowest in oats (0.79) and barley 0.77). The average amino acid AID was 0.81 in dehulled oats. The threonine AID was the same in all tested ingredients. The lysine, methionine, and cystine AID coefficients were 0.81, 0.79, and 0.71 respectively for barley; 0.86, 0.84, and 0.38 respectively for oats; 0.87, 0.86, and 0.53 respectively for dehulled oats; 0.84, 0.90, and 0.66 respectively for maize; 0.89, 0.88, and 0.77 respectively for triticale; and 0.87, 0.85, and 0.71 respectively for wheat. Results indicated that AME –values of domestic grains (barley, oats and wheat) are in the same level. Especially, low AME value of wheat needs further investigation.;

scholarly journals Effects of Dietary Protein Levels on Bamei Pig Intestinal Colony Compositional Traits

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Dong Wang ◽  
Guoshun Chen ◽  
Lili Song ◽  
Mingjie Chai ◽  
Yongfeng Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Protein Level ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Microbial Flora ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Dietary Crude Protein ◽  
Protein Diets ◽  
Crude Protein Level ◽  
Microbial Diversities

Diets containing different crude protein levels (16%, 14%, and 12%) were created to feed Bamei pigs in order to study the effect of these compositions on intestinal colonies. Therefore, 27 healthy Bamei pigs of similar weight ( 20.99   kg ± 0.16   kg ) were selected and randomly divided into three groups for microbial diversity analysis. The results of this study show that microbial diversities and abundances in Bamei pig jejunum and caecum samples after feeding with different dietary protein levels were significantly different. Dietary crude protein level exerted no significant effect on the Shannon index for cecum microbes in these pigs, while Simpson, ACE, and Chao1 indices for group I were all significantly higher than those of either the control group or group II ( P < 0.05 ). Indeed, data show that microbial diversities and abundances in the 14% protein level group were higher than those in either the 16% or 12% groups. Dominant bacteria present in jejunum and cecum samples given low-protein diets were members of the phyla Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes. Data show that as dietary crude protein level decreases, representatives of the microbial flora genus Lactobacillus in jejunum and cecum samples gradually increases. Values for the KEGG functional prediction of microbial flora at different dietary protein levels also show that genes of jejunum and cecum microorganisms were mainly enriched in the “metabolism” pathway and indicate that low protein diets increase intestinal metabolic activity. Therefore, we recommend that Bamei pig dietary protein levels are reduced 2% from their existing level of 16% crude protein. We also suggest that essential synthetic amino acids (AA) are added to optimize this ideal protein model as this will increase intestinal flora diversity in these pigs and enhance health. These changes will have a positive effect in promoting the healthy growth of Bamei pigs.

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