EVALUATING THE UNCERTAINTY OF MEASUREMENT ON BLOOD'S GLUCOSE LEVEL

2005 ◽  
Vol 17 (02) ◽  
pp. 91-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
HUNG-CHUN HUANG ◽  
CHIA-HUNG CHIEN ◽  
CHENG-YI WANG ◽  
FOK-CHING CHONG
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Blood Glucose Level ◽  
Glucose Level ◽  
Blood Glucose Measurement ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Glucose Measurement ◽  
Clinical Test ◽  
Uncertainty Of Measurement ◽  
Continuous Increase ◽  
Iso 17025

Judging from the continuous increase in population suffering from chronic illnesses in the past 30 years in Taiwan, we can predict that the number of diabetes victims will reach 1.5 million in 15 years. This increase is global. According to an estimate provided by WTO, one out of two diabetes sufferers is not identified as the illness victim. An estimate of 100 million people in the world are diabetes patients. Although there is currently no way to completely cure diabetes, this disease can be controlled, monitored, and improved through education, research and development of new medication and techniques. However, the quality control of glucose monitoring has posed a stubborn problem to all fields related to the medical realm in Taiwan. By contrast, there is already a well-developed management system of blood glucose measurement in the West. All the standard-setting organizations, such as NCCLS and ISO, have published relevant Standard Operation Procedure (SOP). In Taiwan, we haven't had any similar certification mechanism. It is urgent for Taiwan to establish such standards specifically for the yellow race. Now, CNLA has introduced ISO 17025 in clinical test. Although it offers a general guideline, it doesn't specify detailed operation steps. As a result, it cannot offer an accurate result in blood glucose measurement. This paper is focused on ways to evaluate the uncertainty of measurement on blood glucose level based on the standard environment lab for medical device testing in the biomedical engineering department of National Taiwan University Hospital, so as to establish a function of uncertainty of measurement on blood glucose level and make it a stepping stone for certification of the measurement.

scholarly journals Betegségismeret 2-es típusú diabetesszel élők körében: a Diabetes Knowledge Test magyar nyelvű validálása

2021 ◽  
Vol 162 (22) ◽  
pp. 870-877
Author(s):  
Orsolya Papp-Zipernovszky ◽  
Andrea Klinovszky ◽  
Norbert Buzás
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Health Literacy ◽  
Blood Glucose Level ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Blood Glucose Measurement ◽  
Glucose Measurement ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Diabetes Knowledge ◽  
Knowledge Test ◽  
Illness Knowledge

Összefoglaló. Bevezetés: Magyarországon a KSH szerint több mint 1 millió ismert cukorbeteg él. A diabetes karbantartásához elengedhetetlen a betegek tudásának, készségeinek és önhatékonyságának növelése és fenntartása. A legelterjedtebb diabetes-betegségismeretteszt a 23 kérdéses Michigan Diabetes Knowledge Test. Első 14 tétele általános tudást mér, például az ételek tápanyagtartalmával és a vércukorszint-változás okaival kapcsolatban. További 9 kérdése az inzulinhasználatról szól. Célkitűzés: Célunk ennek a tesztnek a magyar nyelvű validálása, valamint összefüggéseinek vizsgálata szociodemográfiai és betegségváltozókkal. Módszer: Keresztmetszeti kérdőíves kutatásunkban a tesztcsomagot 129, inzulint használó, 2-es típusú diabeteses beteg töltötte ki (84 nő, átlagéletkor: 59,67; szórás: 12,6) elsősorban online, betegszervezeteken keresztül. Eredmények: A betegségismeret-teszt belső konzisztenciája 0,603, ami elfogadható érték. A 23 kérdés helyes kitöltési arányának átlaga 81,66%, ami az amerikai arányokhoz hasonló, más kutatások speciális csoportjaihoz képest azonban kifejezetten magas érték. A válaszadók a ketoacidosis fogalmát, az egyes ételek tápanyag-összetevőit és az elfogyasztott ételek vércukorszintre gyakorolt hatását illető kérdésekre tudták a választ a legkevésbé. A magyar teszt a szakirodalomnak megfelelő gyenge, negatív irányú összefüggésben áll az életkorral, és pozitív a kapcsolata az inzulinhasználat hosszával, valamint a napi vércukorszintmérés és inzulinbeadás számával. A betegségismeretet függetlenül egyedül a napi vércukorszintmérés mennyisége jósolta meg. A teszt konvergens validitását mutatja gyenge, de szignifikáns összefüggése az egészségértést mérő Brief Health Literacy Screening kérdésekkel. Következtetés: A magyar nyelvű Diabetes Betegségismeret Teszt alkalmas a diabetesszel élők tudásszintjének felmérésére. Mintánkban a betegségismeret magas szintje az inzulint használók megfelelő edukációjával függhet össze. Ugyanakkor eredményeink felhívják a figyelmet a betegek diétával kapcsolatos magasabb szintű tudásának szükségességére. Orv Hetil. 2021; 162(22): 870–877. Summary. Introduction: According to the Hungarian Central Statistical Office, more than 1 million diabetic patients live in Hungary. It is essential to enhance and sustain the knowledge, skills and self-efficacy of patients. The most widely used measurement of illness knowledge is the 23-item Michigan Diabetes Knowledge Test (DKT). Its first 14 items measure general knowledge: the nutritional value of food, and causes of change in blood glucose level. Its further 9 items are about insulin usage. Objective: To examine the reliability and the validity of the Hungarian version of DKT2 as well as its association with sociodemographic and illness-related variables. Methods: In our cross-sectional quantitative study, 129 patients (84 women, mean age: 59.67; SD = 12.6) diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus using insulin therapy filled in a questionnaire online. Results: The α coefficient for the test is 0.603, which is acceptable. The mean of the correct answer rate is 81.66%, which resembles the American results, but it is higher than that of other specific groups. Problem areas for our patients included interpreting ketoacidosis, the nutritional value of foods and the effect of foods on blood glucose level. The score of the Hungarian test – in accordance with the literature – correlates negatively with age, positively with the year of insulin-usage and with the number of daily insulin intake and of blood glucose measurement. Illness knowledge was independently predicted only by the number of daily blood glucose measurement. The convergent validity of the Hungarian test is supported by its weak but significant association with Brief Health Literacy Screen questions. Conclusion: The Hungarian DKT2 properly measures the illness knowledge of diabetic patients. Their high level of knowledge can be traced back to the speciality of the subjects as well as to the overall education of insulin users. Nevertheless, our results draw attention to the necessity of enhancing the level of dietetic knowledge of patients. Orv Hetil. 2020; 162(22): 870–877.

scholarly journals Prevalence of missed hyperglycaemia among Jordan University Hospital mortality discharges, 1995-97

2001 ◽  
Vol 7 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 46-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Younis ◽  
A. Badheeb ◽  
H. Ajlouni ◽  
S. A. Kareem ◽  
K. Ajlouni
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Hospital Mortality ◽  
Blood Glucose Level ◽  
Glucose Level ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Laboratory Results ◽  
Hospital Deaths ◽  
Diagnosed Diabetes

Tostudy the prevalence of recognized and unrecognized hyperglycaemia [defined as fasting blood glucose >/= 140 mg/dL and/or random blood glucose >/= 200 mg/dL on two or more occasions], data were collected from Jordan University Hospital on all hospital deaths in those >/= 20 years of age, for the years 1995-97. The prevalence of diagnosed diabetes was 35.3% and 19.2% were missed cases of hyperglycaemia; of the missed cases, 65.7% had a blood glucose level > 250 mg/dL. Thus, the prevalence of missed hyperglycaemia among hospitalized patients is high, and greater vigilance needs to be exercised by physicians and other health professionals in reviewing laboratory results, especially those related to diabetes.

NON-INVASIVE BLOOD GLUCOSE ANALYSIS BASED ON GALVANIC SKIN RESPONSE FOR DIABETIC PATIENTS

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (02) ◽  
pp. 1850009 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. Snekhalatha ◽  
T. Rajalakshmi ◽  
C. H. Vinitha Sri ◽  
G. Balachander ◽  
K. S. Shankar
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Blood Glucose Level ◽  
Glucose Level ◽  
Galvanic Skin Response ◽  
Skin Resistance ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Glucose Measurement ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Skin Response

Diabetes is a chronic disease due to the lack of production of hormone insulin by the beta cells in the islets of Langerhans. Many diabetic patients often draw a small amount of blood to measure the glucose level every day. This vital information is needed to control their daily food intake. One such method could cause infection and discomfort to the patient. Non-invasive glucose measurement techniques overcome these challenges to monitor blood glucose level continuously. The aim and objective of this study are as follows: (i) to correlate the skin resistance based on Galvanic skin response (GSR) and blood glucose level for diabetic and non-diabetic subject and (ii) to estimate the blood glucose value based on GSR voltage and resistance using stepwise linear regression model. About 50 diabetic and 50 non-diabetic subjects were included in this study. Blood glucose level is recorded using the minimally invasive device called accu-chek for all the subjects. GSR resistance and GSR voltage were recorded using the designed instrumentation setup. In diabetic subjects, the measured blood glucose level shows negative correlation with the GSR voltage ([Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]) and GSR resistance ([Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]). The estimated blood glucose level can be predicted with good sensitivity (94%) and accuracy (92%) using age and GSR voltage, or by the combination of age and GSR resistance in the evaluation of diabetic subjects.

scholarly journals Intraoperative Hyperglycemia May Be Associated with an Increased Risk of Myocardial Injury after Non-Cardiac Surgery in Diabetic Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (22) ◽  
pp. 5219
Author(s):  
Sojin Kim ◽  
Jungchan Park ◽  
Hara Kim ◽  
Kwangmo Yang ◽  
Jin-ho Choi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Surgery ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Blood Glucose Level ◽  
Glucose Level ◽  
Myocardial Injury ◽  
Postoperative Mortality ◽  
Glucose Measurement ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Close Monitoring ◽  
Increased Risk

Background: Hyperglycemia in surgical candidates is associated with increased mortality and morbidity. We aimed to evaluate the effect of intraoperative blood glucose level on the incidence of myocardial injury after non-cardiac surgery (MINS) in diabetic patients. Methods: Diabetic patients with available intraoperative blood glucose measurement during non-cardiac surgery were enrolled in this study. Based on the highest intraoperative blood glucose level, patients were stratified into two groups: the blood sugar glucose (BST) < 180 group (intraoperative peak glucose < 180 mg/dL) and BST ≥ 180 group (intraoperative peak glucose ≥ 180 mg/dL). The primary outcome was the incidence of MINS, and secondary outcomes were in-hospital and 30-day mortalities. Results: Of the 11,302 diabetic patients, 8337 were in the BST < 180 group (73.8%) and 2965 in the BST ≥ 180 group (26.2%). After adjustment with inverse probability weighting, MINS was significantly higher in the BST ≥ 180 group (24.0% vs. 17.2%; odds ratio (OR), 1.26; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.14–1.40; p < 0.001). In addition, in-hospital and 30-day mortalities were also higher in the BST ≥ 180 group compared to the BST < 180 group (4.2% vs. 2.3%, hazard ratio (HR), 1.39; 95% CI, 1.07–1.81; p = 0.001, and 3.1% vs. 1.8%; HR, 1.76; 95% CI, 1.31–2.36; p < 0.001, respectively). Receiver-operating characteristic plots showed that the threshold of glucose level associated with MINS was 149 mg/dL. Conclusion: Intraoperative hyperglycemia was associated with an increased MINS incidence and postoperative mortality in diabetic patients. Close monitoring of intraoperative blood glucose level may be helpful in detection and management of MINS.

Metrological support of individual blood glucose meters in telemedicine

2019 ◽  
pp. 52-56
Author(s):  
Yu.F. Glukhov ◽  
N.V. Krutikov ◽  
A.V. Ivanov ◽  
N.P. Muravskaya
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Blood Glucose Level ◽  
Glucose Level ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Level Measurement ◽  
Measurement Devices ◽  
Real Practice ◽  
Health Care Centers ◽  
Medical Measurement

We have studied and analyzed status and metrological supervision of blood glucose monitors, individual devices for a person’s blood glucose level measurement. It has been indicated that nowadays blood glucose monitors like other individual devices for medical measurement are not allowed to be involved in telemedicine public service. This accounts for absence of metrological supervision with these measurement devices in telemedicine. In addition, the key problem is absence of safe methods and means of remote verificaition, calibration and transmission of measurement data to health care centers. The article offers a remote test method for blood glucose monitors using a number of resistors with values correlating with measured blood glucose level. The available method has been successfully trialed in real practice.

PENGENDALIAN KADAR GLUKOSA DARAH OLEH TEH HIJAU DAN ATAU TEH DAUN MURBEI PADA TIKUS DIABETES

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 87
Author(s):  
Rusman Efendi ◽  
Evy Damayanthi ◽  
Lilik Kustiyah ◽  
Nastiti Kusumorini
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Blood Glucose Level ◽  
Green Tea ◽  
Glucose Level ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Font Size ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Control Diabetes

<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 7.1pt 6pt 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1cm;"><span style="font-size: 10pt;">Diabetes mellitus is degeneratif disease with high prevalence that happens in many countries. Several studies had been done to control diabetes by using green tea, mullberry leaf  tea, and their mixture. The aim of this research was to analyze the influence of the administration green tea, mullbery leaf tea, and their mixtures to blood glucose level of diabetic rats both during 120 minutes after administration. This research had four phases, first to determine the best mullberry leaf tea, second to fourth phases respectively, determine turnover of blood glucose level on normal rats; attempt during 120 minutes on diabetic rats.  The result of research during 120 minutes have showed that blood glucose level on diabetic rats which were administered by green tea, mullberry leaf tea and their mixture is significantly difference with diabetic rats which were administered by water. Blood glucose level at baseline increased at 30<sup>th </sup>minutes and showed the difference significantly and then until 60<sup>th</sup> and 120<sup>th</sup> minutes and relatively stable. During 120 minutes after feed consumption, inhibition of blood glucose level occured increasingly on diabetic rats which were administered by green tea, mullberry leaf tea, and their mixture compared to diabetic rats which were administered by water.</span></p>

Anti-diabetic activity of diphenhydramine in diabetic rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 5067-5070
Author(s):  
Pang Jyh Chayng ◽  
Nurul Ain ◽  
Kaswandi Md Ambia ◽  
Rahim Md Noah
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Blood Glucose Level ◽  
Glucose Level ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Insulin Level ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Diabetic Rat ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group I

The purpose of this project is to study the anti-diabetic effect of on a diabetic rat model. A total of Twenty male Sprague rats were used and it randomly distributed into four groups which are Group I: , Group II: negative control, Group III: and Group IV: and . In diabetic model were induced with via injection at the dosage of 65mg/kg. and FBG (Fasting Blood Glucose) level of diabetic rats were assessed every three days. Blood was collected via cardiac puncture at day 21 after the induction of treatment. Insulin level of the rats was assessed with the Mercodia Rat Insulin ELISA kit. FBG level of group I (12.16 ±3.96, p&lt;0.05) and group IV (11.34 ±3.67, p&lt;0.05) were significantly decreased. Meanwhile, the for all rats did not show any significant increase. However, the insulin level was escalated in group IV (0.74+0.25, p&lt;0.05) significantly. The present study shows that the and the combination of and lowered blood glucose level and enhanced insulin secretion.

Preparation and Evaluation of Glipizide Tablets Containing both Enhanced and Sustained Release Solid Dispersions

1970 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 714-725
Author(s):  
Adel M. Aly ◽  
Ahmed S. Ali
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Blood Glucose Level ◽  
Glucose Level ◽  
Solid Dispersions ◽  
Solvent Evaporation ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Solvent Evaporation Method ◽  
Evaporation Method ◽  
Tablet Formulations

: Glipizide (GZ) is an oral blood-glucose-lowering drug of the sulfonylurea class characterized by its poor aqueous solubility. Aiming for the production of GZ tablets with rapid onset of action followed by prolonged effect; GZ-Polyethylene glycol (PEG 4000 and 6000) solid dispersions with different ratios, (using melting and solvent evaporation method), as well as, coprecipitate containing GZ with polymethyl-methacrylate (PMMA) were prepared. Four tablet formulations were prepared containing; a) GZ alone, b) GZ: PEG6000, 1:10, c) GZ:PMMA 1:3, and, d)both GZ:PEG6000 1:10 and GZ:PMMA 1:3. The solvent evaporation method showed more enhancement of GZ solubility than the melting one, and this solubilizing effect increased with PEG increment. Generally, PEG6000 showed more enhancement of dissolution than PEG4000 especially at 1:10 drug: polymer ratio (the most enhancing formula). Also, the prepared tablet formulations showed acceptable physical properties according to USP/NF requirements. The dissolution results revealed that tablets containing PEG6000 (1:10) have the most rapid release rate, followed by the formula containing both PEG6000 and PMMA, while that including PMMA alone showed the slowest dissolution rate. Moreover, In-vivo studies for each of the above four formulations, were performed using four mice groups. The most effective formula in decreasing the blood glucose level, through the first 6 hours, was that containing GZ and PEG6000, 1:10. However, formula containing the combination of enhanced and sustained GZ was the most effective in decreasing the blood glucose level through 16 hours. Successful in-vitro in-vivo correlations could be detected between the percent released and the percent decreasing of blood glucose level after 0.5 hours.

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