scholarly journals Recent developments and future perspectives in aging and macrophage immunometabolism

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 193-201
Author(s):  
Brandt D. Pence ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Reprogramming ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Nad Metabolism ◽  
Promising Strategy ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Monocytes And Macrophages ◽  
Low Grade Inflammation

<abstract> <p>Aging is the strongest contributor to the development and severity of many chronic and infectious diseases, primarily through age-related increases in low-grade inflammation (inflammaging) and decreases in immune function (immunosenescence). Metabolic reprogramming in immune cells is a significant contributor to functional and phenotypic changes in these cells, but little is known about the direct effect of aging on immunometabolism. This review highlights several recent advances in this field, focusing on mitochondrial dysfunction, NAD+ metabolism, and therapeutic reprogramming in aged monocytes and macrophages. Perspectives on opportunities for future research in this area are also provided. Targeting immunometabolism is a promising strategy for designing therapeutics for a wide variety of age-related diseases.</p> </abstract>

scholarly journals Selenium and Inflammation— Potential Use and Future Perspectives

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (02) ◽  
pp. 97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonidas H Duntas ◽  
Alicja Hubalewska-Dydejczyk ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Trace Element ◽  
Thioredoxin Reductase ◽  
The Body ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Toll Like Receptor ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Low Grade Inflammation ◽  
Light Chain Enhancer ◽  
Potential Use ◽  
Se Status

The essential trace element selenium (Se) is constitutively incorporated as selenocysteine, in proteins, among others in antioxidative selenoproteins, such as glutathione peroxidase(s) and thioredoxin reductase. Since chronic inflammation is thought to deplete Se stores in the body, Se supplementation should be considered in prolonged inflammatory states, Se being the trace element the most affected in chronic or low-grade inflammation. Se administration might also be beneficial in bacterial and viral diseases as well as metabolic and autoimmune diseases. In order to maintain a Se steady state, or “selenostasis,” Se supplementation, via either diet or compounds, is required to preserve the activity of selenoproteins in antioxidative and redox processes. Importantly, Se could play a pivotal role in the maintenance of homeostasis in infected tissues by inhibiting the proinflammatory toll-like receptor nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells signaling pathway and counteracting proinflammatory cytokine action. Finally, while Se status shows considerable promise as a valid marker of inflammatory and autoimmune disease, new functional Se nanoparticles and highly bioavailable selenomethionine compounds will in all probability provide a more efficacious and reliable intervention tool in both preventive and therapeutic disease management.

Hepatic macrophage accumulation with aging: cause for concern?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven A. Bloomer ◽  
Eric Moyer
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Intercellular Adhesion Molecule ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Intercellular Adhesion Molecule 1 ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Hepatic Macrophages ◽  
Liver Macrophage ◽  
Factor Α ◽  
Low Grade Inflammation ◽  
Hepatic Macrophage

Aging is associated with chronic, low-grade inflammation that adversely affects physiological function. The liver regulates systemic inflammation; it is a source of cytokine production and also scavenges bacteria from the portal circulation to prevent infection of other organs. The cells with primary roles in these functions, hepatic macrophages, become more numerous in the liver with "normal" aging (i.e. in the absence of disease). Here we demonstrate evidence and potential mechanisms for this phenomenon, which include augmented tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression in the liver. Also, we discuss how an age-related impairment in autophagy within macrophages leads to a pro-oxidative state and ensuing production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, particularly interleukin 6 (IL-6). Given that the liver is a rich source of macrophages, we posit that it represents a major source of the elevated systemic IL-6 observed with aging, which is associated with physiological dysfunction. Testing a causal role for liver macrophage production of IL-6 during aging remains a challenge, yet interventions that have targeted macrophages and/or IL-6 have demonstrated promise in treating age-related diseases. These studies have demonstrated an age-related, deleterious reprogramming of macrophage function, which worsens pathology. Therefore, hepatic macrophage accrual is indeed a cause for concern, and therapies that attenuate the aged phenotype of macrophages will likely prove useful in promoting healthy aging.

CHIP & HIPs: Clonal Hematopoiesis is Common in Hip Arthroplasty Patients and Associates with Autoimmune Disease

Blood ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith S. Hecker ◽  
Luise Hartmann ◽  
Jennifer Rivière ◽  
Michèle Constanze Buck ◽  
Mark van der Garde ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hip Arthroplasty ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Related Condition ◽  
Clonal Hematopoiesis ◽  
Mild Anemia ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Mutation Burden ◽  
Clinical Associations ◽  
Low Grade Inflammation

Clonal hematopoiesis (CH) is an age-related condition predisposing to blood cancer and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Murine models demonstrate CH-mediated altered immune function and proinflammation. Low-grade inflammation has been implicated in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA), the main indication for total hip arthroplasty (THA). THA-derived hip bones serve as a major source of 'healthy' hematopoietic cells in experimental hematology. We prospectively investigated frequency and clinical associations of CH in 200 patients without known hematologic disease undergoing THA. Prevalence of CH was 50%, including 77 patients with CH of indeterminate potential (CHIP, defined as somatic variants with allele frequencies [VAF] ≥2%), and 23 patients harboring CH with lower mutation burden (VAF 1-2%). Most commonly mutated genes were DNMT3A (29.5%), TET2 (15.0%) and ASXL1 (3.5%). CHIP significantly associated with lower hemoglobin, higher mean corpuscular volume, prior/present malignant disease, and CVD. Strikingly, we observed a previously unreported association of CHIP with autoimmune diseases (AID; multivariate adjusted odds ratio, 6.6; 95% confidence interval [1.7, 30]; p=0.0081). These findings underscore the association between CH and inflammatory diseases. Our results have considerable relevance for management of patients with OA and AID or mild anemia, and question use of hip bone-derived cells as 'healthy' experimental controls.

scholarly journals The Roles of the Gut Microbiota and Chronic Low-Grade Inflammation in Older Adults With Frailty

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
YuShuang Xu ◽  
XiangJie Liu ◽  
XiaoXia Liu ◽  
Di Chen ◽  
MengMeng Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Chronic Inflammation ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Composition Structure ◽  
Low Grade Inflammation

Frailty is a major public issue that affects the physical health and quality of life of older adults, especially as the population ages. Chronic low-grade inflammation has been speculated to accelerate the aging process as well as the development of age-related diseases such as frailty. Intestinal homeostasis plays a crucial role in healthy aging. The interaction between the microbiome and the host regulates the inflammatory response. Emerging evidence indicates that in older adults with frailty, the diversity and composition structure of gut microbiota are altered. Age-associated changes in gut microbiota composition and in their metabolites contribute to increased gut permeability and imbalances in immune function. In this review, we aim to: identify gut microbiota changes in the aging and frail populations; summarize the role of chronic low-grade inflammation in the development of frailty; and outline how gut microbiota may be related to the pathogenesis of frailty, more specifically, in the regulation of gut-derived chronic inflammation. Although additional research is needed, the regulation of gut microbiota may represent a safe, easy, and inexpensive intervention to counteract the chronic inflammation leading to frailty.

Synovium and capsule

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Floris P. J. G. Lafeber ◽  
Nick J. Besselink ◽  
Simon C. Mastbergen
Keyword(s):  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Driving Force ◽  
The Other ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Waste Products ◽  
Benefit Ratio ◽  
Diarthrodial Joints ◽  
Immunological Surveillance ◽  
Low Grade Inflammation

Synovium is an integrated tissue of the diarthrodial joints that interacts with all the other joint tissues and specifically is important in nourishment and lubrication of the articular cartilage, removal of waste products, and immunological surveillance. Chronic as well as recurrent low-grade synovial inflammation definitely contributes to progression and symptoms of certain patients with osteoarthritis. Low-grade inflammation may even be causative in the disease. The challenge is that osteoarthritis is a heterogeneous disorder with inflammation not only of the synovial tissue but with its mediators also present in cartilage and bone. Therefore, despite the presence of inflammatory mediators, in some cases synovitis may be seen as a bystander and not as a driving force in pathogenesis. Future research must be directed toward defining the risk-to-benefit ratio for (systemic) anti-inflammatory therapy, especially when targeting mediators of low-grade inflammation.

Bifunctional electrocatalysts for Zn–air batteries: recent developments and future perspectives

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (13) ◽  
pp. 6144-6182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuangshuang Ren ◽  
Xinde Duan ◽  
Shuai Liang ◽  
Mingdao Zhang ◽  
Hegen Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Future Research ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Bifunctional Electrocatalysts ◽  
Recent Developments

The latest developments of bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysts for Zn–air batteries (ZABs) are comprehensively summarized and evaluated, laying special emphasis on the challenges, outlooks and directions of future research for the ZAB industry.

scholarly journals Exogenous Ketones as Therapeutic Signaling Molecules in High-Stress Occupations: Implications for Mitigating Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Future Research

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 117863882097902
Author(s):  
Hunter S Waldman ◽  
Matthew J McAllister
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Intracellular Signaling ◽  
High Stress ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Cardiometabolic Diseases ◽  
Psychological Stressors ◽  
Chronic Stressors ◽  
Low Grade Inflammation

High-stress occupations (ie, firefighters, military personnel, police officers, etc.) are often plagued by cardiometabolic diseases induced by exposure to chronic stressors. Interrupted sleep cycles, poor dietary patterns, lack of physical activity, and smoke exposure along with simultaneous psychological stressors promote chronic low-grade inflammation and excessive oxidative stress. Collectively, these data suggest that practical interventions which might mitigate the underlying pathologies of these cardiometabolic diseases are warranted. Ketones, specifically R-βHB, modulates intracellular signaling cascades such as the cellular redox ratios of NAD+/NADH, the activity of NAD dependent deacetylases SIRT1 and SIRT3, and promotes a robust mitochondrial environment which favors reductions in oxidative stress and inflammation. To date, the literature examining R-βHB as a signaling metabolite has mostly been performed from endogenous R-βHB production achieved through nutritional ketosis or cell culture and mouse models using exogenous R-βHB. To the authors knowledge, only 1 study has attempted to report on the effects of exogenous ketones and the mitigation of oxidative stress/inflammation. Therefore, the scope of this review is to detail the mechanisms of R-βHB as a signaling metabolite and the role that exogenous ketones might play in mitigating diseases in individuals serving in high-stress occupations.

scholarly journals Comprehensive expression patterns of inflammatory cytokines in aqueous humor of patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomohito Sato ◽  
Masaru Takeuchi ◽  
Yoko Karasawa ◽  
Kei Takayama ◽  
Toshio Enoki
Keyword(s):  
Macular Degeneration ◽  
Aqueous Humor ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Mutual Distance ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Low Grade Inflammation

AbstractNeovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) is a complex and multi-factorial disease, and low-grade inflammation is associated with pathogenesis of nAMD. Aqueous humor could reflect intraocular immune environments in various eye diseases. The research so far used aqueous humor samples and revealed that inflammation is involved in pathophysiology of nAMD, although immunological roles of cytokines were evaluated inadequately with aspect to individual effects. Here we used 27 kinds of cytokines covering general immunologic reactions, examined specific expression patterns of cytokines, and assessed relationships between inflammation and pathophysiology of nAMD by multivariate analyses. In nAMD eyes, principal component analysis showed that IL-7, MCP-1, MIP-1β and VEGF had high principal component loadings of over 0.6 in the first principal component constituting 32.6% of all variability of the data. In exploratory factor analysis, IL-6, MCP-1 and MIP-1β had high factor loadings (FL) of over 0.5 in Factor 1 constituting 32.6% of all variability, while VEGF had FL of over 1.0 in Factor 3 constituting 10.7% of all variability. In hierarchical cluster analysis, MCP-1 and VEGF were located in the cluster of first proximate mutual distance to central retinal thickness. These data could suggest that low-grade inflammation is a principal contributor in nAMD.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document