scholarly journals Changes in the lean and fat mass of the whole body, four extremities, and trunk in patients who were on hemodialysis for 15 years

2021 ◽  
Vol 54 (10) ◽  
pp. 499-507
Author(s):  
Nobuko Ueshima ◽  
Senji Okuno ◽  
Kyoko Norimine ◽  
Hisanori Okazaki ◽  
Akiko Matsushita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fat Mass ◽  
Whole Body

Thermoneutral housing does not influence fat mass or glucose homeostasis in C57BL/6 mice

2018 ◽  
Vol 239 (3) ◽  
pp. 313-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lewin Small ◽  
Henry Gong ◽  
Christian Yassmin ◽  
Gregory J Cooney ◽  
Amanda E Brandon
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Glucose Homeostasis ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Housing Temperature ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Normal Chow ◽  
Obesogenic Diet

One major factor affecting physiology often overlooked when comparing data from animal models and humans is the effect of ambient temperature. The majority of rodent housing is maintained at ~22°C, the thermoneutral temperature for lightly clothed humans. However, mice have a much higher thermoneutral temperature of ~30°C, consequently data collected at 22°C in mice could be influenced by animals being exposed to a chronic cold stress. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of housing temperature on glucose homeostasis and energy metabolism of mice fed normal chow or a high-fat, obesogenic diet (HFD). Male C57BL/6J(Arc) mice were housed at standard temperature (22°C) or at thermoneutrality (29°C) and fed either chow or a 60% HFD for 13 weeks. The HFD increased fat mass and produced glucose intolerance as expected but this was not exacerbated in mice housed at thermoneutrality. Changing the ambient temperature, however, did alter energy expenditure, food intake, lipid content and glucose metabolism in skeletal muscle, liver and brown adipose tissue. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that mice regulate energy balance at different housing temperatures to maintain whole-body glucose tolerance and adiposity irrespective of the diet. Despite this, metabolic differences in individual tissues were apparent. In conclusion, dietary intervention in mice has a greater impact on adiposity and glucose metabolism than housing temperature although temperature is still a significant factor in regulating metabolic parameters in individual tissues.

scholarly journals Cumulative Effects Of Strontium Ranelate and Impact Exercise On Bone Mass In Ovariectomized Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 3040
Author(s):  
Priscilla Aveline ◽  
Annabelle Cesaro ◽  
Marija Mazor ◽  
Thomas M. Best ◽  
Eric Lespessailles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Strontium Ranelate ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Ovariectomized Rats ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Left Femur ◽  
Osteocyte Apoptosis ◽  
Ovx Rats

OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of physical exercise (EXE), strontium ranelate (SR), or their combination on bone status in ovariectomized (OVX) rats. DESIGN: Sixty female Wistar rats were randomized to one of five groups: sham (Sh), OVX (O), OVX+EXE (OE), OVX+SR (OSR), and OVX+EXE+SR (OESR). Animals in EXE groups were subjected to 10 drops per day (45 cm in height); rats in SR groups received 625 mg/kg/day of SR, 5 days/week for 8 weeks. Bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA)), mechanical strength of the left femur (three-point bending test), and femur microarchitecture of (micro-computed tomography imaging, microCT) analyses were performed to characterize biomechanical and trabecular/cortical structure. Bone remodeling, osteocyte apoptosis, and lipid content were evaluated by ELISA and immunofluorescence tests. RESULTS: In OVX rats, whole-body BMD, trabecular parameters, and osteocalcin (OCN) levels decreased, while weight, lean/fat mass, osteocyte apoptosis, and lipid content all increased. EXE after ovariectomy improved BMD and BMC, trabecular parameters, cross-sectional area (CSA), moment of inertia, and OCN levels while decreasing osteocyte apoptosis and lipid content. SR treatment increased BMD and BMC, trabecular parameters, CSA, stiffness, OCN, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels. Furthermore, fat mass, N-telopeptide (NTX) level, osteocyte apoptosis, and lipid content significantly decreased. The combination of both EXE and SR improved bone parameters compared with EXE or SR alone. CONCLUSION: EXE and SR had positive and synergistic effects on bone formation and resorption.

scholarly journals Minimal impact of age and housing temperature on the metabolic phenotype of Acc2−/− mice

2015 ◽  
Vol 228 (3) ◽  
pp. 127-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda E Brandon ◽  
Ella Stuart ◽  
Simon J Leslie ◽  
Kyle L Hoehn ◽  
David E James ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Knockout Mice ◽  
Muscle Glycogen ◽  
Insulin Action ◽  
Metabolic Phenotype ◽  
Whole Body

An important regulator of fatty acid oxidation (FAO) is the allosteric inhibition of CPT-1 by malonyl-CoA produced by the enzyme acetyl-CoA carboxylase 2 (ACC2). Initial studies suggested that deletion of Acc2 (Acacb) increased fat oxidation and reduced adipose tissue mass but in an independently generated strain of Acc2 knockout mice we observed increased whole-body and skeletal muscle FAO and a compensatory increase in muscle glycogen stores without changes in glucose tolerance, energy expenditure or fat mass in young mice (12–16 weeks). The aim of the present study was to determine whether there was any effect of age or housing at thermoneutrality (29 °C; which reduces total energy expenditure) on the phenotype of Acc2 knockout mice. At 42–54 weeks of age, male WT and Acc2−/− mice had similar body weight, fat mass, muscle triglyceride content and glucose tolerance. Consistent with younger Acc2−/− mice, aged Acc2−/− mice showed increased whole-body FAO (24 h average respiratory exchange ratio=0.95±0.02 and 0.92±0.02 for WT and Acc2−/− mice respectively, P<0.05) and skeletal muscle glycogen content (+60%, P<0.05) without any detectable change in whole-body energy expenditure. Hyperinsulinaemic–euglycaemic clamp studies revealed no difference in insulin action between groups with similar glucose infusion rates and tissue glucose uptake. Housing Acc2−/− mice at 29 °C did not alter body composition, glucose tolerance or the effects of fat feeding compared with WT mice. These results confirm that manipulation of Acc2 may alter FAO in mice, but this has little impact on body composition or insulin action.

scholarly journals Antiobesity Effect of a Novel Herbal Formulation LI85008F in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Hak Joo Choi ◽  
Hwa Young Kim ◽  
Kyoung Sik Park
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Body Fat Mass ◽  
Obese Mice ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Herbal Formulation

A variety of natural products have been explored for their antiobesity potential and widely used to develop dietary supplements for the prevention of weight gain from excess body fat. In an attempt to find a natural antiobesity agent, this study was designed to evaluate the antiobesity activity of a novel herbal formulation LI85008F composed of extracts from three medicinal plants in high-fat diet- (HFD-) induced obese mice. After the thirteen-week oral administration of the test materials to mice, the body weight gain, whole-body fat mass, adipose tissue weight, and the expression levels of obesity-related proteins were measured. Our results indicated that LI85008F can suppress body weight gain and lower whole-body fat mass in HFD-induced obese mice. Significant decreases in epididymal and retroperitoneal fat mass were observed in LI85008F-treated groups compared with the HFD-fed control group ( p < 0.05 ). Furthermore, the oral administration of LI85008F caused significant decreases in the expression level of adipogenic (C/EBPα and PPARγ) and lipogenic (ACC) markers and notable increases in the production level of thermogenetic (AMPKα, PGC1α and UCP1) and lipolytic (HSL) proteins. These findings suggest that LI85008F holds great promise for a novel herbal formulation with antiobesity activities, preventing body fat accumulation and altering lipid metabolism.

scholarly journals The androgen receptor in bone marrow progenitor cells negatively regulates fat mass

2018 ◽  
Vol 237 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia K Russell ◽  
Salvatore Mangiafico ◽  
Barbara C Fam ◽  
Michele V Clarke ◽  
Evelyn S Marin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Androgen Receptor ◽  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Gene Replacement ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Clinical Aspects ◽  
Mesenchymal Progenitor Cells

It is well established that testosterone negatively regulates fat mass in humans and mice; however, the mechanism by which testosterone exerts these effects is poorly understood. We and others have shown that deletion of the androgen receptor (AR) in male mice results in a phenotype that mimics the three key clinical aspects of hypogonadism in human males; increased fat mass and decreased bone and muscle mass. We now show that replacement of the Ar gene specifically in mesenchymal progenitor cells (PCs) residing in the bone marrow of Global-ARKO mice, in the absence of the AR in all other tissues (PC-AR Gene Replacements), completely attenuates their increased fat accumulation. Inguinal subcutaneous white adipose tissue and intra-abdominal retroperitoneal visceral adipose tissue depots in PC-AR Gene Replacement mice were 50–80% lower than wild-type (WT) and 75–90% lower than Global-ARKO controls at 12 weeks of age. The marked decrease in subcutaneous and visceral fat mass in PC-AR Gene Replacements was associated with an increase in the number of small adipocytes and a healthier metabolic profile compared to WT controls, characterised by normal serum leptin and elevated serum adiponectin levels. Euglycaemic/hyperinsulinaemic clamp studies reveal that the PC-AR Gene Replacement mice have improved whole-body insulin sensitivity with higher glucose infusion rates compared to WT mice and increased glucose uptake into subcutaneous and intra-abdominal fat. In conclusion, these data provide the first evidence for an action of androgens via the AR in mesenchymal bone marrow PCs to negatively regulate fat mass and improve metabolic function.

scholarly journals Effects of isoenergetic overfeeding of either carbohydrate or fat in young men

2000 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ole Lammert ◽  
Niels Grunnet ◽  
Peter Faber ◽  
Kirsten Schroll Bjørnsbo ◽  
John Dich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fat Mass ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Distribution Analysis ◽  
Mass Isotopomer Distribution Analysis ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Normal Men ◽  
Plasma Leptin ◽  
Mass Increase

Ten pairs of normal men were overfed by 5 MJ/d for 21 d with either a carbohydrate-rich or a fat-rich diet (C- and F-group). The two subjects in each pair were requested to follow each other throughout the day to ensure similar physical activity and were otherwise allowed to maintain normal daily life. The increase in body weight, fat free mass and fat mass showed great variation, the mean increases being 1·5 kg, 0·6 kg and 0·9 kg respectively. No significant differences between the C- and F-group were observed. Heat production during sleep did not change during overfeeding. The RQ during sleep was 0·86 and 0·78 in the C- and F-group respectively. The accumulated faecal loss of energy, DM, carbohydrate and protein was significantly higher in the C- compared with the F-group (30, 44, 69 and 51 % higher respectively), whereas the fat loss was the same in the two groups. N balance was not different between the C- and F-group and was positive. Fractional contribution from hepatic de novo lipogenesis, as measured by mass isotopomer distribution analysis after administration of [1-13C]acetate, was 0·20 and 0·03 in the C-group and the F-group respectively. Absolute hepatic de novo lipogenesis in the C-group was on average 211 g per 21 d. Whole-body de novo lipogenesis, as obtained by the difference between fat mass increase and dietary fat available for storage, was positive in six of the ten subjects in the C-group (mean 332 (SEM 191) g per 21 d). The change in plasma leptin concentration was positively correlated with the change in fat mass. Thus, fat storage during overfeeding of isoenergetic amounts of diets rich in carbohydrate or in fat was not significantly different, and carbohydrates seemed to be converted to fat by both hepatic and extrahepatic lipogenesis.

scholarly journals An investigation into the effect of body mass index on the agreement between whole-body fat mass determined by MRI and air-displacement plethysmography

2019 ◽  
Vol 92 (1103) ◽  
pp. 20190300
Author(s):  
Andrew D. Weedall ◽  
Adrian J. Wilson ◽  
Sarah C. Wayte
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Body Fat Mass ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Air Displacement Plethysmography ◽  
Obese Subjects ◽  
Test Objects

Objective: To validate MRI fat measurement protocols using purpose built test objects and by comparison with air-displacement plethysmography (ADP) whole-body fat measurements in non-obese subjects. Methods: Test objects of known fat concentration were used to quantify the accuracy of the MRI measurements. 10 participants with a body mass index in the range 18–30 underwent whole-body MRI using two different Dixon-based sequences (LAVA Flex and IDEAL IQ) to obtain an estimate of their whole-body fat mass. The MRI determined fat mass was compared to the fat mass determined by ADP. Results: MRI test object measurements showed a high correlation to expected fat percentage (r > 0.98). The participant MRI and ADP results were highly correlated (r = 0.99) but on average (mean ± standard deviation) MRI determined a higher fat mass than ADP (3.8 ± 3.1 kg for LAVA Flex and 1.9 ± 3.2 kg for IDEAL IQ). There was no trend in the difference between MRI and ADP with total fat mass. Conclusion: The good agreement between MRI and ADP shows that Dixon-based MRI can be used effectively as a tool in physiological research for non-obese adults. Advances in knowledge: This work found that for ten non-obese subjects body mass index had no effect on the MRI determination of whole-body fat mass.

scholarly journals Serum levels of 25 (OH) vitamin D in adults with obesity sarcopenia

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (OCE2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Nikolova ◽  
Alexander Penkov
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Lean Mass ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Appendicular Lean Mass ◽  
Vitamin D Levels ◽  
25 Oh Vitamin D

AbstractIntroduction:Obesity has been linked with vitamin D deficiency in a number of cross-sectional studies, reviews and meta-analyses. To assess the correlations of plasma 25(OH) vitamin D levels with indices of body composition examined by DXA with an emphasis on lean and bone mass as well as on indices such as android/gynoid fat, appendicular lean mass (ALM) and appendicular lean mass index (ALMI), fat-mass indexes (FMI), fat-free mass indexes (FFMI) and the ALM-to-BMI index.Materials and Methods:62 adult subjects consented to participate – 27 men (43.5 %) and 35 women (56.5 %). Their mean age was 45.3 ± 9.5 years. Fan-beam dual-energy X-ray (DXA) body composition analysis was performed on a Lunar Prodigy Pro bone densitometer with software version 12.30. Vitamin D was measured by electro-hemi-luminescent detection as 25(OH)D Total (ECLIA, Elecsys 2010 analyzer, Roche Diagnostics). Statistical analyses were done using the SPSS 23.0 statistical package.Results:The serum 25(OH)D level was correlated significantly only to the whole body bone mineral content, the appendicular lean mass index (ALMI) and the ALM-to-BMI index, underlining a predominant role for lean and fat-free mass. Vitamin D showed a very weak correlation to % Body Fat and the Fat Mass Index (FMI) in men only. Moreover, the multiple regression equation including the associated parameters could explain only 7 % of the variation in the serum 25(OH)D levels.Discussion:Our conclusion was, that there are differences in the associations of the vitamin D levels with the different body composition indices, but these associations are generally very weak and therefore – negligible.

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